经济学人精读笔记5：国外枪击事件频发，中国留学生望而生畏

标签（空格分隔）：经济学人

Part 1

Many Chinese students are frightened of studying abroad

Some pay ex-commandos to teach them how to avoid mass shootings in America

许多中国学生害怕出国留学
一些人花钱请前突击队队员教他们如何在美国避免大规模枪击事件

ex-commandos 前突击队员

ex-前缀是“前…”的意思
ex-girlfriends前女友 ex-boyfriends前男友
Blacklisting your ex-girlfriends or ex-boyfriends is definitely the optimal way to prove your love to your current girlfriend or boyfriend. 拉黑你的前任绝对是给现任证明爱意的最佳方式。

blacklist 拉黑；黑名单
blacklist 既可以作为名词，表示“黑名单”，还可以作为动词，表示“拉黑”。
commando n.突击队员
commander n. 司令官，指挥官
military/allied/field/flight commanders 军事 / 盟军 / 战地 / 飞行指挥官
mass shootings大规模枪击案

mass [mæs] adj. affecting or involving a large number of people or things 大批的；数量极多的；广泛的
mass unemployment/production大批失业；批量生产

此外mass作名词也表示“大量，许多”，比如a mass of blonde hair一头金发。mass还表示“(民众中的)大部分，大多数”，考研中常见的大众传媒是mass media，大众品牌mass-market labels。

the masses特指“群众；平民百姓”，a TV programme that brings science to the masses普及科学知识的电视节目。
mass作动词时表示“聚集；集结”的意思，Demonstrators had massed outside the embassy.示威者聚集在大使馆的外面。

【近型词辨析】mess[mes] n. a dirty or untidy state 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁
The room was in a mess .这个房间杂乱不堪。
‘What a mess ! ’ she said,surveying the scene after the party.看着聚会后的情况，她说：“真是一片狼藉！”

moss [mɒs] n. a very small green or yellow plant without flowers that spreads over damp surfaces, rocks, trees, etc苔藓；地衣
moss-covered walls青苔覆盖的墙壁

Part 2

Their fear is not of ideological contamination, but of the petty crime and shootings that China’s state media highlight as a scourge of Western societies. For Wang Xuejun, this is an opportunity. A veteran of Chinese peacekeeping and international relief work, he is the founder of Safety Anytime, a company that runs security-training programmes for anxious Chinese who are preparing to sojourn abroad. His customers are taught how to respond to gun-toting assailants, kidnapping attempts and terrorist attacks, among other perils. But the bulk of the training focuses on safety consciousness: how to be aware of more mundane dangers such as muggings or pick-pocketing and how to avoid or cope with them. There are also lessons in first aid, information security and drugs laws, plus advice on how to handle fraud and sexual harassment.

他们担心的不是意识形态的污染，而是中国官方媒体所强调的西方社会的灾难——轻度犯罪和枪击。对王学军来说，这是一个机会，他是中国维和和国际救援工作的老兵，也是Safety Anytime公司的创始人，该公司为那些准备出国的焦虑的中国人提供安全培训项目。他教客户如何应对持枪行凶者、绑架和恐怖袭击等危险。但培训的主要内容是安全意识:如何意识到抢劫或扒窃等更常见的危险，以及如何避免或应对这些危险。课程还包括急救、信息安全和毒品法律，以及如何处理欺诈和性骚扰的建议。

ideological contamination 意识形态的污染，这里指的是中国留学生在经历海外学习生活后，被西方意识形态所影响和改变。

ideological adj.意识形态的

ideology [ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi] n. a set of beliefs, especially the political beliefs on which people, parties, or countries base their actions意识形态;思想体系;思想方式

This encourages reductionist explanations of fascist ideology.这助长了对法西斯意识形态的简单化解释。

contamination 是名词“污染”，其动词形式是contaminate

be contaminated with sth 被…污染，弄脏
[VOA] Over half a century of armed conflict has left swaths of land contaminated with unexploded ordnance.在过去的半个世纪，武装冲突使大片土地受到未爆炸弹药的污染。

petty crime 轻度犯罪相对的是 serious crime重度犯罪
petty adj.小的，琐碎的

【古诗词翻译鉴赏】Never fail to do anything good which you deem as petty; never dare to do anything evil which you consider as trivial. 勿以善小而不为，勿以恶小而为之。

scourge n. [skɜ:dʒ] (formal) a person or thing that causes trouble or suffering 祸害；祸根；灾害
the scourge of war/disease/poverty 战争 / 疾病 / 贫穷之苦
veteran n.老手；经验丰富的人；在行的人相当于old hand，old-timer
sojourn n. / v. 逗留；旅居
【记忆方法】 so（sub相当于under，表“…之下”）+ journ （相当于day, 表示“天, 日”）→在日子下即过日子→逗留
gun-toting assailants 持枪歹徒
gun-toting soldiers 持枪的士兵
持械还可以说armed比如：Armed robbery and abduction have been on the increase countrywide. 持械抢劫和诱拐案的案发率在全国范围内都有所上升。

assailant n.əˈseɪlənt a person who attacks sb, especially physically 攻击者；行凶者=attacker

kidnapping n.绑架劫持
Two businessmen have been kidnapped by terrorists.两名商人遭恐怖分子绑架。

绑匪要求的“赎金”是ransom ，比如：The kidnappers are demanding a ransom of $1 million.劫持者索要100万元赎金。

the bulk of sth 指某物的“主要部分，大半”(the main or largest part of something)，比如《纽约时报》报道苹果销量下滑时提到：The bulk of Apple’s products are made in Chinese factories.苹果大部分的产品都是在中国的工厂生产的。
safety consciousness 安全意识

conscious 表示“关注…的，有意识的” (thinking a lot about or concerned about something) ，比如“有环保意识的”environmentally-conscious ，“有健康意识的”health-conscious

mundane [mʌn'deɪn] adj. not interesting or exciting 单调的；平凡的 =dull , ordinary
a mundane task / job 平凡的任务 / 职业

mugging n.拦路抢劫罪
Mugging is on the increase.抢劫犯罪呈上升趋势。

pickpocketing n.扒窃 pickpocket n.扒手，小偷
first aid n. simple medical treatment that is given to sb before a doctor comes or before the person can be taken to a hospital 急救
to give first aid 进行急救
a first-aid course 急救课程

Cardio pulmonary resuscitation心肺复苏，缩写CPR

handle v.解决，前面一句还出现了cope with，复习一下上篇文章中我们学到的有关“处理、解决某一问题”的表达：
*cope with指成功地对付，处理某事He wasn't able to cope with the stresses and strains of the job. 对付这项工作的紧张与压力，他无能为力。

*sort out 本指“整理、分类”，常引申为“解决、处理（问题）”，相当于solve，Whatever dystopias lie ahead, futurists seem confident we can sort out congestion 不管人类面临着什么样的灾难，未来派似乎都对消除拥堵信心满满。[经济学人.Jam Tomorrow]

*grapple with 本义是“与…扭打，揪斗，搏斗”，与某个问题或困难搏斗，也就是“努力设法解决某困难或问题”比如“政府正在努力解决失业问题。” The Government is grappling with unemployment.

*wrestle with本义是“与…摔跤，与…扭打”，和grapple with 一样也可以引申为“奋力对付；努力处理；全力解决”比如She had spent the whole weekend wrestling with the problem. 她整个周末都在绞尽脑汁处理这个问题。

*come / get to grips with sth开始理解并着手处理难题
I'm slowly getting to grips with the language. 我慢慢开始掌握这种语言。

fraud n.诈骗
sexual harassment n.性骚扰
peacekeeping adj. 维护和平的;执行(或监督)停火协定的
peril n. 事故；风险

Part 3

The clients include not just Chinese students, more than 660,000 of whom went abroad last year, but also workers from the many Chinese energy, telecoms, finance and engineering companies that send employees abroad as part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. That project, a sprawling scheme to build infrastructure and spread influence across much of the poor world, has put ever more Chinese into some of the world’s riskier places.

这些客户不仅包括去年出国留学的66万多名中国学生，还包括许多中国能源、电信、金融和工程公司的员工，作为中国“一带一路”计划的一部分，他们会被派往海外。“一带一路”项目是一项庞大的计划，旨在建设基础设施，并将影响力扩大到贫穷国家的大部分地区，这让越来越多的中国人进入了世界上一些风险更大的地方。

China’s Belt and Road Initiative 中国“一带一路”计划
sprawling [ˈsprɔːlɪŋ]义为“杂乱延伸的；无计划地扩展的”(spreading over a wide area in an untidy or unattractive way)，来自动词sprawl。

sprawling经常与“metropolis”联用，a sprawling metropolis指地域宽广、随意延伸的大都市

metropolis [məˈtrɒpəlɪs] n. a very large city that is the most important city in a country or area（一国或一地区的）首要城市；大都会
infrastructure n. 基础设施; 基础结构

Part 4

Many of the students are heading off to leafy college campuses in America rather than strife-torn African countries, but they are still extremely anxious. With relentless regularity, they see reports of senseless and deadly mass shootings in American cities. Mr Wang stresses that his training is about much more than avoiding crazed gunmen, but that is the main draw for many of his trainees. “I hope to go to university in America, but we always hear so much about gun violence there that I really have to take it into consideration,” says 15-year-old Cao Zhen, as his mother stands alongside nodding in agreement.

许多学生会去枝繁叶茂的美国大学校园，而不是被战火连天的非洲国家，但他们仍然极度焦虑。他们经常看到美国城市发生无目的又致命的大规模枪击事件的报道，王先生强调，他的培训远不止是为了躲避疯狂的枪手，但这是吸引他的许多学员的主要原因。“我希望去美国上大学，但我们总是听到很多关于那里的枪支暴力的事情，所以我真的必须把它考虑进去，”15岁的曹振说，他的母亲站在旁边，点头表示同意。

strife-torn 战火连天的，硝烟四起的也可以用war-torn来表示

名词加-torn 是形容词后缀“深受…之苦的；饱经…摧残的”（torn是动词tear的过去分词形式）
to bring peace to a strife-torn country给一个饱经变乱创伤的国家带来和平
a strike-torn industry 深受罢工困扰的行业

relentless a.无情的
【记忆方法】relent宽厚，发慈悲＋less→无情的relentless pressure 无情压力

relentlessly ad.残酷地，无情地

senseless adj. 无意义的；无目的的=pointless
senseless violence 无谓的暴力
the main draw for sb 最吸引某人的是

draw 作名词有“吸引力”的意思，相当于attraction
She is currently one of the biggest draws on the Irish music scene.她是目前爱尔兰音乐界最受欢迎的人物之一。

heading off 出发
campuses n. (大学)校园
stresses vt. 强调