e.g. i.e. etc. et al. 英文论文中的缩写语

e.g. i.e. etc. et al.

用法：, e.g., || , i.e., || , etc. || et al.

e.g. 拉丁文exempli gratia的缩写，意思是“举个例子，比如，例如…..”。Popular pets, e.g. , cats and dogs.

i.e. 源于拉丁语id est的缩写，意思是“那就是说，换句话说”，等同于“that is, in other words, namely”。The basic essentials of life, i.e. , housing, food and water.

etc. et cetera的缩写，意思是“等等”，相当于“and so on”，用于列举事物。We talked about the contract, pay, etc.

et al. 源于拉丁语et alibi的缩写，意思是“等等”，相当于“and others”，用于列举人。Research by West et al., 1996.