Go语言——sync.Once分析

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1.简介

sync.Once表示只执行一次函数。要做到这点,就需要两点:
(1)计数器,统计函数执行次数;
(2)线程安全,保障在多G情况下,函数仍然只执行一次,比如锁。

import (
   "sync/atomic"
)

// Once is an object that will perform exactly one action.
type Once struct {
   m    Mutex
   done uint32
}

Once结构体证明了之前的猜想,果然有两个变量。

// Do calls the function f if and only if Do is being called for the
// first time for this instance of Once. In other words, given
//     var once Once
// if once.Do(f) is called multiple times, only the first call will invoke f,
// even if f has a different value in each invocation. A new instance of
// Once is required for each function to execute.
//
// Do is intended for initialization that must be run exactly once. Since f
// is niladic, it may be necessary to use a function literal to capture the
// arguments to a function to be invoked by Do:
//     config.once.Do(func() { config.init(filename) })
//
// Because no call to Do returns until the one call to f returns, if f causes
// Do to be called, it will deadlock.
//
// If f panics, Do considers it to have returned; future calls of Do return
// without calling f.
//
func (o *Once) Do(f func()) {
   if atomic.LoadUint32(&o.done) == 1 {
      return
   }
   // Slow-path.
   o.m.Lock()
   defer o.m.Unlock()
   if o.done == 0 {
      defer atomic.StoreUint32(&o.done, 1)
      f()
   }
}

Do方法相当简单,但是也是有可以学习的地方。比如一些标志位可以通过原子操作表示,避免加锁,提高性能。Do方法实现过程如下:
(1)首先原子load函数执行次数,如果已经执行过了,就return;
(2)lock;
(3)执行函数;
(4)原子store函数执行次数1;
(5)unlock。

2.示例

package main

import (
        "fmt"
        "sync"
        "time"
)

var once sync.Once
var onceBody = func() {
    fmt.Println("Only once")
}

func main() {
        for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
                go func(i int) {
                        once.Do(onceBody)
                        fmt.Println("i=",i)
                }()
        }
        time.Sleep(time.Second) //睡眠1s用于执行go程,注意睡眠时间不能太短
}

程序运行输出:

Only once
i= 3
i= 6
i= 4
i= 5
i= 7
i= 0
i= 1
i= 2
i= 9
i= 8

从输出结果可以看出,尽管for循环每次都会调用once.Do()方法,但是函数onceBody()却只会被执行一次。

参考文献

[1]Go语言——sync.Once分析.简书
[2]Package sync.Go 编程语言官网

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转载自blog.csdn.net/K346K346/article/details/87622326