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与导图结合的脚本文件：
创建脚本：文件——新建脚本程序，将以下代码复制粘贴至脚本内，选中右键运行当前或所选代码。
#第三章 图形初阶#
attach(mtcars)
plot(wt, mpg)
abline(lm(mpg~wt))
title("Regression of MPG on Weight")
detach(mtcars)
dev.off()
#避免图形覆盖方法1 新建图形之前打开一个新的窗口#
dev.new()
##
dose <- c(20, 30, 40, 45, 60)
drugA <- c(16, 20, 27, 40, 60)
drugB <- c(15, 18, 25, 31, 40)
plot(dose, drugA, type="b")
#不加参数地执行par()将生成一个含有当前图形参数设置的列表。添加参数no.readonly=TRUE可以生成一个可以修改的当前图形参数列表。#
opar <- par(no.readonly=TRUE)
##假设你想使用实心三角而不是空心圆圈作为点的符号，并且想用虚线代替实线连接这些点##
dev.new()
par(lty=3, pch=12)
plot(dose, drugB, type="b")
par(opar)
plot(dose, drugA, type="b", lty=2, pch=17)
plot(dose, drugA, type="b", lty=3, lwd=3, pch=15, cex=2)
#使用图形参数控制图形外观#
opar <- par(no.readonly=TRUE)
par(pin=c(2, 3))
par(lwd=2, cex=1.5)
par(cex.axis=.75, font.axis=3)
plot(dose, drugA, type="b", pch=19, lty=2, col="red")
plot(dose, drugB, type="b", pch=23, lty=6, col="blue", bg="green")
par(opar)
#添加文本、自定义坐标轴和图例#
plot(dose, drugA, type="b",col="red",
lty=2, pch=2, lwd=2,
main="Clinical Trials for Drug A",
sub="This is hypothetical data",
xlab="Dosage", ylab="Drug Response",
xlim=c(0, 60), ylim=c(0, 70))
#自定义坐标轴示例#
x <- c(1:10)
y <- x
z <- 10/x
opar <- par(no.readonly=TRUE)
par(mar=c(5, 4, 4, 8) + 0.1)
plot(x, y, type="b",pch=21, col="red",yaxt="n", lty=3, ann=FALSE)
lines(x, z, type="b", pch=22, col="blue", lty=2)
axis(2, at=x, labels=x, col.axis="red", las=2)
axis(4, at=z, labels=round(z, digits=2),col.axis="blue", las=2, cex.axis=0.7, tck=-.01)
mtext("y=1/x", side=4, line=3, cex.lab=1, las=2, col="blue")
title("An Example of Creative Axes",xlab="X values",ylab="Y=X")
par(opar)
#添加次要刻度线 minor.tick(nx=n, ny=n, tick.ratio=n)#
library(Hmisc)
minor.tick(nx=2, ny=3, tick.ratio=0.5)
#参考线#
abline(h=c(1,5,7))
#在x为1、3、5、7、9的位置添加了垂直的蓝色虚线#
abline(v=seq(1, 10, 2), lty=2, col="blue")
#完整示例#
dose <- c(20, 30, 40, 45, 60)
drugA <- c(16, 20, 27, 40, 60)
drugB <- c(15, 18, 25, 31, 40)
opar <- par(no.readonly=TRUE)
par(lwd=2, cex=1.5, font.lab=2)
plot(dose, drugA, type="b",
pch=15, lty=1, col="red", ylim=c(0, 60),
main="Drug A vs. Drug B",
xlab="Drug Dosage", ylab="Drug Response")
lines(dose, drugB, type="b",pch=17, lty=2, col="blue")
abline(h=c(30), lwd=1.5, lty=2, col="gray")
library(Hmisc)
minor.tick(nx=3, ny=3, tick.ratio=0.5)
legend("topleft", inset=.05, title="Drug Type", c("A","B"),
lty=c(1, 2), pch=c(15, 17), col=c("red", "blue"))
par(opar)
#添加文本#
attach(mtcars)
head(mtcars)
plot(wt, mpg,
main="Mileage vs. Car Weight",
xlab="Weight", ylab="Mileage",
pch=18, col="blue")
text(wt, mpg,row.names(mtcars),
cex=0.6, pos=4, col="red")
detach(mtcars)
#图形的组合#
#par(mfrow=c(nrows, ncols)) #
attach(mtcars)
opar <- par(no.readonly=TRUE)
par(mfrow=c(2,2))
plot(wt,mpg, main="Scatterplot of wt vs. mpg")
plot(wt,disp, main="Scatterplot of wt vs. disp")
hist(wt, main="Histogram of wt")
boxplot(wt, main="Boxplot of wt")
par(opar)
detach(mtcars)
#layout()#
attach(mtcars)
layout(matrix(c(1, 1, 2, 3), 2, 2, byrow = TRUE),
widths=c(3, 1), heights=c(1, 2))#第1行中图形的高度是第2行中图形高度的二分之一。#
#右下角图形的宽度是左下角图形宽度的三分之一#
matrix(c(1, 1, 2, 3), 2, 2, byrow = TRUE)#查看矩阵，发现一幅图被置于第1行，另两幅图则被置于第2行#
hist(wt)
hist(mpg)
hist(disp)
detach(mtcars)
#fig()#
opar <- par(no.readonly=TRUE)
par(fig=c(0, 0.8, 0, 0.8))
plot(mtcars$wt, mtcars$mpg,
xlab="Miles Per Gallon",
ylab="Car Weight")
par(fig=c(0, 0.8, 0.55, 1), new=TRUE)
boxplot(mtcars$wt, horizontal=TRUE, axes=FALSE)
par(fig=c(0.65, 1, 0, 0.8), new=TRUE)
boxplot(mtcars$mpg, axes=FALSE)
mtext("Enhanced Scatterplot", side=3, outer=TRUE, line=-3)
par(opar)
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