直接上代码进行分析：
""" Convolutional Neural Network.
Build and train a convolutional neural network with TensorFlow.
This example is using the MNIST database of handwritten digits
(http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/)
Author: Aymeric Damien
Project: https://github.com/aymericdamien/TensorFlow-Examples/
"""
from __future__ import division, print_function, absolute_import
import tensorflow as tf
# Import MNIST data
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("tmp/data/", one_hot=True)
# Training Parameters
learning_rate = 0.001
num_steps = 200
batch_size = 128
display_step = 10
# Network Parameters
num_input = 784 # MNIST data input (img shape: 28*28)
num_classes = 10 # MNIST total classes (0-9 digits)
dropout = 0.75 # Dropout, probability to keep units
# tf Graph input
X = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, num_input])
Y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, num_classes])
keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32) # dropout (keep probability)
# Create some wrappers for simplicity
def conv2d(x, W, b, strides=1):
# Conv2D wrapper, with bias and relu activation
x = tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides=[1, strides, strides, 1], padding='SAME')
x = tf.nn.bias_add(x, b)
return tf.nn.relu(x)
def maxpool2d(x, k=2):
# MaxPool2D wrapper
return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1, k, k, 1], strides=[1, k, k, 1],
padding='SAME')
# Create model
def conv_net(x, weights, biases, dropout):
# MNIST data input is a 1-D vector of 784 features (28*28 pixels)
# Reshape to match picture format [Height x Width x Channel]
# Tensor input become 4-D: [Batch Size, Height, Width, Channel]
x = tf.reshape(x, shape=[-1, 28, 28, 1])
# Convolution Layer
conv1 = conv2d(x, weights['wc1'], biases['bc1'])
# Max Pooling (down-sampling)
conv1 = maxpool2d(conv1, k=2)
# Convolution Layer
conv2 = conv2d(conv1, weights['wc2'], biases['bc2'])
# Max Pooling (down-sampling)
conv2 = maxpool2d(conv2, k=2)
# Fully connected layer
# Reshape conv2 output to fit fully connected layer input
fc1 = tf.reshape(conv2, [-1, weights['wd1'].get_shape().as_list()[0]])
fc1 = tf.add(tf.matmul(fc1, weights['wd1']), biases['bd1'])
fc1 = tf.nn.relu(fc1)
# Apply Dropout
fc1 = tf.nn.dropout(fc1, dropout)
# Output, class prediction
out = tf.add(tf.matmul(fc1, weights['out']), biases['out'])
return out
# Store layers weight & bias
weights = {
# 5x5 conv, 1 input, 32 outputs
'wc1': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([5, 5, 1, 32])),
# 5x5 conv, 32 inputs, 64 outputs
'wc2': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([5, 5, 32, 64])),
# fully connected, 7*7*64 inputs, 1024 outputs
'wd1': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([7*7*64, 1024])),
# 1024 inputs, 10 outputs (class prediction)
'out': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([1024, num_classes]))
}
biases = {
'bc1': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([32])),
'bc2': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([64])),
'bd1': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([1024])),
'out': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([num_classes]))
}
# Construct model
logits = conv_net(X, weights, biases, keep_prob)
prediction = tf.nn.softmax(logits)
# Define loss and optimizer
loss_op = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
logits=logits, labels=Y))
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate)
train_op = optimizer.minimize(loss_op)
# Evaluate model
correct_pred = tf.equal(tf.argmax(prediction, 1), tf.argmax(Y, 1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_pred, tf.float32))
# Initialize the variables (i.e. assign their default value)
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
# Start training
with tf.Session() as sess:
# Run the initializer
sess.run(init)
for step in range(1, num_steps+1):
batch_x, batch_y = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
# Run optimization op (backprop)
sess.run(train_op, feed_dict={X: batch_x, Y: batch_y, keep_prob: 0.8})
if step % display_step == 0 or step == 1:
# Calculate batch loss and accuracy
loss, acc = sess.run([loss_op, accuracy], feed_dict={X: batch_x,
Y: batch_y,
keep_prob: 1.0})
print("Step " + str(step) + ", Minibatch Loss= " + \
"{:.4f}".format(loss) + ", Training Accuracy= " + \
"{:.3f}".format(acc))
print("Optimization Finished!")
# Calculate accuracy for 256 MNIST test images
print("Testing Accuracy:", \
sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={X: mnist.test.images[:256],
Y: mnist.test.labels[:256],
keep_prob: 1.0}))
tf.nn.conv2d(input, filter, strides, padding, use_cudnn_on_gpu=None, name=None）
第一个参数input：指需要做卷积的输入图像，它要求是一个Tensor，具有[batch, in_height, in_width, in_channels]这样的shape，具体含义是[训练时一个batch的图片数量, 图片高度, 图片宽度, 图像通道数]，注意这是一个4维的Tensor，要求类型为float32和float64其中之一，其中图像通道数：比如rgb24图像，通道数为3
第二个参数filter：相当于CNN中的卷积核，它要求是一个Tensor，具有[filter_height, filter_width, in_channels, out_channels]这样的shape，具体含义是[卷积核的高度，卷积核的宽度，图像通道数，输出通道in_channels
第三个参数strides：卷积时在图像每一维的步长，这是一个一维的向量，长度4
第四个参数padding：string类型的量，只能是"SAME","VALID"其中之一，这个值决定了不同的卷积方式（后面会介绍）
第五个参数：use_cudnn_on_gpu:bool类型，是否使用cudnn加速，默认为true
结果返回一个Tensor，这个输出，就是我们常说的feature map，shape仍然是[batch, height, width, channels]这种形式。
卷积的结果可以查看上一篇的卷积。这里就举个例子吧：
input = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([1,5,5,5])) =》数量1 图像高度5 宽度5 通道数5
filter = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([3,3,5,1]))==》卷积核高3 卷积核宽5 通道5 输出通道1
=》输出结果数量1 高3 宽3 通道数1
x = tf.nn.bias_add(x, b)
举个例子好理解一点：
a=tf.constant([[1,1],[2,2],[3,3]],dtype=tf.float32)
b=tf.constant([1,-1],dtype=tf.float32)
c=tf.constant([1],dtype=tf.float32)
with tf.Session() as sess:
print('bias_add:')
print(sess.run(tf.nn.bias_add(a, b)))
#执行下面语句错误
#print(sess.run(tf.nn.bias_add(a, c)))
print('add:')
print(sess.run(tf.add(a, c)))输出如下：
tf.nn.relu(x)
tf.nn.relu(features, name = None)
将大于0的数保持不变，小于0的数置为0。
举个例子：
a = tf.constant([-1.0, 2.0])
with tf.Session() as sess:
b = tf.nn.relu(a)
print (sess.run(b))输出：
tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1, k, k, 1], strides=[1, k, k, 1],
padding='SAME')
tf.nn.max_pool(value, ksize, strides, padding, name=None)
参数是四个，和卷积很类似：
第一个参数value：需要池化的输入，一般池化层接在卷积层后面，所以输入通常是feature map，依然是[batch, height, width, channels]这样的shape
第二个参数ksize：池化窗口的大小，取一个四维向量，一般是[1, height, width, 1]，因为我们不想在batch和channels上做池化，所以这两个维度设为了1
第三个参数strides：和卷积类似，窗口在每一个维度上滑动的步长，一般也是[1, stride,stride, 1]
第四个参数padding：和卷积类似，可以取'VALID' 或者'SAME'
返回一个Tensor，类型不变，shape仍然是[batch, height, width, channels]这种形式
举个例子：
示例源码：
假设有这样一张图，双通道
第一个通道：
第二个通道：
用程序去做最大值池化：
a=tf.constant([
[[1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0],
[5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0],
[8.0,7.0,6.0,5.0],
[4.0,3.0,2.0,1.0]],
[[4.0,3.0,2.0,1.0],
[8.0,7.0,6.0,5.0],
[1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0],
[5.0,6.0,7.0,8.0]]
])
a=tf.reshape(a,[1,4,4,2])
pooling=tf.nn.max_pool(a,[1,2,2,1],[1,1,1,1],padding='VALID')
with tf.Session() as sess:
print("image:")
image=sess.run(a)
print (image)
print("reslut:")
result=sess.run(pooling)
print (result) 输出为：
池化后的图就是：
