5、4 字符设备驱动程序_LED驱动程序_操作LED

怎么写一个驱动:

1、框架
2、完善硬件的操作
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40674996/article/details/101059332
(1)看原理图,确定引脚
(2)看芯片手册,控制和设置引脚
(3)写代码
单片机是直接操作物理地址, 而驱动程序是操作虚拟地址。


一、框架:

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>

static struct class *firstdrv_class;
static struct class_device	*firstdrv_class_dev;

volatile unsigned long* gpfcon = NULL;
volatile unsigned long* gpfdat = NULL;

static int first_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{

	return 0;
}

static ssize_t first_drv_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
{
	return 0;
}

static struct file_operations first_drv_fops = {
    .owner  =   THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open   =   first_drv_open,     
	.write	=	first_drv_write,	   
};


int major;
static int first_drv_init(void)
{
	major = register_chrdev(0, "first_drv", &first_drv_fops); // 注册, 告诉内核

	firstdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "firstdrv");
	firstdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(firstdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "xyz"); /* /dev/xyz */

	
	return 0;
}

static void first_drv_exit(void)
{
	unregister_chrdev(major, "first_drv"); // 卸载

	class_device_unregister(firstdrv_class_dev);
	class_destroy(firstdrv_class); 

}

module_init(first_drv_init);
module_exit(first_drv_exit);


MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
}

二、将一个IO地址空间映射到内核的虚拟地址空间上去

void * __ioremap(unsigned long phys_addr, unsigned long size, unsigned long flags)
void *ioremap(unsigned long phys_addr, unsigned long size)

int major;
static int first_drv_init(void)
{
	major = register_chrdev(0, "first_drv", &first_drv_fops); // 注册, 告诉内核

	firstdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "firstdrv");

	firstdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(firstdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "xyz"); /* /dev/xyz */

	gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);  //映射16个字节
	gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;

	return 0;
}
static void second_drv_exit(void)
{
	unregister_chrdev(major, "second_drv");
	class_device_unregister(firstdrv_class_dev);
	class_destroy(firstdrv_class);
	iounmap(gpfcon);
	
	return 0;
}

三、配置引脚

static int first_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	/* 配置GPF4,5,6为输出 */
	*gpfcon &= ~((0x3 << 8) | (0x3 << 10) | (0x3 << 12));
	*gpfcon |= ((0x1 << 8) | (0x1 << 10) | (0x1 << 12));

	return 0;
}

四、通过用户程序传的值来控制LED的亮灭

功能:用于将用户空间的数据传送到内核空间。
unsigned long copy_from_user(void * to, const void __user * from, unsigned long n)
第一个参数to是内核空间的数据目标地址指针,
第二个参数from是用户空间的数据源地址指针,
第三个参数n是数据的长度。
如果数据拷贝成功,则返回零;否则,返回没有拷贝成功的数据字节数。
此函数将from指针指向的用户空间地址开始的连续n个字节的数据产送到to指针指向的内核空间地址

static ssize_t first_drv_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
{
	int val;

	copy_from_user(&val, buf, count); //	copy_to_user();

	if(val == 1)
	{
		*gpfdat &= ~((1 << 4) | (1 << 5) | (1 << 6))
	}
	else
	{
		*gpfdat |= ((1 << 4) | (1 << 5) | (1 << 6))

	}

	return 0;
}

五、用户程序的编写

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>

/* firstdrvtest on
 * firstdrvtest off
 */
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int fd;
	int val;
	
	fd = open("/dev/xyz", O_RDWR);
	if(fd < 0)
	{
		printf("can't open!\n");
		return -1;
	}

	if(argc != 2)
	{
		printf("Usage:\n");
		printf("%s < on|off >", argv[0]);
		return 0;
	}

	if(strcmp(argv[1], "on") == 0)
	{
		val = 1;
	}
	else
	{
		val = 0;
	}

	write(fd, &val, 4);
	
	return 0;
}

六、上面的程序是 一起控制三盏灯,现在分别控制一盏灯

方法一: 和上面一样,通过val 等于1亮第一盏灯,等于2 亮第二盏
方法二:MINOR 返回设备的次驱动号, 根据次驱动号来判断是哪盏灯(参考myleds.c)

主设备号是用来在内核chrdev数组里找到那个驱动;而次设备号,想让次设备号代表什么意思,由程序员管理,。
在这里插入图片描述

myleds.c

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>

#define DEVICE_NAME     "leds"  /* 加载模式后,执行”cat /proc/devices”命令看到的设备名称 */
#define LED_MAJOR       231     /* 主设备号 */


static struct class *leds_class;
static struct class_device	*leds_class_devs[4];


/* bit0<=>D10, 0:亮, 1:灭 
 *  bit1<=>D11, 0:亮, 1:灭 
 *  bit2<=>D12, 0:亮, 1:灭 
 */ 
static char leds_status = 0x0;  
static DECLARE_MUTEX(leds_lock); // 定义赋值

//static int minor;
static unsigned long gpio_va;

#define GPIO_OFT(x) ((x) - 0x56000000)
#define GPFCON  (*(volatile unsigned long *)(gpio_va + GPIO_OFT(0x56000050)))
#define GPFDAT  (*(volatile unsigned long *)(gpio_va + GPIO_OFT(0x56000054)))


/* 应用程序对设备文件/dev/leds执行open(...)时,
 * 就会调用s3c24xx_leds_open函数
 */
static int s3c24xx_leds_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	int minor = MINOR(inode->i_rdev); //MINOR(inode->i_cdev);

	switch(minor)
	{
        case 0: /* /dev/leds */
        {
            // 配置3引脚为输出
            //s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPF4, S3C2410_GPF4_OUTP);
            GPFCON &= ~(0x3<<(4*2));
            GPFCON |= (1<<(4*2));
            
            //s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPF5, S3C2410_GPF5_OUTP);
            GPFCON &= ~(0x3<<(5*2));
            GPFCON |= (1<<(5*2));

            //s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPF6, S3C2410_GPF6_OUTP);
            GPFCON &= ~(0x3<<(6*2));
            GPFCON |= (1<<(6*2));

            // 都输出0
            //s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF4, 0);
            GPFDAT &= ~(1<<4);
            
            //s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF5, 0);
            GPFDAT &= ~(1<<5);
            //s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF6, 0);
            GPFDAT &= ~(1<<6);

            down(&leds_lock);
            leds_status = 0x0;
            up(&leds_lock);
                
            break;
        }

        case 1: /* /dev/led1 */
        {
            s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPF4, S3C2410_GPF4_OUTP);
            s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF4, 0);
            
            down(&leds_lock);
            leds_status &= ~(1<<0);
            up(&leds_lock);
            
            break;
        }

        case 2: /* /dev/led2 */
        {
            s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPF5, S3C2410_GPF5_OUTP);
            s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF5, 0);
            leds_status &= ~(1<<1);
            break;
        }

        case 3: /* /dev/led3 */
        {
            s3c2410_gpio_cfgpin(S3C2410_GPF6, S3C2410_GPF6_OUTP);
            s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF6, 0);

            down(&leds_lock);
            leds_status &= ~(1<<2);
            up(&leds_lock);
            
            break;
        }
        
	}
	
    return 0;
}



static int s3c24xx_leds_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buff, 
                                         size_t count, loff_t *offp)
{
	int minor = MINOR(filp->f_dentry->d_inode->i_rdev);
    char val;

    switch (minor)
    {
        case 0: /* /dev/leds */
        {
            
            copy_to_user(buff, (const void *)&leds_status, 1);                    
            break;
        }

        case 1: /* /dev/led1 */
        {
            down(&leds_lock);
            val = leds_status & 0x1;
            up(&leds_lock);
            copy_to_user(buff, (const void *)&val, 1);
            break;
        }

        case 2: /* /dev/led2 */
        {
            down(&leds_lock);
            val = (leds_status>>1) & 0x1;
            up(&leds_lock);
            copy_to_user(buff, (const void *)&val, 1);
            break;
        }

        case 3: /* /dev/led3 */
        {
            down(&leds_lock);
            val = (leds_status>>2) & 0x1;
            up(&leds_lock);
            copy_to_user(buff, (const void *)&val, 1);
            break;
        }
        
    }

    return 1;
}




static ssize_t s3c24xx_leds_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
{
    //int minor = MINOR(inode->i_rdev); //MINOR(inode->i_cdev);
	int minor = MINOR(file->f_dentry->d_inode->i_rdev);
    char val;

    copy_from_user(&val, buf, 1);

    switch (minor)
    {
        case 0: /* /dev/leds */
        {            
            s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF4, (val & 0x1));
            s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF5, (val & 0x1));
            s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF6, (val & 0x1));
            down(&leds_lock);
            leds_status = val;
            up(&leds_lock);
            break;
        }

        case 1: /* /dev/led1 */
        {
            s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF4, val);

            if (val == 0)
            {
                down(&leds_lock);
                leds_status &= ~(1<<0);
                up(&leds_lock);
            }
            else
            {
                down(&leds_lock);
                leds_status |= (1<<0);                
                up(&leds_lock);
            }
            break;
        }

        case 2: /* /dev/led2 */
        {
            s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF5, val);
            if (val == 0)
            {
                down(&leds_lock);
                leds_status &= ~(1<<1);
                up(&leds_lock);
            }
            else
            {
                down(&leds_lock);
                leds_status |= (1<<1);                
                up(&leds_lock);
            }
            break;
        }

        case 3: /* /dev/led3 */
        {
            s3c2410_gpio_setpin(S3C2410_GPF6, val);
            if (val == 0)
            {
                down(&leds_lock);
                leds_status &= ~(1<<2);
                up(&leds_lock);
            }
            else
            {
                down(&leds_lock);
                leds_status |= (1<<2);                
                up(&leds_lock);
            }
            break;
        }
        
    }

    return 1;
}



/* 这个结构是字符设备驱动程序的核心
 * 当应用程序操作设备文件时所调用的open、read、write等函数,
 * 最终会调用这个结构中指定的对应函数
 */
static struct file_operations s3c24xx_leds_fops = {
    .owner  =   THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open   =   s3c24xx_leds_open,     
	.read	=	s3c24xx_leds_read,	   
	.write	=	s3c24xx_leds_write,	   
};

/*
 * 执行insmod命令时就会调用这个函数 
 */
static int __init s3c24xx_leds_init(void)
//static int __init init_module(void)

{
    int ret;
	int minor = 0;

    gpio_va = ioremap(0x56000000, 0x100000);
	if (!gpio_va) {
		return -EIO;
	}

    /* 注册字符设备
     * 参数为主设备号、设备名字、file_operations结构;
     * 这样,主设备号就和具体的file_operations结构联系起来了,
     * 操作主设备为LED_MAJOR的设备文件时,就会调用s3c24xx_leds_fops中的相关成员函数
     * LED_MAJOR可以设为0,表示由内核自动分配主设备号
     */
    ret = register_chrdev(LED_MAJOR, DEVICE_NAME, &s3c24xx_leds_fops);
    if (ret < 0) {
      printk(DEVICE_NAME " can't register major number\n");
      return ret;
    }

	leds_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "leds");
	if (IS_ERR(leds_class))
		return PTR_ERR(leds_class);
    


	leds_class_devs[0] = class_device_create(leds_class, NULL, MKDEV(LED_MAJOR, 0), NULL, "leds"); /* /dev/leds */
	
	for (minor = 1; minor < 4; minor++)  /* /dev/led1,2,3 */
	{
		leds_class_devs[minor] = class_device_create(leds_class, NULL, MKDEV(LED_MAJOR, minor), NULL, "led%d", minor);
		if (unlikely(IS_ERR(leds_class_devs[minor])))
			return PTR_ERR(leds_class_devs[minor]);
	}
        
    printk(DEVICE_NAME " initialized\n");
    return 0;
}

/*
 * 执行rmmod命令时就会调用这个函数 
 */
static void __exit s3c24xx_leds_exit(void)
{
	int minor;
    /* 卸载驱动程序 */
    unregister_chrdev(LED_MAJOR, DEVICE_NAME);

	for (minor = 0; minor < 4; minor++)
	{
		class_device_unregister(leds_class_devs[minor]);
	}
	class_destroy(leds_class);
    iounmap(gpio_va);
}

/* 这两行指定驱动程序的初始化函数和卸载函数 */
module_init(s3c24xx_leds_init);
module_exit(s3c24xx_leds_exit);

/* 描述驱动程序的一些信息,不是必须的 */
MODULE_AUTHOR("http://www.100ask.net");
MODULE_VERSION("0.1.0");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("S3C2410/S3C2440 LED Driver");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

ledtest.c


#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>

/*
  *  ledtest <dev> <on|off>
  */

void print_usage(char *file)
{
    printf("Usage:\n");
    printf("%s <dev> <on|off>\n",file);
    printf("eg. \n");
    printf("%s /dev/leds on\n", file);
    printf("%s /dev/leds off\n", file);
    printf("%s /dev/led1 on\n", file);
    printf("%s /dev/led1 off\n", file);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int fd;
    char* filename;
    char val;

    if (argc != 3)
    {
        print_usage(argv[0]);
        return 0;
    }

    filename = argv[1];

    fd = open(filename, O_RDWR);
    if (fd < 0)
    {
        printf("error, can't open %s\n", filename);
        return 0;
    }

    if (!strcmp("on", argv[2]))
    {
        // 亮灯
        val = 0;
        write(fd, &val, 1);
    }
    else if (!strcmp("off", argv[2]))
    {
        // 灭灯
        val = 1;
        write(fd, &val, 1);
    }
    else
    {
        print_usage(argv[0]);
        return 0;
    }
    
    
    return 0;
}

运行命令:
在这里插入图片描述

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