1. envelop [ɪnˈveləp]
v. If one thing envelops another, it covers or surrounds it completely.
More dense atmosphere gradually enveloped Earth.
2. proactive [ˌprəʊˈæktɪv]
adj. Proactive actions are intended to cause changes, rather than just reacting to change.
My role is to help you take a more proactive approach to your life.
3. posit [ˈpɒzɪt]
v. If you posit something, you suggest or assume it as the basis for an argument or calculation.
Most religions posit the existence of life after death.
4. disguise [dɪsˈgaɪz]
(1). n. If you are in disguise, you are not wearing your usual clothes or you have altered your appearance in other ways, so that people will not recognize you.
(2). v. If you disguise yourself, you put on clothes which make you look like someone else or alter your appearance in other ways, so that people will not recognize you.
(3). v. To disguise something means to hide it or make it appear different so that people will not know about it or will not recognize it.
These songs origins cannot be disguised and therefore they belong primarily to the composer.
5. embellish [ɪmˈbelɪʃ]
(1). v. If something is embellished with decorative features or patterns, it has those features or patterns on it and they make it look more attractive.
(2). v. If you embellish a story, you make it more interesting by adding details which may be untrue.
Jimmy embellished the tale of his fishing trip to make it sound more exciting.
6. infuriate [ɪnˈfjʊərieɪt]
v. If something or someone infuriates you, they make you extremely angry.
Ross knew that some of his words might infuriate the fans of that singer.
7. spear [spɪə(r)]
(1). n. A spear is weapon consisting of a long pole with a sharp metal point attached to the end.
(2). v. If you spear something, you push or throw a pointed object into it.
(3). n. Asparagus or broccoli spears are individual stalks of asparagus or broccoli.
Tom isn't good at table manners; he spears the cake and puts it on the plate.
8. casualty [ˈkæʒuəlti]
(1). n. A casualty is a person who is injured or killed in a war or in an ancident.
(2). n. A casualty of a particular event or situation is a person or a thing that has suffered badly as a result of that event or situation.
(3). n. Casualty is the part of a hospital where people who have severe injuries or sudden illnesses are taken for emergency treatment.
There has been no report of casualty or damage.
9. thrust [θrʌst]
(1). v. If you thrust something or someone somewher, you push or move them there quickly with a lot of force.
(2). v. If you thrust your way somewhere, you move there, pushing between people or things which are in your way.
(3). v. If something thrusts up or out of something else, it sticks up or sicks out in a noticeable way.
(4). n. Thrust is the power or force that is required to make a vehicle move in a particular direction.
(5). n. The thrust of an activity or of an idea is the main or essential things it expresses.
The little boy started to cry when a needle was thrust into his arm.
10. bestow [bɪˈstəʊ]
v. To bestow something on someone means to give or present it to them.
Some of the students would be bestowed honors and prizes upon at the graduation ceremony.
11. adventitious [ˌædvenˈtɪʃəs]
adj. associated by chance and not an integral part
I found this adventitious meeting with my friend was very lucky.
12. dissipate [ˈdɪsɪpeɪt]
(1). phrase. When something dissipates or when you dissipate it, it becomes less or becomes less strong until it disappears or goes away completely.
(2). v. When someone dissipates money, time, or effort, they waste it in a foolish way.
Don't dissipate your efforts over something so trivial.
13. cranial ['kreɪnɪəl]
adj. Cranial means relating to your cranium.
These are usually benign tumors that often form near the cerebellum and in the cranial nerve.
14. lineage [ˈlɪniɪdʒ]
n. Someone's lineage is the series of families from which they are directly descended.
She traced her lineage back to the Tang Dynasty.
15. balk [bɔ:k]
v. If you balk at something, you definitely do not want to do it or to let it happen.
The high housing price is a balk to many people working and living in big cities.
16. irritate [ˈɪrɪteɪt]
(1). v. If something irritates you, it keeps annoying you.
(2). v. If something irritates a part of your body, it causes it to itch or become sore.
You do not want to make any trouble to irritate your boss.
17. plump [plʌmp]
(1). adj. You can describe someone or something as plump to indicate that they are rather fat or rounded.
(2). v. If you plump a pillow or cushion, you shake it and hit it gently so that it goes back into a rounded shape.
(3). v. If you plump for someone or something, you choose them, often after hesitating or thinking carefully.
The man is so short and plump that he has to be lifted up on his horse.
18. readily [ˈredɪli]
(1). adv. If you do something readily, you do it in a way which shows that you are very willing to do it.
(2). adv. You also use readily to say that something can be done or obtained quickly and easily. For example, if you say that something can be easily understood, you mean that people can understand it quickly and easily.
It is made of wood not readily available.
19. pave [peɪv]
(1). v. If a road or an area of ground has been paved, it has been covered with flat blocks of stone or concrete, so that it is suitable for walking or driving on.
(2). phrase. If one thing paves the way for another, it creates a situation in which it is possible or move likely that the other thing will happen.
The sky was paved with clouds.
20. contamination [kənˌtæmɪ'neɪʃən]
(1). n. the act of contaminating or polluting
(2). n. the state of being contaminated
(3). a substance that contaminates
In the 1970s, the peregrine falcons almost disappointed as a result of the contamination of the food chain by the DDT in pesticide.
21. pretentious [prɪˈtenʃəs]
adj. If you say that someone or something is pretentious, you mean that they try to seem important or significant, but you do not think that they are.
Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, or outgoing.
22. barter [ˈbɑ:tə(r)]
v. If you bater goods, you exchange them for other goods, rather than selling them for money.
Food could be bartered for other commodities long ago.
23. tenant [ˈtenənt]
n. A tenant is someone who pays rent for the place they live in, or for land or buildings that they use.
The tenant can use any space in the parking area.
24. flake [fleɪk]
(1). n. A flake is a small thin piece of something, especially one that has broken off a larger piece.
(2). v. If something such as paint flakes, small thin pieces of it come off.
(3). phrase. If a food such as fish flakes, or if you flake it, it breaks into small thin pieces.
(4). phrase. If you flake out, you collapse, go to sleep, or totally relax because you are very tired.
Flake the tuna and add it to the sauce.
25. lease [li:s]
(1). n. A lease is a legal agreement by which the owner of a building, a piece of land, or something such as a car allows someone else to use it for a period of time in return for money.
(2). v. If you lease property or something such a car from someone or if they lease it to you, they allow you to use it in return for regular payments of money.
(3). phrase. If you say that someone or something has been given a new lease of life, you are emphasizing that they are muh more lively or successful than they have been in the past.
Her lease ends after graduation.
26. courteous [ˈkɜ:tiəs]
adj. Someone who is courteous is polite and respectful to other people.
Please keep this in mind: introduce yourself in a courteous manner.
27. detergent [dɪˈtɜ:dʒənt]
n. Detergent is a chemical substance, usually in the form of a powder or liquid, which is used for washing things such as clothes or dishes.
No detergent can remove these stains.
28. imprint [ɪmˈprɪnt]
(1). n. If something leaves an imprint on a place or on your mind, it has a strong and lasting effect on it.
(2). v. When something is imprinted on your memory, it is firmly fixed in your memory so that you will not forget it.
(3). n. An imprint is a mark or outline made by the pressure of one object on another.
(4). v. If a surface is imprinted with a mark or design, that mark or design is printed on the surface or pressed into it.
The terrible scenes were deeply imprinted on my mind.
Did you see the deep imprint of the big toe?
29. spontaneity [ˌspɒntəˈneɪəti]
n. Spontaneity is sponyaneous, natural behaviour.
In fact, the discernment which we are speaking of has an essential relationship with spontaneity.
30. mast [mɑ:st]
(1). n. The masts of a boat are the tall upright poles that support its sails.
(2). n. A radio mast is a tall upright structure that is used to transmit radio or television signals.
The ship lost its mast in the gale.
31. inanimate [ɪnˈænɪmət]
adj. An inanimate object is one that has no life.
A fable is usually a short tale featuring animals or inanimate objects that can talk and think like humans.
32. exhale [eksˈheɪl]
v. When you exhale, you breathe out the air that is in your lungs.
A diver must ascend slowly, never at a rate exceeding the rise of the exhaled air bubbles, and must exhale during ascent.
33. diversion [daɪˈvɜ:ʃn]
(1). n. A diversion is an action or event that attracts your attention away from what you are doing or concentrating on.
(2). n. A diversion is an activity that you do for pleasure.
(3). n. A diversion is a special route arranged for traffic to follow when the normal route cannot be used.
(4). n. The diversion of something involoves changing its course or destination.
Statistics showed that there was a diversion of funds from the manufacture to food industry in March.
34. absurd [əbˈsɜ:d]
adj. If you say that something is absurd, you are criticizing it because you think that it is ridiculous or that it does not make sense.
Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd.
34. exemplary [ɪgˈzempləri]
(1). adj. If you describe someone or something as exemplary, you think they are extremely good.
(2). adj. An exemplary punishment is unusually harsh and is intended to stop other people from committing similar crimes.
The exemplary function the hero in literary works seems to remain constant.
35. leftover [ˈleftəʊvə(r)]
(1). n. You can refer to food that has not been eaten after a meal as leftovers.
(2). adj. You use leftover to describe an amount of something that remains after the rest of it has been used or eaten.
(3). n. If you say that something is a leftover from a past period of time, you mean that it has its origin there and still exists even though most other things connected to that time have disappointed.
There weren't many leftovers from yesterday.
36. gravitational [ˌgrævɪˈteɪʃənl]
adj. Gravitational means relating to or resulting from the force of gravity.
Jupiter has a weaker gravitational force than the other planets.
Mars was captured by the gravitational field of the Sun.
整理自《柯林斯词典》、《新东方托福词汇》，侵删歉。