Why life expectancy in America is down again
Overall life expectancy in America fell fractionally in 2017, from 78.7 to 78.6 years, according to data published recently by the US Centers for Disease Control. Underlying the drop was a bad year influenza and a slight increase in the toll of Alzheimer's disease. But more significant was an increase in suicides and overdose, which added 2.4 more deaths per 100000 Americans.
The figures make dramatic reading. In 1999, suicide took the lives of 10.5 Americans out of every 100000. That increased to 14 in 2017. In the intervening years, death rates from drug overdoses surged from 6.1 to 21.7 per 100000. Overdose deaths climbed 256% over that period.
Over the longer term, suicide rates are now at a historical high, but only a little higher than they were in 1950. But drug-overdose rates, which were well below five per 100000 people between 1950 and 1990, climbed above that rate by the turn of the century, and then spiked dramatically, reaching above 20 deaths per 100000 in 2017.
Christopher Ruhm, an economist at the University of Virginia, points to the importance of public health efforts to control the opioid epidemic. The recent experience of Dayton, Ohio backs him up: over the past year, opioid deaths have more than halved. Public health experts attribute that to a combination of Medicaid expansion, declining street availability of some of the most addictive opioids, and post-treatmetn support for recovering addicts.
In October, new legislation made it through Congress and was signed by President Donald Trump. It should help increase access to addiction treatment, and help rein in the over-prescription of opioids.
Key words
life expectancy, n.预期寿命
underlie, v.是...的深层原因；对...有重大影响
influenza, n.流感(flu的正式说法)
overdose, n.过量服药 | an overdose of sleeping pills
make for adj. reading, 读起来怎么样 | The story made for interesting reading.
take sb's life, 杀死某人
intervening, adj.发生于其间的
surge, v.激增，陡峭，剧烈上升 | house prices have surged
the turn of sth. 转折点；转变时期
point to, 指出(重要性)
opioid epidemic, 阿片类药物泛滥 | a flu epidemic
halve, v.减半
back sb. up, 支持；为某人作证 | Nothing to do with me! Xueli will back up.
make it through, 通过；熬过
rein in, 抑制，控制 | rein in a horse