游戏中的设计模式七（建造者模式）

好久没有更新设计模式系列教程了

本文给大家介绍建造者模式

博客地址：blog.liujunliang.com.cn

写在前面

在创建游戏对象时往往一个对象伴随着多个属性或创建逻辑

此时为了构建这个复杂的游戏对象将各个部分的逻辑进行分离（与工厂模式最主要的作用区别）

案例分析

建造者类

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;


/// <summary>
/// 建造者模式的建造者角色
/// </summary>
public abstract class IBuilder
{
    public ICharacter character { get; set; }
    public abstract void AddAttribute();
    public abstract void AddCharacterGameobject();
    public abstract void AddWeaponGameObject();
    public abstract ICharacter ResultCharacter();
}

具体士兵建造者类

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using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class SliderBuilder : IBuilder
{
    public SliderBuilder()
    {
        character = new SliderCharacter();
    }

    public override void AddAttribute()
    {
        character.SetAttribute();
    }

    public override void AddCharacterGameobject()
    {
        character.SetCharacter();
    }

    public override void AddWeaponGameObject()
    {
        character.SetWeapon();
    }

    public override ICharacter ResultCharacter()
    {
        Debug.Log("成功创建士兵");
        return character;
    }
}

具体敌人建造者类

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class EnemyBuilder : IBuilder
{
    public EnemyBuilder()
    {
        character = new EnemyCharacter();
    }

    public override void AddAttribute()
    {
        character.SetAttribute();
    }

    public override void AddCharacterGameobject()
    {
        character.SetCharacter();
    }

    public override void AddWeaponGameObject()
    {
        character.SetWeapon();
    }

    public override ICharacter ResultCharacter()
    {
        Debug.Log("成功创建敌人");
        return character;
    }
}

导演类

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

/// <summary>
/// 建造者模式的导演角色
/// </summary>
public class Director : MonoBehaviour
{
    public static ICharacter ConstructCharacter(IBuilder builder)
    {
        builder.AddAttribute();
        builder.AddCharacterGameobject();
        builder.AddWeaponGameObject();

        return builder.ResultCharacter();
    }
}

产品类

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

/// <summary>
/// 建造者模式的产品角色
/// </summary>
public abstract class ICharacter
{
    public abstract void SetAttribute();
    public abstract void SetCharacter();
    public abstract void SetWeapon();
}

士兵类

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class SliderCharacter:ICharacter
{
    public string name { get; set; }
    public string characterPrefabPath { get; set; }
    public string weaponPrefabPath { get; set; }
    public GameObject characterGameObject { get; set; }
    public GameObject weaponGameObject { get; set; }


    public override void SetAttribute()
    {
        name = "Slider";
        characterPrefabPath = "SliderCharacterPrefabPath";
        weaponPrefabPath = "SliderWeaponPrefabPath";
    }

    public override void SetCharacter()
    {
       // characterGameObject = GameObject.Instantiate(Resources.Load(characterPrefabPath) as GameObject);
    }

    public override void SetWeapon()
    {
       // characterGameObject = GameObject.Instantiate(Resources.Load(weaponPrefabPath) as GameObject);
    }
}

敌人类

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class EnemyCharacter : ICharacter
{
    public string name { get; set; }
    public string characterPrefabPath { get; set; }
    public string weaponPrefabPath { get; set; }
    public GameObject characterGameObject { get; set; }
    public GameObject weaponGameObject { get; set; }


    public override void SetAttribute()
    {
        name = "Enemy";
        characterPrefabPath = "EnemyCharacterPrefabPath";
        weaponPrefabPath = "EnemyWeaponPrefabPath";
    }

    public override void SetCharacter()
    {
       // characterGameObject = GameObject.Instantiate(Resources.Load(characterPrefabPath) as GameObject);
    }

    public override void SetWeapon()
    {
       // characterGameObject = GameObject.Instantiate(Resources.Load(weaponPrefabPath) as GameObject);
    }
}

测试

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class BuilderDesigner : MonoBehaviour
{
    private void Start()
    {
        ICharacter slider = Director.ConstructCharacter(new SliderBuilder());
        ICharacter enemy = Director.ConstructCharacter(new EnemyBuilder());
    }    
}

模式分析

模式定义：建造者模式是设计模式的一种，将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示

模式优点：封装性很好、很容易的进行扩展

与工厂模式的对比：

同：

一般来说，创建的对象比较复杂时候用工厂模式，更复杂时候就用建造者模式

异：

工厂模式是将一个对象的全部创建过程封装在工厂类中，由于工厂类向客户端提供最终的产品；

而建造者模式中，建造者类一般只提供产品类中各个组件的建造，而将具体建造逻辑过程交付给导演类。

由于导演类负责将各个组件按照特定的规则组件为产品，然后将组件好的产品对象交付给客户端