前面介绍了爬虫框架的一个实例，那个比较简单，这里在介绍一个实例
爬取 煎蛋网 妹子图，遗憾的是 上周煎蛋网还有妹子图了，但是这周妹子图变成了 随手拍，
不过没关系，我们爬图的目的是为了加强实战应用，管他什么图了先爬下来再说。
言归正传
这个实例，主要是讲将图片爬了下来，保存到本地，这个在上周已经实现了，这周有进一步做了讲图片信息保存到了数据库中。
代码结构
如上图
common 用来存放共代码，如上篇对数据库的操作进行了封装，这里直接就放到了common 文件夹下，方便调用。
紧接着下面两个文件夹是用来 存放爬取的图片的，第一个是 这周爬的 随手拍的图片，第二个是 妹子图的图片。
然后下面就是 爬虫文件了。
一下贴出 对应文件的代码
JdwSpider.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import base64 import scrapy import JianDanW.items as items from bs4 import BeautifulSoup class JdwspiderSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'JdwSpider' allowed_domains = ['jandan.net'] start_urls = ['http://jandan.net/ooxx/'] # start_urls = ['http://jandan.net/ooxx/page-1#comments'] def parse(self, response): item = items.JiandanwItem() # 通过 response.text 获取 html 源文件 html = response.text # 使用 lxml 解析器解析 html 此时 soup 为 html 样式文件。 soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml') # 查找 html 中的 img-hash 返回 包含 class="img-hash" 的 列表 tags = soup.select('.img-hash') imgUrlList = [] for tag in tags: # tag 为 <span class="img-hash">Ly93eDQuc2luYWltZy5jbi9tdzYwMC82NmIzZGUxN2d5MWZ4bzZqaXM0aWVqMjFtYTB1MHg2ci5qcGc=</span> # img_hash = Ly93eDQuc2luYWltZy5jbi9tdzYwMC82NmIzZGUxN2d5MWZ4bzZqaXM0aWVqMjFtYTB1MHg2ci5qcGc= img_hash = tag.text # img_hash 进行解密 为 //wx4.sinaimg.cn/mw600/66b3de17gy1fxo6jis4iej21ma0u0x6r.jpg img_url = base64.b64decode(img_hash).decode('utf-8') # 将结果加载到列表 imgUrlList.append(img_url) # print(img_urls) # 将列表复制给item 对应的 image_urls item['image_urls'] = imgUrlList yield item # 获取翻页 下一页 连接 p_url = response.xpath('//a[@class="previous-comment-page"]//@href').extract_first() # 如果存在下一页 if p_url: p_url = str(p_url) hurl = 'http:' page_url = hurl + p_url # 如果存在下一页，回调 parse 函数 yield scrapy.Request(page_url,callback=self.parse)
items.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define here the models for your scraped items # # See documentation in: # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html import scrapy class JiandanwItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() image_urls = scrapy.Field()#图片的链接
pipelines.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Define your item pipelines here # # Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting # See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html import os import urllib import common.DBHandle as DBHandle class JiandanwPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): # 数据库连接 host = '127.0.0.1' username = 'adil' password = 'helloyyj' database = 'AdilTest' port = 3306 DbHandle = DBHandle.DataBaseHandle(host, username, password, database, port) for image_url in item['image_urls']: # 截图图片链接 list_name = image_url.split('/') # 获取图片名称 file_name = list_name[len(list_name) - 1] # 图片名称 # 获取当前路径 currentPath = os.getcwd() # 拼接图片存放路径 file_path = os.path.join(currentPath,spider.name) # 如果图片路径不存在，创建该文件路径 if not os.path.exists(file_path): os.makedirs(file_path) # 补全图片路径 path_name = os.path.join(file_path,file_name) # 获取有效的url 因为 image_url = //wx4.sinaimg.cn/mw600/66b3de17gy1fxo6jis4iej21ma0u0x6r.jpg image_url = 'http:' + image_url # 此处执行 数据库插入，将 图片名称、url 插入到数据库 注意 这里的 values('占位符 一定要用 引号引起来，要不然执行不成功，血的教训') sql = "insert into JdwSpider(image_name,image_url) values ('%s','%s')" % (file_name,image_url) # 如果不执行插入，可以注释改该行代码 DbHandle.insertDB(sql) # 图片保存 with open(path_name, 'wb') as file_writer: conn = urllib.request.urlopen(image_url) # 下载图片 # 保存图片 file_writer.write(conn.read()) file_writer.close() # 关闭数据库 DbHandle.closeDb() return item
配置 setting.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Scrapy settings for JianDanW project # # For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or # commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation: # # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html # https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html BOT_NAME = 'JianDanW' SPIDER_MODULES = ['JianDanW.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'JianDanW.spiders' # Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent #USER_AGENT = 'JianDanW (+http://www.yourdomain.com)' # Obey robots.txt rules ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True # Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16) #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32 # Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay # See also autothrottle settings and docs DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 # The download delay setting will honor only one of: #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16 #CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16 # Disable cookies (enabled by default) #COOKIES_ENABLED = False # Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default) #TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False # Override the default request headers: #DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { # 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', # 'Accept-Language': 'en', #} # Enable or disable spider middlewares # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html #SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'JianDanW.middlewares.JiandanwSpiderMiddleware': 543, #} # Enable or disable downloader middlewares # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html #DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { # 'JianDanW.middlewares.JiandanwDownloaderMiddleware': 543, #} # Enable or disable extensions # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html #EXTENSIONS = { # 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None, #} # Configure item pipelines # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html ITEM_PIPELINES = { 'JianDanW.pipelines.JiandanwPipeline': 300, } # Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html #AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True # The initial download delay #AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5 # The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies #AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60 # The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to # each remote server #AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0 # Enable showing throttling stats for every response received: #AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False # Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default) # See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings #HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True #HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0 #HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache' #HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = [] #HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
遇到的问题
因为煎蛋网 使用了反爬虫策略，所以导致 常规的爬虫 失败
需要增加 url 解密操作，具体 爬虫代码里有介绍
关于数据库操作的封装请看上篇介绍。
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