GUI

1. 概念

是什么

Graphical User Interface，图形用户界面，它的两个核心库：Swing、Awt。
组件
1. 窗口
2. 弹窗
3. 面板
4. 文本框
5. 列表框
6. 按钮
7. 图片
8. 监听事件
9. 鼠标
为什么学习它
- 自己制造一些小工具（外挂、破解工具）
- 维护Swing界面
- 了解MVC架构中的监听机制

2. AWT

2.1 概述

抽象窗口工具，包含了很多类和接口。
元素：窗口、按钮、文本框…

2.2 组件和容器

在这里插入图片描述

1. Frame

package com.itlxs.GUI;
import java.awt.*;
public class FrameDemo {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        //创建一个窗口
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的窗口");
        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setBounds(100,100,300,300);
        //设置窗口的背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(Color.blue);
        //设置窗口不可拉伸
        frame.setResizable(false);
        //设置窗口可见
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

注：此时不能关闭窗口。

2. 面板Panel

package com.itlxs.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;

public class PanelDemo {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);
        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(Color.black);
        //坐标相对于Frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,100,100);
        panel.setBackground(Color.blue);
        frame.add(panel);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //监听时间监听窗口关闭
        //适配器模式：实现接口中的某一个方法
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
    
    
            @Override
            //窗口关闭的时候需要做的事情
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
    
    
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

注：解决了窗口关闭问题。

3. 布局

***Frame.pack()***是JAVA语言的一个函数，这个函数的作用就是根据窗口里面的布局及组件的preferredSize来确定frame的最佳大小。

流式布局（Flow）

package com.itlxs.GUI;

import java.awt.*;

public class LayoutButtonDemo {
      
      
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
      
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        //设为流式布局(装到窗口的组件以流式排列)
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        //添加按钮
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

东西南北中(Border)

package com.itlxs.GUI;

import java.awt.*;

public class LayoutButtonDemo {
      
      
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
      
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //组件-按钮
        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");
     	//添加按钮
        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
       
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

表格布局（Grid）

package com.itlxs.GUI;

import java.awt.*;

public class LayoutButtonDemo {
      
      
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
      
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //组件-按钮
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
        //设为表格布局
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
        //添加按钮
        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);
 
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

4. 事件监听

当发生了某些事情后，要干什么。

package com.itlxs.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class ListenerDemo {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("end");
		//设置按钮信息，不设置取默认值
        button2.setActionCommand("button2-end");
		//监听按钮，被点击触发事件
        MyMoniter myMoniter = new MyMoniter();
        button.addActionListener(myMoniter);
        button2.addActionListener(myMoniter);
		//添加按钮
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
    public static void windowClose(Frame frame){
    
    
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
    
    
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyMoniter implements ActionListener{
    
    

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    
    
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了");
        System.out.println("msg=>"+e.getActionCommand());
    }
}

5. 文本框

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TextFieldDemo {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        new MyFrame1();
    }
}

class MyFrame1 extends Frame{
    
    
    public MyFrame1(){
    
    
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);
        //监听文本框，按下enter键触发事件
        MyListenner myListenner = new MyListenner();
        textField.addActionListener(myListenner);
        //设置替换编码，即加密你输入的内容
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        setVisible(true);
        pack();

    }
}

class MyListenner implements ActionListener{
    
    

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    
    
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();
        System.out.println(field.getText());
        //设置文本框内容为空字符串，相当于清空文本框
        field.setText("");
    }
}

6. 简易计算机（练习）

完全面向对象，组合知识

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class CalculatorDemo {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        new Calculator1().Calculate();
    }
}
//实现简单的加法
class Calculator1 extends Frame{
    
    
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
	//方法
    public void Calculate(){
    
    
        //三个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(10);
        //按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        //标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //给等号按钮标签绑定监听事件
        MyCalculatorListener myCalculatorListener = new MyCalculatorListener(this);
       button.addActionListener(myCalculatorListener);
       //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    
    
    //组合：它不是继承，它大于继承，它是在一个类中组合另一个类、使用另一个类。
    Calculator1 calculator = null;

    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator1 calculator){
    
    
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    
    
        //1.获取前两个文本框的值
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        //2.将获取的值相加的值，输出第三个文本框
        calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3.清除前两个文本框
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

内部类，进行更好的包装

package com.itlxs.GUI;


import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class CalculatorDemo {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        new Calculator1().Calculate();
    }
}

class Calculator1 extends Frame{
    
    
    TextField num1,num2,num3;

    public void Calculate(){
    
    
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(10);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //给等号标签绑定监听事件
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
//  内部类的最大好处就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部类的属性和方法
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    
    

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    
    
            //1.获取前两个文本框的值
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            //2.将获取的值相加的值，输出第三个文本框
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            //3.清除前两个文本框
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

7. 画笔

package com.itlxs.GUI;

import java.awt.*;

public class PaintDemo {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
    
    

    public void loadFrame(){
    
    
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
    
    
       //画笔要有颜色
        g.setColor(Color.cyan);
        //(x,y)为图形的中心点
        //画矩形，空心的
        g.drawRect(100,100,100,100);
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        //实心的
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);

    }
}

8. 鼠标监听

package com.itlxs.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class PaintDemo {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
    
    

    ArrayList points;

    public void loadFrame(){
    
    
        points = new ArrayList();
        //1.添加鼠标监听事件
        addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
    
    
        //4.画画，监听鼠标事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
    
    
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.cyan);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    //3.添加界面上的点到集合中
    public void addPoint(Point point){
    
    
        points.add(point);
    }
    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
    
    
        //鼠标监听：按下，弹开，按住不放
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
    
    
            //2.获取当前窗口鼠标点击的位置，将其记录在集合中
            MyPaint frame = (MyPaint) e.getSource();
            frame.addPoint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
            frame.repaint();//这里调用画笔
        }
    }
}

9. 窗口监听

10. 键盘监听

4. 总结

Frame是一个顶级窗口
Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中
布局管理
- 流式
- 东西南北中
- 表格

3. Swing

它相当于Awt的儿子，具有更强大的功能。

3.1 窗口

package com.itlxs.GUI;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        new MyJFrame().init();
    }
}

class MyJFrame extends JFrame{
    
    

    //初始化
    public void init(){
    
    
        this.setBounds(10,10,200,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setVisible(true);
        //生成标签并居中
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎来祖安！");
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        //容器实例化
        Container container = this.getContentPane();//相当于把窗口实例化为一个能装东西的容器。
        container.setBackground(Color.cyan);
        container.add(jLabel);
    }
}

注：与Frame生成窗口不同的是，他需要实例化窗口。

3.2 弹窗

一种特殊的窗口

package com.itlxs.GUI;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class JDialogDemo extends JFrame {
    
    
    public JDialogDemo(){
    
    
        setBounds(100,100,600,600);
        setVisible(true);
        //实例化窗口，装东西
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        container.setBackground(Color.cyan);
        container.setLayout(null);//绝对布局：可以自己设置组件的位置
        //给按钮添加单击事件
        JButton jButton = new JButton("弹窗");
        jButton.setBounds(30,30,100,100);
        jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
    
    
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(jButton);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        new JDialogDemo();
    }
}
//弹窗
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    
    
    public MyDialogDemo(){
    
    
        this.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        this.setBackground(Color.black);
        this.setVisible(true);
        //实例化弹窗
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        JLabel label = new JLabel("弹窗成功");
        label.setBounds(20,30,100,100) ;
        container.setBackground(Color.cyan);
        container.add(label);
    }
}

3.3 图标

Icon

package com.itlxs.GUI;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
      
      
    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo(){
      
      
    }

    public IconDemo(int width,int height){
      
      
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    }

    public void init(){
      
      
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
        //图标可以放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上
        //给标签设置图标
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
        //设置可见
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
      
        new IconDemo().init();
    }
    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
      
      
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
      
      
        return width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
      
      
        return height;
    }
}

ImageIcon

package com.itlxs.GUI;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame{
      
      
    public ImageIconDemo(){
      
      
        //获取图片的地址
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("cloud2.jpg");
        //创建图标,添加到标签上
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        //实例化窗口
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
        //窗口基本设置
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100,200,300,340);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
      
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

setSize与setBounds的区别

3.4 面板

Jpanel

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame{
      
      
    public JPanelDemo(){
      
      
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));
		//创建面板
        JPanel jPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));
        JPanel jPane2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
        JPanel jPane3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,3));
		//添加按钮
        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPane2.add(new JButton("2"));
        jPane2.add(new JButton("2"));
        jPane3.add(new JButton("3"));
        jPane3.add(new JButton("3"));
        jPane3.add(new JButton("3"));
        jPane3.add(new JButton("3"));
        jPane3.add(new JButton("3"));
        jPane3.add(new JButton("3"));
        container.add(jPanel);
        container.add(jPane2);
        container.add(jPane3);
        //基本设置
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100,100,150,250);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
      
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

ScrollPanel：带滚动条的面板

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
      
      
    public JScrollDemo(){
      
      
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //文本域
        TextArea textArea = new TextArea(10, 50);
        textArea.setText("这是文本域");
        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(jScrollPane);
        //基本设置
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,200,300,350);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
      
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

3.5 按钮

普通按钮

public class JButtonDemo2 extends JFrame {
      
      
    public JButtonDemo2(){
      
      
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //获取图标,把图片路径放在src下
        URL resource = JButtonDemo2.class.getResource("cloud2.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
        //生成普通按钮，
        JButton jbutton1 = new JButton("jbutton1");
        jbutton1.setIcon(icon);
        container.add(jbutton1);
        //基本设置
        setSize(300,400);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
      
        new JButtonDemo2();
    }
}

单选按钮

public class JButtonDemo2 extends JFrame {
      
      
    public JButtonDemo2(){
      
      
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //获取图标,把图片路径放在src下
        URL resource = JButtonDemo2.class.getResource("cloud2.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("radioButton1");
        JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("radioButton2");
        JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("radioButton3");
        //由于只能选择一个，要对其分组，是分组中的只能选择一个
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton3);
        container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        //基本设置
        setSize(300,400);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
      
      
        new JButtonDemo2();
    }
}

复选按钮

        //生成多选框按钮
	Checkbox checkbox1 = new Checkbox("checkbox1");
    Checkbox checkbox2 = new Checkbox("checkbox2");
		//添加到容器
    container.add(checkbox1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
    container.add(checkbox2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

3.6 下拉框，列表框

下拉框

public class ComboDemo extends JFrame{
      
      
    public ComboDemo(){
      
      
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
		//生成
        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
		//设置内容
        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("已下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");
        container.add(status);
        //基本设置
        setSize(300,400);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
      
        new ComboDemo();
    }

列表框

	//生成列表内容
	String[] contents = {
      
      "111","222","333"};
	//生成列表
	JList jList = new JList(contents);
    container.add(jList);
//--------------------------------------------
	//动态生成内容
	Vector contents = new Vector();
	JList jList = new JList(contents);
	contents.add("1111");
	contents.add("2222");
	contents.add("3333");
    container.add(jList);

应用场景：

用于选择诸如地区之类的，或者一些单个选项
列表，用于展示信息，一般是动态扩容

3.7 文本框，密码框，文本域

文本框 JTextField

public class JTextDemo extends JFrame{
      
      
    public JTextDemo(){
      
      
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
		//生成
        JTextField textField1 = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world",20);
		//添加
        container.add(textField1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        //基本设置
        setSize(300,400);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      
      
        new JTextDemo();
    }
}

密码框 JPasswordField

        //生成
	JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
    jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');//设置
		//添加
    container.add(jPasswordField,BorderLayout.NORTH);

文本域 JTextArea

	//生成
	TextArea textArea = new TextArea(10, 50);
    textArea.setText("这是文本域");

Gui（图形用户界面）编程详解，从Awt到Swing，

GUI