目录
前言
一本作者讲解他作为黑客的想法，编程方面的心得和创业的经验的书。
译者阮一峰对其评价挺高的，我历时三天读完，觉得确实开卷有益，名不虚传。
这本书讲述了一个技术人员的事业以及人生哲学的心得。
后续有机会自己买一本，可以时长翻翻。
ps：页码标注为句子在中文版的位置
作者 Paul Graham
博士学位，既是画家（哈佛艺术系） 又是程序员（哈佛计算机）还是学过哲学（康奈尔）以及写过小说。
但是终究没逃过生活的追捕，老老实实成为了程序员，才解决了自己的收入问题。
而后创业，创业公式就是尽快搭建原型，上线运营（不管bug），收集反馈，调整产品最终发展壮大。
他说：优秀的hacker 养成了一种质疑一切的习惯。
一 paul的自传
1.1 书呆子的成长
第一章讲nerds在学校的悲惨成长经历。
引用了名言：No art，however minor，demands less than dedication if you want to excel in it.
(任何事情，想变得强大就需要全力以赴。)
为啥小团体内喜欢勾心斗角？
He thinks the important thing about the real world is not that it's populated by adults,but that it is very large ,and
the things you do have real effects. （P9）
Where I grew up，it felt as if there was nowhere to go,and nothing to do.
This was no accident.
Suburbs are deliberately designed to exclude the outside world,because it contains things that could endanger children .(P10)
关于社会专业化（specialization）带来的教育时间变长。
As jobs become more specialized, we have to train longer for them.
Kids in pre-industrial times started working at about 14 at the latest; kids on frams,where most people lived.
Now kids who go to college don't start working full-time till 21 or 22.
With some degrees, like MDs and PhDs, you may not finish your training till 30.
关于现状和期望 （About states quo and expectations）
Merely understanding the situation they are in should make it less painful.（P17）
1.2 黑客与画家
关于论文发表
Number one,research must be original——and as anyone who have written a PhD dissertation knows，the way
to be sure you are exploring virgin territory is to stake out a piece of ground that no one wants.
Number two,research must be substantial-and awkward systems yield meatier papers, because you can write about the obstacles you have to overcome in order to get things done.
The way to create sth beautiful is often to make subtle tweaks to sth that already exists, or to combine existing ideas in a slightly new way。This kind of work is hard to convey in a research paper.（P20）
------------------------
Everyone in the sciences secretly believes that mathematicians are smarter than they are. I think mathematicians also
believe this.
At any rate, the result is that scientists tend to make their work look as mathematical as possible.
In a field like physics this probably doesn’t do much harm, but the further you get from the natural sciences, the more of a problem it becomes.（P22 ）
关于编码和创作（先搭骨架再填充）
I was taught in college that one ought to figure out a program completely on paper before even going near
a computer.
I found that I did not program this way.
I found hackers & painters that I liked to program sitting in front of a computer, not a piece of paper.
Worse still, instead of patiently writing out a complete program and assuring myself it was correct, I tended to just spew
out code that was hopelessly broken, and gradually beat it into shape.
Debugging, I was taught, was a kind of final pass where you caught typos and oversights.
The way I worked, it seemed like programming consisted of debugging.
For a long time I felt bad about this, just as I once felt bad that I didn’t hold my pencil the way they taught me to in elementary
school.
If I had only looked over at the other makers, the painters or the architects, I would have realized that there was a name for
what I was doing: sketching. （打草稿）
As far as I can tell, the way they taught me to program in college was all wrong.
You should figure out programs as you’re writing them, just as writers and paintersand architects do.（P22）
关于学习编程
The other way makers learn is from examples.
Hackers, likewise,can learn to program by looking at good programs-not just at what they do, but at the source code.
关于换位思考（换位思考不是失去自我，而是百战不殆。）Empathy is not to lose oneself， but to fight.
When I was a kid I was constantly being told to look at things from someone else’s point of view.
What this always meant in practice was to do what someone else wanted, instead of what I wanted.
This of course gave empathy a bad name, and I made a point of not cultivating it.
Boy, was I wrong. It turns out that looking at things from other people’s point of view is practically the secret of success.
hackers and painters Empathy doesn’t necessarily mean being self-sacrificing.
Far from it. Understanding how someone else sees things doesn’t imply that you’ll act in his interest; in some situations—in war, for example—you want to do exactly the opposite.
1.3 what you can't say
关于墨守成规( conformist )
Odds are you just think whatever you are told.
关于舆论 public opinion
A comfident group doesn't need taboos to protect it. （P42） 自信的团队不在意抨击。
关于异端 heresy
The statements that make people mad are the ones they worry might be believed.
I suspect the statements that make people maddest are those they worry might be true.（P36）
关于走出传统
Great work tends to grow out of ideas that others have overlooked, and no idea is so overlooked as one that’s unthinkable.（P44）
Whatever the reason, there seems a clear correlation between intelligence and willingness to consider shocking ideas.
This isn’t just because smart people actively work to find holes in conventional thinking.
Conventions also have less hold over them to start with. You can see that in the way they dress.（P45）
Training yourself to think unthinkable thoughts has advantages beyond the thoughts themselves.
It’s like stretching. When you stretch before running, you put your body into positions much more extreme than any it will assume during the run.
If you can think things so outside the box that they’d make people’s hair stand on end, you’ll have no trouble with the small trips outside the box that people call innovative.（P46）
关于守口如瓶（Tight-lipped）
The most important thing is to be able to think what you want,not to say what you want. And if you feel you have to say everything you think, it may inhibit you from thinking improper thoughts.
I think it’s better to follow the opposite policy. Draw a sharp line between your thoughts and your speech. Inside your head,
anything is allowed.
Within my head I make a point of encouraging the most outrageous thoughts I can imagine.
But, as in a secret society, nothing that happens within the building should be told to outsiders.
Closed thoughts and an open face. Smile at everyone, and don’t tell them what you’re thinking.（P47）
How can you see the wave, when you’re the water? Always be questioning.（P51）