SpringMVC专栏第01篇 - 快速入门

SpringMVC入门(重点)

案例-SpringMVC的快速入门

1.需求

​ 浏览器请求服务器(SpringMVC)里面HelloController，会打印一句话, 然后响应跳转到成功页面

2.分析

1. 创建Maven工程(war),导入坐标
2. 创建HelloController类, 添加注解, 定义方法
3. 创建springmvc.xml(开启包扫描,视图解析器)
4. 配置web.xml

3.实现

3.1 创建web项目,引入坐标

	<!-- 版本锁定 -->
	<properties>
		<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.5</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
			<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.0</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
        
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
          <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
          <version>1.18.12</version>
    	</dependency>
	</dependencies>

3.2编写HelloController

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    
    

    @RequestMapping(value="/hello/sayHello")
    public String sayHello(){
    
    
        System.out.println("HelloController 的 sayHello 方法执行了。。。。 ");
        return "success";
    }
}

3.3编写SpringMVC的配置文件

• 在classpath目录下创建applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--1. 配置spring创建容器时要扫描的包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima"></context:component-scan>
    
    <!--2. 加载mvc注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!--3. 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

3.4在web.xml里面配置核心控制器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- 配置初始化参数，用于读取 SpringMVC 的配置文件 -->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- 配置 servlet 的对象的创建时间点：应用加载时创建。取值只能是非 0 正整数，表示启动顺序 -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3.5测试

浏览器地址栏访问:http://localhost:8080/hello/sayHello

4.小结

1. 创建Maven工程(war), 导入坐标
2. 创建Controller类, 创建一个方法, 添加注解
3. 创建springmvc.xml(开启包扫描, 注册视图解析器)
4. 配置web.xml(前端控制器)