直方图均衡化-python实现

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"""
@author: LiShiHang
@software: PyCharm
@file: 5.1.直方图均衡化.py
@time: 2018/12/24 16:02
@desc:
"""
import cv2 # 仅用于读取图像矩阵
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
import numpy as np

gray_level = 256  # 灰度级


def pixel_probability(img):
    """
    计算像素值出现概率
    :param img:
    :return:
    """
    assert isinstance(img, np.ndarray)

    prob = np.zeros(shape=(256))

    for rv in img:
        for cv in rv:
            prob[cv] += 1

    r, c = img.shape
    prob = prob / (r * c)

    return prob


def probability_to_histogram(img, prob):
    """
    根据像素概率将原始图像直方图均衡化
    :param img:
    :param prob:
    :return: 直方图均衡化后的图像
    """
    prob = np.cumsum(prob)  # 累计概率

    img_map = [int(i * prob[i]) for i in range(256)]  # 像素值映射

   # 像素值替换
    assert isinstance(img, np.ndarray)
    r, c = img.shape
    for ri in range(r):
        for ci in range(c):
            img[ri, ci] = img_map[img[ri, ci]]

    return img


def plot(y, name):
    """
    画直方图，len(y)==gray_level
    :param y: 概率值
    :param name:
    :return:
    """
    plt.figure(num=name)
    plt.bar([i for i in range(gray_level)], y, width=1)


if __name__ == '__main__':

    img = cv2.imread("source.jpg", 0)  # 读取灰度图

    prob = pixel_probability(img)
    plot(prob, "原图直方图")

    # 直方图均衡化
    img = probability_to_histogram(img, prob)
    cv2.imwrite("source_hist.jpg", img)  # 保存图像

    prob = pixel_probability(img)
    plot(prob, "直方图均衡化结果")

    plt.show()