table of Contents
Question 1
What are instruction cycle, machine cycle and clock cycle? What is the relationship between the three?
The total time required for each instruction to be fetched and executed by the CPU is called the instruction cycle; (4 points)
The time for the CPU to complete a memory read and write operation is machine cycle; (4 points)
The clock cycle is the most basic timing unit when a computer is running, and it is equal to the reciprocal of the computer's main frequency; (4 points)
One machine cycle is equal to 4 clock cycles; (4 points)
One instruction cycle is equal to 2 or more machine cycles. (4 points)
Question 2
Suppose an instruction pipeline consists of 5 process stages: instruction fetch (IF), instruction decoding (ID), effective address calculation (EX), operand fetch (MEM), result write-back (WB), each process stage is one With a clock cycle of 100ns, a total of 10 instructions enter the pipeline continuously.
1) Draw a time-space diagram of pipeline processing.
2) Calculate the speedup of the pipeline processor.
3) Calculate the actual throughput rate of the pipeline (the number of instructions executed per unit time).
Question 3
A computer has the following components: ALU, shifter, main memory M, main memory data register MDR, main memory address register MAR, instruction register IR, program counter PC, general registers R0-R3, temporary registers DR1 and DR2. Each logical component composes a data path as shown below:
1) Indicate the names of the four registers A～D in the figure.
2) Draw the instruction cycle flowchart of the "ADD R1, (R2)" instruction. The function of this instruction is to realize: (R1)+((R2))→R1, assuming that the address of the instruction is already in the PC.
Question 4
Question 5
What are the current architectures of general-purpose processors? What are their respective characteristics and target areas? If we want to develop a processor with independent intellectual property rights in my country, what problems need to be solved urgently?
