经济学人精读笔记3：新冠的吹哨人——李文亮
标签（空格分隔）： 经济学人
2020/2/19
Part 1
Obituary Li Wenliang
The man who knew
Dr Li Wenliang, one of the first to raise the alarm about a new coronavirus, died of it on February 7th, aged 33
讣告 李文亮
很早就知道的人
最早敲响新冠状病毒警钟的医生李文亮于2月7日去世，享年33岁。
- Obituary n. 讣告
Part 2
Busy though he was as an ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central hospital, rushed off his feet, Li Wenliang never missed a chance to chat about his favourite things on Weibo. Food, in particular.
李文亮是武汉市中心医院的一名眼科医生，虽说日常工作很忙，但他从不放过任何一个可以在微博上聊聊他心水的一切的机会，尤其是美食。
coronavirus 冠状病毒是一种分布广泛的、感染哺乳动物和禽类的病毒群；置于电子显微镜下呈现王冠造型，因此得名。
ophthalmologist n.眼科医生
- rush off ones feet 非常繁忙（If you are rushed off your feet, you are extremely busy.）【写作优选】
We used to be rushed off our feet at lunchtimes. 以前我们在午饭时间会忙得不可开交。
- in particular 尤其, 特别
Part 3
①Since he shared every passing observation online, it was not surprising that on December 30th he put up a post about an odd cluster of pneumonia cases at the hospital. ②They were unexplained, but the patients were in quarantine, and they had all worked in the same place, the pungent litter-strewn warren of stalls that made up the local seafood market.
①他平时喜欢在网上分享自己的所见所闻，所以12月30日他发出了一个关于医院出现不明肺炎的消息也不足为奇。②病因尚未查清，但病人都被隔离了，而且病人都在同一个地方工作，那是遍地垃圾味道刺鼻的当地的一个海鲜市场。
chat v./n.聊天，闲聊
chat about sth. with sb.和某人聊某事
chat-show （电视或电台的）访谈节目
a chat-show host 访谈节目主持人
- put up a post about sth.发关于某事的帖子
put up 公布，post作动词为“发布，张贴”此处作名词意为“帖子”
【相关拓展】一些有关网络社交的补充词汇
give ... a like / thumb-up 点赞
I'll give that a like.我要去给那点个赞。I'll give him a thumb-up. 我要给他点个赞。
hit the like button 点赞
Please hit the like button if you learn something.如果你学到了东西，别忘了点赞。
follow关注unfollow取关
I unfollowed that official account.我取关了那个公众号。
post something on Moments 发朋友圈
I would really love to share my joys and sorrows on my Wechat moments. 我很乐意在微信朋友圈上分享我的喜与悲。
block/ shield sb屏蔽
I had no choice but to block her. 没辙，我只能屏蔽她。
blacklist 拉黑；黑名单
blacklist既可以作为名词，表示“黑名单”，还可以作为动词，表示“拉黑”。
Blacklisting your ex-girlfriends or ex-boyfriends is definitely the optimal way to prove your love to your current girlfriend or boyfriend. 拉黑你的前任绝对是给现任证明爱意的最佳方式。
You were mentioned 有人@你
Don't forget to notify me./ Don't forget to give me a mention. 记得@我一下。
send a sticker 发一个表情
She sent a sticker to comment the photo.她发了一个表情来评论这张照片。
forward 转发
forward除了可以作为形容词、副词表示“向前”之外，还可以表示“转发”。但是forward所指的转发是指在对话框转发给好友，而不是转发到朋友圈这种“转发”。
He forwarded a message to me, warning me of keeping an eye on that guy. 他转发了一条消息给我，提醒我要留心那个家伙。
unfriend 删好友英语里面名词活用为动词的情况很多，像friend就可以表示在社交网站或app上“加好友"，而unfriend自然就是“删好友”的意思了。
She unfriended Laura after having a catfight with her without any hesitation.她和劳拉撕逼之后果断删好友。
subscribe to订阅像公众号、服务号这样的东西，我们除了同样可以用follow（关注）之外，更多时候用的是subscribe to（订阅）。
I subscribed to this official account on Wechat to always keep myself updated on the latest news and trending topics. 我订阅了微信公众号来时刻让自己紧跟最新时事和热点。
- odd adj.古怪的=strange
odds n. （事物发生的）可能性，概率，几率，机会
the odds/ chances of sth（事情发生的）可能性
You can narrow the odds of a nasty accident happening in your home by being more safety-conscious.通过增强安全意识，就可以减少危险的意外事故在家中发生的可能性。Our chances of victory are dwindling. 我们获胜的可能性正在逐渐降低。（注意odds和chances都要用复数）
【电影赏析】《饥饿游戏》讲述的是12个地区每年都必须进贡少年男女，参加一档电视直播节目“饥饿游戏”（Hunger Game）。节目的规则很简单——杀人或者被杀。凯妮丝的妹妹不幸在12区“选择日”时被选中，为保护妹妹，凯妮丝自告奋勇要替妹妹上场与其他23个人展开厮杀。电影中有一句经典台词：Happy Hunger Games. And may the odds be ever in your favor. 饥饿游戏快乐，希望好运永远眷顾你。
这里the odds are in someone's favour表示“（某人）很可能取得成功” in one's favour表示“有利于某人；有助于某人”
- a cluster of 一组，一群
a cluster of spectators一群旁观者
pneumonia n. a serious illness affecting one or both lungs that makes breathing difficult 肺炎
处于隔离状态：be in quarantine
She was sent home to Oxford and put in quarantine... 她被送回牛津的家中隔离起来。
No mammals other than people may enter the country without lengthy quarantine. 除人之外，所有的哺乳动物进入这个国家都必须经过长期隔离。
- pungent [ˈpʌn.dʒənt] adj.
- having a strong taste or smell 味道（或气味）强烈的；刺激性的
the pungent smell of burning rubber 烧橡胶的刺鼻气味
- direct and having a strong effect 说穿的；一语道破的；一针见血的
pungent criticism 一针见血的批评
- litter-strewn 垃圾遍地
- warren n. 过分拥挤的场所
- stalls n. 厩, 畜栏
Part 4
③Immediately this looked like person-to-person transmission to him, even if it might have come initially from bats, or some other delicacy. ④Immediately, too, it raised the spectre of the sars virus of 2002-03 which had killed more than 700 people. ⑤He therefore decided to warn his private WeChat group, all fellow alumni from Wuhan University, to** take precautions**. ⑥He headed the post: “Seven cases of sars in the Huanan Wholesale Seafood Market”. ⑦That was his mistake.
③显然病毒有人传人的可能性，虽然它最初可能来自蝙蝠或其他菜肴。④这些病例立刻勾起了人们对2002-2003年肆虐的SARS病毒肆虐的恐惧感（该病毒造成700多人死亡）。⑤因此，他决定在微信群（武汉大学校友群）警告大家采取预防措施。⑥他在群里发了这样一则微信消息：“在华南海鲜市场发现了7例SARS病例”。⑦这也是他大意的地方。
person-to-person transmission 人传人
delicacy n.a type of food considered to be very special in a particular place 精美的食物；佳肴=speciality
local delicacies 当地的美味佳肴
dish 也可以表示“一道菜；菜肴”，比如 a vegetarian dish 一道素菜，a cold dish 冷餐，the chef's dish 主厨特色菜。
raised the spectre of the sars virus 勾起对SARS病毒的恐慌
spectre n.['spektə(r)] something unpleasant that people are afraid might happen in the future 恐惧；恐慌；忧虑
These weeks of drought have once again raised the spectre of widespread famine.几星期来的干旱再次引起了群众对大饥荒的恐慌。
WeChat group 微信群
alumni n.[plural]（统称）校友，毕业生
- take precautions 采取预防措施
head v.标题为 If a piece of writing is headed a particular title, it has that title written at the beginning of it.【熟词僻义】
One chapter is headed, 'Beating the Test'. 有一章的标题为“战胜考试”。
Part 5
①The trouble was that he did not know whether it was actually sars. ②He had posted it too fast. ③In an hour he corrected it, explaining that although it was a coronavirus, like sars, it had not been identified yet. ④But to his horror he was too late: his first post had already gone viral, with his name and occupation undeleted, so that in the middle of the night he was called in for a dressing down at the hospital, and January 3rd he was summoned to the police station.
①问题是他发布得太快了，②他并不知道这次是否真的是sars。③一个小时后，他在群里纠正了一下，并解释说尽管它是一种类似于sars的冠状病毒，但尚未被确定。④但他解释的太晚了：他发的第一条消息在网上被疯狂转发，转发内容包括他的名字和职业。半夜他就被叫回到医院遭到训斥，1月3日被派出所传唤。
- identify v. to recognize sb/sth and be able to say who or what they are 确认；认出；鉴定
First of all we must identify the problem areas.首先我们必须找出问题所在。
identity n.[aɪˈdentəti] who or what sb/sth is 身份；本身；本体
The police are trying to discover the identity of the killer. 警方正努力调查杀人凶手的身份。Do you have any proof of identity? 你有身份证明吗？
【记忆方法】我们每个人的身份证英文是 ID card，它的全称就是 identity或 identification
You must carry ID at all times. 你必须随身携带身份证件。
identical [aɪˈdentɪkl] adj. 完全相同的
- go viral 病毒式扩散；疯狂传播
viral 是virus病毒的形容词形式“病毒的；病毒性的” ，a viral infection 病毒性感染 a viral email 传播病毒邮件
- occupation [ɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən] n. [C] a job or profession 工作；职业
Please state your name, age and occupation below. 请在下面写明姓名、年龄和职业。
[文末拓展关于“职业，求职”话题写作的地道表达]
a dressing down n.训斥，痛斥 dress sb down v.训斥；责骂
summon v. (formal) to order sb to appear in court 传唤，传讯（出庭）
He was summoned to appear before the magistrates. 他被传唤在地方法院出庭。
summon作动词还有“召唤”的意思，用法同hail
比如：召唤服务员就是 summon the waiter/叫车打车 summon the taxi
hail [heɪl] 本义是“呼喊，大声招呼 hail a taxi打车
打车 App则是a ride-hailing App
叫车服务则是ride-hailing services，比如《经济学人》一篇谈交通拥堵的文章提到：Ride-hailing services might introduce multi-passenger vehicles and split travel costs across riders (they could call them “buses”).幸运的是，历史也提供了一个解决方案：公共交通。叫车服务可能会引入多乘客车辆，并在乘客之间分摊费用（可以称之为“巴士”）。
hail更常见的动词用法是hail sb / sth as sth，指“把…称赞为，把…誉为”，常用作被动语态“be hailed as”比如The Wandering Earth is hailed as China's biggest sci-fi movie to date.流浪地球被誉为中国迄今为止最大的科幻电影。
- horror n. 惊骇
Part 6
①On January 8th an 82-year-old patient presented with acute angle-closure glaucoma and, because she had no fever, he treated her without a mask.
②She too turned out to run a stall in the market, and she had other odd symptoms, including loss of appetite and pulmonary lesions suggesting viral pneumonia.
①1月8日，一名82岁的患者出现了急性闭角型青光眼，由于她没有发烧，所以李文亮没有戴口罩就给她进行了治疗。
②后来才知道这位病人曾在华南海鲜市场摆摊，她还出现一些其他的症状，比如食欲不振和肺部病变，诊断为病毒性肺炎。
- acute adj.（疾病）急性的 acute appendicitis急性阑尾炎
【反义词】chronic adj.慢性的；难以治愈（或根除）
chronic bronchitis/arthritis/asthma 慢性支气管炎 / 关节炎 / 哮喘
mask 是“面具，口罩”，还可以用respirator表示“口罩”
- turn out to be sth 最后结果是，最终成为(to happen in a particular way, or to have a particular result, especially one that you did not expect) 往往用于引出出乎意料的结果
The job turned out to be harder than we thought. 这工作结果比我们想像的要难。
- run a stall 摆摊
stall n.摊位，售货亭（尤指集市上的）=stand
a market stall 集市上的货摊
- loss of appetite 失去食欲
arouse the appetite激起食欲
- suggest v.症状表明【熟词僻义】
The symptoms suggest a minor heart attack. 症状显示这是轻微心脏病发作。
【写作优选】此外，日常读外刊时，我们可以经常遇到“主句，suggesting that…”这一句式，我们可以多留心这种“主句, +ing”的用法。当句中出现多个动词且动词间有递进关系时，可以使用这一句式，不仅使句子更简洁，也使得逻辑关系更为紧凑。
比如金融时报一篇关于《我不是药神》的文章谈到：It is rare for Chinese censors to approve films presenting lawbreaking in a positive light, suggesting that officials intended its release to send a message to the industry. 中国审查机构极少批准从正面视角展示违法行为的电影，似乎表明官方希望通过这部电影的上映向业界传递一个信息。
- presented vt. 呈现
- pulmonary adj. 肺的,肺部的
- lesions n. 损害,损伤
Part 7
③It was the new virus, and by January 10th he had begun to cough. ④The next day he put an n95 mask on. ⑤Not wanting to infect the family, he sent them to his in-laws 200 miles away, and checked into a hotel. ⑥He was soon back in the hospital, this time in an isolation ward. ⑦On February 1st a nucleic-acid test showed positive for the new coronavirus. ⑧Well, that’s it then, confirmed, he wrote on Weibo from his bed.
③那就是新型冠状病毒。1月10日，李文亮开始咳嗽。④第二天，他戴上了N95口罩。⑤因为怕传染家人，他把他们送到了200英里外的岳父家，自己入住了一家旅馆。⑥但他很快就回医院了，但这次是隔离病房。⑦ 2月1日，李文亮核酸测试结果阳性，⑧他躺在病床上发了一条微博：“尘埃落定，终于确诊了。
- in-laws n.复数 your relatives by marriage, especially the parents of your husband or wife 姻亲；（尤指）公婆，岳父母
We're visiting my in-laws on Sunday.我们星期天要去拜访我的姻亲。
- an isolation ward 隔离病房
isolation n.ˌ[aɪsəˈleɪʃn] the state of being alone or lonely 孤独；孤立状态 Many unemployed people experience feelings of isolation and depression. 很多失业者有孤独沮丧的感觉。
也可以联想到抑郁症的英文depression
【记忆方法】
depression的动词形式是depress，拆解来看就很容易记住这个单词了。de-前缀是向下的意思，比如degrade退步。press我们都知道是动词“压”，那么把人的心情向下压就是“抑郁，抑郁症，压抑”的意思。把经济向下压就是“经济衰退，萧条”的意思。
depressive 和depressed都是形容词，都表示“抑郁的，压抑的”
- positive adj.阳性的；证明…存在的【熟词僻义】
a positive pregnancy test 呈阳性反应的怀孕检测
to be HIV positive艾滋病病毒化验呈阳性
【反义词】negative adj.阴性的