Go语言sync包中的WaitGroup使用实例

WaitGroup

它能够一直等到所有的goroutine执行完成，并且阻塞主线程的执行，直到所有的goroutine执行完成。

WaitGroup总共有三个方法

Add:添加或者减少等待goroutine的数量
Done:相当于Add(-1)
Wait:执行阻塞，直到所有的WaitGroup数量变成0

实践

实例1跟实例2代码区别：少了一行代码go func() {}()
实例1和实例3代码区别：runtime.GOMAXPROCS的入参不一样

实例1(顺序输出)

package main

import (
                "fmt"
                "sync"
                "runtime"
)

func main() {
                N := 26
                runtime.GOMAXPROCS(1)
                var waitGroup  sync.WaitGroup
                waitGroup.Add(2*N)
                for i := 1; i <= N; i++ {
                                go func(i int) {
                                                //defer waitGroup.Add(-1)
                                                defer waitGroup.Done()
                                                fmt.Printf("%c ", 96 + i)
                                }(i)
                }

                for i := 1; i <= N; i++ {
                                go func(i int)  {
                                                //defer waitGroup.Add(-1)
                                                defer waitGroup.Done()
                                                fmt.Printf("%c ", 64 + i)
                                }(i)
                }
                go func() {}()
                waitGroup.Wait()
}

运行结果

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

实例2（除了最后一个字母，其他字符顺序输出）

package main

import (
                "fmt"
                "sync"
                "runtime"
)

func main() {
                N := 26
                runtime.GOMAXPROCS(1)
                var waitGroup  sync.WaitGroup
                waitGroup.Add(2*N)
                for i := 1; i <= N; i++ {
                                go func(i int) {
                                                //defer waitGroup.Add(-1)
                                                defer waitGroup.Done()
                                                fmt.Printf("%c ", 96 + i)
                                }(i)
                }

                for i := 1; i <= N; i++ {
                                go func(i int)  {
                                                //defer waitGroup.Add(-1)
                                                defer waitGroup.Done()
                                                fmt.Printf("%c ", 64 + i)
                                }(i)
                }
                //go func() {}()
                waitGroup.Wait()
}

运行结果
Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y

实例3（乱序输出）

package main

import (
                "fmt"
                "sync"
                "runtime"
)

func main() {
                N := 26
                runtime.GOMAXPROCS(2)
                var waitGroup  sync.WaitGroup
                waitGroup.Add(2*N)
                for i := 1; i <= N; i++ {
                                go func(i int) {
                                                //defer waitGroup.Add(-1)
                                                defer waitGroup.Done()
                                                fmt.Printf("%c ", 96 + i)
                                }(i)
                }

                for i := 1; i <= N; i++ {
                                go func(i int)  {
                                                //defer waitGroup.Add(-1)
                                                defer waitGroup.Done()
                                                runtime.Gosched()
                                                fmt.Printf("%c ", 64 + i)
                                }(i)
                }
                go func() {}()
                waitGroup.Wait()
}