cobbler批量自动化安装系统

其他 2018-10-31 21:52:00 阅读次数: 0
版权声明：未经本人允许严禁转载 https://blog.csdn.net/WanJiaBaoBao/article/details/83472278

搭建说明

  • 防火墙、selinux已关闭，并将防火墙设置为禁止开机自动启动
  • 配置文件/etc/selinux/conf中SELINUX=disabled，并重新启动服务器（selinux没关闭会导致实验出现问题）
  • 服务器所用的IP地址为：192.168.91.131/24

搭建步骤

  • 配置网络源，并安装epel-release源
[root@localhost ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2523  100  2523    0     0  11187      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 11263
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
  • 安装cobbler所需的依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart

注：cobbler-web可以选择不安装，cobbler可以通过网页进行配置，不安装web界面则全手工安装，本次两种方法都进行展示
  • 启动服务，并设置开机制动启动
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -ntlp
State       Recv-Q Send-Q               Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port 
LISTEN      0      5                        127.0.0.1:25151                           *:*      users:(("cobblerd",3293,9))
LISTEN      0      128                             :::443                            :::*      users:(("httpd",3255,6),("httpd",3254,6),("httpd",3253,6),("httpd",3252,6),("httpd",3251,6),("httpd",3249,6))
LISTEN      0      128                             :::80                             :::*      users:(("httpd",3255,4),("httpd",3254,4),("httpd",3253,4),("httpd",3252,4),("httpd",3251,4),("httpd",3249,4))
  • 修改/etc/cobbler/settings配置文件的IP地址为本机IP地址
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's/^(server: ).*/\1192.168.91.131/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
  • 修改/etc/cobbler/settings配置文件，设置tftp为本机的IP地址
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's/^(next_server: ).*/\1192.168.91.131/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
  • 修改/etc/xinetd.d/tftp配置文件，开启tftp功能
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
  • 重新启动cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
  • 下载缺失文件（如遇错误请看文档最下面）
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2018-10-28_183455_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sun Oct 28 18:34:55 2018)
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
*** TASK COMPLETE ***      ##看到说明成功
  • 启动rsync并设置开机自动启动
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
  • 生成加密密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" '123456'
$1$6043$P1MntIr6t46TrT2g8xVVf/
  • 将新密码加入到/etc/cobbler/settings配置文件中，并重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings 
# and put the output between the "" below.
default_password_crypted: "$1$6043$P1MntIr6t46TrT2g8xVVf/"

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
  • 通过cobbler check命令检查当前配置是否出现问题（1,2问题忽略）
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
  • 配置dhcp，修改/etc/cobbler/settings配置文件来控制dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/^manage_dhcp/s/0/1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/^manage_dhcp/p' /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1
  • 配置DHCP，修改/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.91.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.91.131;    ##路由地址
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.91.131;    ##DNS地址
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.91.100 192.168.91.254;    ##DHCP地址池
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
  • 重启服务并同步配置，改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-10-28_191055_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Oct 28 19:10:55 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
  • 启动dhcp服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start dhcpd
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep dhcp
dhcpd      3040  0.0  0.7  97368  7532 ?        Ss   19:10   0:00 /usr/sbin/dhcpd -f -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf -user dhcpd -group dhcpd --no-pid
  • 查看监听端口
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           3040/dhcpd
  • 导入redhat镜像（将挂在好的光盘或者U盘中的镜像导入进来）
    注：此命令需要等待时间
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=rhel-7.4 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2018-10-28_192046_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Oct 28 19:20:46 2018)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64:
creating new distro: rhel-7.4-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel-7.4-x86_64
creating new profile: rhel-7.4-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64 for rhel-7.4-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/addons/HighAvailability/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

## 注：--path    //镜像路径
--name	  //未导入的镜像定义一个名字
--arch		//镜像平台架构
重复导入相同名字会提示失败
  • 查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   rhel-7.4-x86_64

profiles:
   rhel-7.4-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:
  • 创建kickstarts自动安装脚本（此脚本可以参照/root/anaconda-ks.cfg）
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7.4-x86_64.ks
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.91.131/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
$SNIPPET('network_config')
reboot
rootpw --iscrypted $6$0uSBV759YkIm5gCr\$cGk/GEeaapEAsN/5fwGjJ3.2Q6UzmLW8ctbXNz0xslxu6MhrNdZqCFf0hyN8NhSayyMQiHndruIj/aKsAJwOX/
selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr
%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
  • 检查ks文件语法是否有错误
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2018-10-28_200030_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Sun Oct 28 20:00:30 2018)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.91.131/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7.4-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.91.131/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7.4-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
  • 查看当前有哪些配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
   rhel-7.4-x86_64
  • 修改profile，将新建的文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7.4-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7.4-x86_64.ks
  • 配置网卡名称，将网卡名称改为传统的网卡名称eth0
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7.4-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
  • 检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : rhel-7.4-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : rhel-7.4-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7.4-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm
  • 同步cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-10-28_200920_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Oct 28 20:09:20 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7.4-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7.4-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7.4-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7.4-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7.4-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7.4-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7.4-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7.4-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7.4-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7.4-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7.4-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
  • 为避免发生问题，重启服务端所有的服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart dhcpd
  • 在客户端上，打开电源，出现如下画面则成功
    在这里插入图片描述

出现的问题

  • 问题一：（下载缺失文件错误）
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2018-10-28_182135_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sun Oct 28 18:21:35 2018)
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
path /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo already exists, not overwriting existing content, use --force if you wish to update
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
Exception occured: <class 'urlgrabber.grabber.URLGrabError'>
Exception value: [Errno 14] curl#35 - "Peer reports incompatible or unsupported protocol version."
Exception Info:
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 82, in run
    rc = self._run(self)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/remote.py", line 176, in runner
    return self.remote.api.dlcontent(self.options.get("force",False), self.logger)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/api.py", line 735, in dlcontent
    return grabber.run(force)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/action_dlcontent.py", line 73, in run
    urlgrabber.grabber.urlgrab(src, filename=dst, proxies=proxies)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 755, in urlgrab
    return default_grabber.urlgrab(url, filename, **kwargs)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 1201, in urlgrab
    return _run_callback(opts.failfunc, opts)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 1052, in _run_callback
    return cb(obj)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py", line 1046, in _do_raise
    raise obj.exception

!!! TASK FAILED !!!

通过cobbler check命令后发现如下问题：

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
2 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl

## 注：3,5不管，第四个问题之后会进行解决 ##
3 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
4 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
5 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

解决办法：

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd

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