Java集合Map-HashTable

Java集合Map-HashTable

一、简介

   1)基于哈希表实现的,是线程安全的map集合,可以用于多线程环境,但是效率比较低下。Value不能为空。

   2)HashTable实现了Serializable接口,支持序列化,实现了Cloneable,Map接口。同时也继承了Dictionary父类。

   3)当table的实际数量count超过分配容量的0.75时,新建一个Entry[]是原先的两倍,并且重新Hash(rehash)

二、属性

private transient Entry<?,?>[] table;
//tabled的键值对个数
private transient int count;
//阈值,用于判断是否需要HashTable容量
private int threshold;
//加载因子默认是0.75
private float loadFactor;
//HashTable被改变的次数
private transient int modCount = 0;
//序列化版本
rivate static final long serialVersionUID = 1421746759512286392L;
Entry类
private static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
    int hash;
    K key;
    V value;
    // 指向的下一个Entry,即链表的下一个节点
    Entry<K,V> next; 

    // 构造函数
    protected Entry(int hash, K key, V value, Entry<K,V> next) {
        this.hash = hash;
        this.key = key;
        this.value = value;
        this.next = next;
    }

    protected Object clone() {
        return new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value,
              (next==null ? null : (Entry<K,V>) next.clone()));
    }

    public K getKey() {
        return key;
    }

    public V getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    // 设置value。若value是null,则抛出异常。
    public V setValue(V value) {
        if (value == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();

        V oldValue = this.value;
        this.value = value;
        return oldValue;
    }

    // 覆盖equals()方法,判断两个Entry是否相等。
    // 若两个Entry的key和value都相等,则认为它们相等。
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
            return false;
        Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o;

        return (key==null ? e.getKey()==null : key.equals(e.getKey())) &&
           (value==null ? e.getValue()==null : value.equals(e.getValue()));
    }

    public int hashCode() {
        return hash ^ (value==null ? 0 : value.hashCode());
    }

    public String toString() {
        return key.toString()+"="+value.toString();
    }
}

三、方法

   1.synchronzied V put(K key, V value) 

public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {
        // Make sure the value is not null
        if (value == null) {  //value不能为空
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }

        // Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
        Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
        int hash = key.hashCode(); //计算key的hashCode值
        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length; //获取keyd的hashCode后获得非符号位的数值
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Entry<K,V> entry = (Entry<K,V>)tab[index];
        for(; entry != null ; entry = entry.next) {
            if ((entry.hash == hash) && entry.key.equals(key)) { //如果存在相同的hash值和key,那么将替换旧的值
                V old = entry.value;
                entry.value = value;
                return old; //返回
            }
        }

        addEntry(hash, key, value, index); //不然则添加一个entry
        return null;
    }
private void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int index) {
        modCount++; //修改次数加一

        Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
        if (count >= threshold) { //判断当先table的数量是否大于阈值
            // Rehash the table if the threshold is exceeded
            rehash(); 

            tab = table; 
            hash = key.hashCode();//重新计算后的hashCode
            index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length; //计算key的index位置
        }

        // Creates the new entry.
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 
        Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>) tab[index];  //将index位置的Entry保存
        tab[index] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e); //创建一个新的Entry节点,并添加到table中
        count++; //数量加一
    }
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    protected void rehash() {
        int oldCapacity = table.length;
        Entry<?,?>[] oldMap = table;//将原先的table,创建给一个数组

        // overflow-conscious code
        int newCapacity = (oldCapacity << 1) + 1;  //新数组容量扩充为2倍+1
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) { /判断不能大于MAX_ARRAY_SIZE值
            if (oldCapacity == MAX_ARRAY_SIZE)
                // Keep running with MAX_ARRAY_SIZE buckets
                return;
            newCapacity = MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
        }
        Entry<?,?>[] newMap = new Entry<?,?>[newCapacity];  //创建一个newCapacity大小的Entry数组

        modCount++;
        threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAX_ARRAY_SIZE + 1);
        table = newMap;

        for (int i = oldCapacity ; i-- > 0 ;) {  //遍历旧的数组,将数据复制到新的数组里面,并且重新计算index和hashCode
            for (Entry<K,V> old = (Entry<K,V>)oldMap[i] ; old != null ; ) {
                Entry<K,V> e = old;
                old = old.next;

                int index = (e.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % newCapacity;
                e.next = (Entry<K,V>)newMap[index];
                newMap[index] = e;
            }
        }
    }

   2.synchrozied V  get(Object key)

 public synchronized V get(Object key) {
        Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
        int hash = key.hashCode();//计算key的hashCode和index索引值
        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
        for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
            if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) { //找出key对应的Entry链表中hash和key都相等的元素
                return (V)e.value;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

3.contains/containsKey/containsValue实现原理基本相同

public synchronized boolean contains(Object value) {
        if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }

        Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
        for (int i = tab.length ; i-- > 0 ;) {
            for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
                if (e.value.equals(value)) { //判断value值是否相同
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
  public synchronized boolean containsKey(Object key) {
        Entry<?,?> tab[] = table;
        int hash = key.hashCode();
        int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
        for (Entry<?,?> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
            if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }





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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_28126793/article/details/79599770