The first chapter summarizes the Microcomputer Principle

1. Three microprocessors, microcomputers, microcomputer systems What is the difference?

   

2. Why binary computer, why are octal, decimal, hexadecimal and other notation

   • The reason of using the binary
     • Binary easiest physically
     • Binary coding, counting, addition and subtraction rule used to represent a simple binary numbers
     • Two unsigned binary number "1" and "0" just correspond to "yes" and "no" or "true" and "false degree" logical propositions, there is provided a computer implemented logical and logical judgment program convenient conditions
   • Advantages: easy to physical implementation, simple operation, high reliability of the machine, versatility
   • The reason cited octal, hexadecimal: ease of binary computing and memory, but also to reduce the complexity of writing, read more intuitive improve readability, the conversion is very convenient

3. What is unsigned? What is a signed number

   • Whether the number of symbols for binary, signed with the highest number of bits as a sign bit, and the remaining digits as a numerical digit, stands for a number.
   • All unsigned number represents a binary value, without a sign

4. Why would complement the introduction?

   • Since the data is stored in a computer is typically limited number of bits, then if two numbers exceeds the number of bits, then the excess will automatically be lost.

   effect:

   • Rms potential energy and to participate in the operation symbol portion together, thereby simplifying notation. Complement sign bit machine, not to impose up, a natural part of the data itself, can be involved in the normal operation
   • So that the subtraction is converted to adding further simplify circuit design the computer operator, and other high-level languages ​​are compiled the original code, c, etc for use in use

5. Von Neumann computer What characteristics and working principle?

   • Fundamental
     • Stored program, the order of execution
   • Structural features
     • Processing data and instructions to take binary
     • Indiscriminate instructions and data, a memory storing the mixed
     • Each instruction execution order
     • Hardware by the arithmetic unit, a controller, a memory, input devices, output devices composition

6. What is the logic? Truth table of meaning?

   Logical thinking is the law of the form followed by Guilin village between cause and effect of things, the performance of logic and reasoning for the proposition

   Note:

   • Proposition: to determine the truth of the statement statement

   • Reasoning: thinking process to draw conclusions from premises

   • Provided that the proposition has been concluded that after a demonstrable proposition

7. The role of the program counter (PC) of?

   Store instruction execution

   • working principle

     When executing a command, you first need to be stored in the PC according to the instruction address

     The instruction fetch from the memory to the instruction register , then this process is called "instruction fetch"

     Completion of execution of the first instruction, then the instruction address of the PC according to the second extraction, so the cycle, each instruction execution