如何通过三维坐标在CAD里输出三维模型

模型展示

在这里插入图片描述下面教大家如何通过实际测量出的三维点坐标，在CAD中用一些自己编写的快捷键输出线、面、体。

利用CAD的Visual Lisp编写程序

1.直接画线

Visual LISP编辑器 是CAD常用的二次开发工具，它就在CAD里，见下图
在这里插入图片描述

1.打开Visual LISP编辑器；
2. 拷贝下面的代码，此代码是画两条三维线，然后保存；

(defun c:hual()
  (setvar "cmdecho" 0) 
  (setvar "blipmode" 0)
  (setvar "dimzin" 0)
  (vl-load-com)
  (setq path "D:/")
  (setq g1(getfiled "选择数据文件" path "txt" 0))
  (setq g2(open g1 "r")) 
  (setq i 1)
  (while (<= i 120) 
   (setq f1 (read-line g2))
   (eval (read(strcat "(setq s" (rtos i)  " "  (vl-prin1-to-string f1) ")")))
   (setq i(+ i 1))
   )
   (setq s1 (vlax-make-variant s1 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s1(vlax-variant-value s1))
   (setq s2 (vlax-make-variant s2 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s2(vlax-variant-value s2))
   (setq s3 (vlax-make-variant s3 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s3(vlax-variant-value s3))
   (setq s4 (vlax-make-variant s4 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s4(vlax-variant-value s4))
   (setq s5 (vlax-make-variant s5 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s5(vlax-variant-value s5))
   (setq s6 (vlax-make-variant s6 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s6(vlax-variant-value s6))
   (setq s7 (vlax-make-variant s7 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s7(vlax-variant-value s7))
   (setq s8 (vlax-make-variant s8 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s8(vlax-variant-value s8))
   (setq s9 (vlax-make-variant s9 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s9(vlax-variant-value s9))
   (setq s10(vlax-make-variant s10 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s10(vlax-variant-value s10))
   (setq s11 (vlax-make-variant s11 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s11(vlax-variant-value s11))
   (setq s12 (vlax-make-variant s12 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s12(vlax-variant-value s12))
      
  (command "line"  (list s1 s2 s3) (list s4 s5 s6) "" )
  (command "line"  (list s7 s8 s9) (list s10 s11 s12) "" )

  (princ)
  (close g2)
)

此代码保存后，需要自己创建一个.txt文件，里面有四个点的三维坐标，每个点的XYZ各占一行，可为浮点数，见下图示意，共12个数；

在这里插入图片描述
4. 把构建的文本保存在D盘里；
5. 然后加载应用程序，见下图步骤；

6.注意：先关闭二维及三维捕捉，然后输入快捷键HUAL，找到之前创建的txt文件，打开后即可见到那两条线，可以调一下轴测图，这样更清楚，见下图；
在这里插入图片描述

2.直接画面

1.代码如下;

(defun c:huam()
  (setvar "cmdecho" 0) 
  (setvar "blipmode" 0)
  (setvar "dimzin" 0)
  (vl-load-com)
  (setq path "D:/")
  (setq g1(getfiled "选择数据文件" path "txt" 0))
  (setq g2(open g1 "r")) 
  (setq i 1)
  (while (<= i 120) 
   (setq f1 (read-line g2))
   (eval (read(strcat "(setq s" (rtos i)  " "  (vl-prin1-to-string f1) ")")))
   (setq i(+ i 1))
   )
   (setq s1 (vlax-make-variant s1 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s1(vlax-variant-value s1))
   (setq s2 (vlax-make-variant s2 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s2(vlax-variant-value s2))
   (setq s3 (vlax-make-variant s3 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s3(vlax-variant-value s3))
   (setq s4 (vlax-make-variant s4 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s4(vlax-variant-value s4))
   (setq s5 (vlax-make-variant s5 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s5(vlax-variant-value s5))
   (setq s6 (vlax-make-variant s6 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s6(vlax-variant-value s6))
   (setq s7 (vlax-make-variant s7 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s7(vlax-variant-value s7))
   (setq s8 (vlax-make-variant s8 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s8(vlax-variant-value s8))
   (setq s9 (vlax-make-variant s9 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s9(vlax-variant-value s9))
   (setq s10(vlax-make-variant s10 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s10(vlax-variant-value s10))
   (setq s11 (vlax-make-variant s11 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s11(vlax-variant-value s11))
   (setq s12 (vlax-make-variant s12 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s12(vlax-variant-value s12))
  (setq s13 (vlax-make-variant s13 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s13(vlax-variant-value s13))
   (setq s14 (vlax-make-variant s14 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s14(vlax-variant-value s14))
   (setq s15 (vlax-make-variant s15 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s15(vlax-variant-value s15))
   (setq s16 (vlax-make-variant s16 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s16(vlax-variant-value s16))
   (setq s17 (vlax-make-variant s17 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s17(vlax-variant-value s17))
   (setq s18 (vlax-make-variant s18 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s18(vlax-variant-value s18))
   (setq s19 (vlax-make-variant s19 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s19(vlax-variant-value s19))
   (setq s20(vlax-make-variant s20 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s20(vlax-variant-value s20))
   (setq s21 (vlax-make-variant s21 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s21(vlax-variant-value s21))
   (setq s22 (vlax-make-variant s22 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s22(vlax-variant-value s22))
   (setq s23 (vlax-make-variant s23 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s23(vlax-variant-value s23))
   (setq s24 (vlax-make-variant s24 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s24(vlax-variant-value s24))
   
   
  (command "3dface"  (list s1 s2 s3) (list s4 s5 s6) (list s7 s8 s9) (list s10 s11 s12)"" )
  (command "3dface"  (list s13 s14 s15)(list s16 s17 s18)(list s19 s20 s21)(list s22 s23 s24)"" )
  (princ)
  (close g2)
)

2.按画线的步骤进行即可，此快捷键为HUAM，txt文件里是24个数（8个点），画的是两个面，每个面由四个点生成，见下图；

在这里插入图片描述
3.另,想把三维面转为曲面可用cad的convtosurface命令，这样就可对其修剪等。

3.直接画体

1.原理：先生成两个面，然后放样生成体，代码如下;

(defun c:huat()
  (setvar "cmdecho" 0) 
  (setvar "blipmode" 0)
  (setvar "dimzin" 0)
  (vl-load-com)
  (setq path "D:/")
  (setq g1(getfiled "选择数据文件" path "txt" 0))
  (setq g2(open g1 "r")) 
  (setq i 1)
  (while (<= i 240) 
   (setq f1 (read-line g2))
   (eval (read(strcat "(setq s" (rtos i)  " "  (vl-prin1-to-string f1) ")")))
   (setq i(+ i 1))
   )
   (setq s1 (vlax-make-variant s1 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s1(vlax-variant-value s1))
   (setq s2 (vlax-make-variant s2 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s2(vlax-variant-value s2))
   (setq s3 (vlax-make-variant s3 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s3(vlax-variant-value s3))
   (setq s4 (vlax-make-variant s4 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s4(vlax-variant-value s4))
   (setq s5 (vlax-make-variant s5 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s5(vlax-variant-value s5))
   (setq s6 (vlax-make-variant s6 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s6(vlax-variant-value s6))
   (setq s7 (vlax-make-variant s7 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s7(vlax-variant-value s7))
   (setq s8 (vlax-make-variant s8 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s8(vlax-variant-value s8))
   (setq s9 (vlax-make-variant s9 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s9(vlax-variant-value s9))
   (setq s10(vlax-make-variant s10 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s10(vlax-variant-value s10))
   (setq s11 (vlax-make-variant s11 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s11(vlax-variant-value s11))
   (setq s12 (vlax-make-variant s12 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s12(vlax-variant-value s12))
   (setq s13 (vlax-make-variant s13 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s13(vlax-variant-value s13))
   (setq s14 (vlax-make-variant s14 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s14(vlax-variant-value s14))
   (setq s15 (vlax-make-variant s15 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s15(vlax-variant-value s15))
   (setq s16 (vlax-make-variant s16 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s16(vlax-variant-value s16))
   (setq s17 (vlax-make-variant s17 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s17(vlax-variant-value s17))
   (setq s18 (vlax-make-variant s18 vlax-vbDouble))
   (setq s18(vlax-variant-value s18))
   (command "3dpoly" (list s1 s2 s3) (list s4 s5 s6) (list s7 s8 s9)(list s1 s2 s3)"" )
   (command "3dpoly"  (list s10 s11 s12)(list s13 s14 s15)(list s16 s17 s18)(list s10 s11 s12)"" )
   (command "loft"  (entnext)(entlast)  "" "")
  
  (princ)
  (close g2)
)

2.按画线的步骤进行即可，此快捷键为HUAT，txt文件里是18个数（6个点），画的是一个上下不等的三角形生成的体，见下图；
在这里插入图片描述

总结

上面的程序用了后就会发现有很多可以变通的地方，以上只是通过一些实例让大家可以照猫画虎，大家完全可以增加点。再比如LISP的command命令，它就是间接调用了CAD的命令，也就是说只要能在CAD里画出来，就能通过LISP写出来，因为程序本身就是解决繁琐的工作。以上程序是我搜索查询摸索了一个多月的成果，也是我研一上学期最突出的成果，欢迎大家指正学习。