FTT
NKOJ3071 高精度乘(输入 a, b ,输出两个数的积)
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <complex> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 typedef complex<double> CP; 7 typedef long long LL; 8 9 const int _N = 300005; 10 const double PI = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795; 11 12 LL rev[_N], Ans[_N]; 13 char str1[_N], str2[_N]; 14 CP X[_N], Y[_N]; 15 16 void GetRev(LL bit) 17 { 18 for (LL i = 0; i < (1<<bit); ++i) 19 rev[i] = (rev[i>>1]>>1) | ((i&1)<<(bit-1)); 20 return; 21 } 22 23 void FFT(CP *A, LL n, LL ty) 24 { 25 LL i, k, len; 26 for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) 27 if (i < rev[i]) swap(A[i], A[rev[i]]); 28 29 for (len = 1; len < n; len <<= 1) { 30 CP wn = exp(CP(0, ty*PI/len)); 31 for (i = 0; i < n; i += len<<1) { 32 CP wi(1, 0); 33 for (k = i; k < i+len; ++k) { 34 CP t0 = A[k], t1 = wi*A[k+len]; 35 A[k] = t0+t1, A[k+len] = t0-t1; 36 wi *= wn; 37 } 38 } 39 } 40 if (ty == -1) 41 for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) A[i] /= n; 42 return; 43 } 44 45 bool Input(LL &len, char *str) 46 { 47 char tt; bool flag = false; int i; 48 while (((tt = getchar()) < '0' || tt > '9') && tt != '-'); 49 if (tt == '-') flag = true, i = -1; 50 else str[0] = tt, i = 0; 51 while ((tt = getchar()) >= '0' && tt <= '9') str[++i] = tt; 52 len = i+1; 53 return flag; 54 } 55 56 int main() 57 { 58 LL flag1, flag2, l1, l2, i; 59 flag1 = Input(l1, str1), flag2 = Input(l2, str2); 60 // printf("\n\n%s %s\n\n %lld %lld\n", str1, str2, l1, l2); 61 LL a = 1, x = 0; 62 while (a < l1+l2-1) a <<= 1, ++x; 63 // printf("\n\na = %lld, x = %lld\n\n", a, x); 64 for (i = 0; i < l1; ++i) X[i] = (double)(str1[l1-1-i]-'0'); 65 for (i = 0; i < l2; ++i) Y[i] = (double)(str2[l2-1-i]-'0'); 66 GetRev(x), FFT(X, a, 1), FFT(Y, a, 1); 67 for (i = 0; i < a; ++i) X[i] *= Y[i]; 68 FFT(X, a, -1); 69 for (i = 0; i < l1+l2; ++i) 70 Ans[i] += (long long)(X[i].real() + 0.5), Ans[i+1] += Ans[i]/10, Ans[i] %= 10; 71 for (i = l1+l2; i >= 0 && !Ans[i]; --i); 72 if (i == -1) { printf("0\n"); return 0; } 73 if (flag1 ^ flag2) putchar('-'); 74 while (i >= 0) putchar(Ans[i] + '0'), --i; 75 putchar('\n'); 76 return 0; 77 }
NTT
1.数论阶和原根
相关文章:数论之原根 https://blog.csdn.net/fuyukai/article/details/50894609
ordn a 表示当 a, n 互素时,在模 n 意义下,a 的数论阶,即满足 ax Ξ 1 (mod n) 的最小正整数 x .
结论:(ordn a) | x
推论:(ordn a) | phi(x)
当 n > 0 且 ordn a = phi(n) 时,a 为 n 的一个原根.
素数一定有原根,整数不一定. 当一个数 n 有原根时,它的原根数量是 phi(phi(n)) .
在模 n 意义下,n 的原根为 g,gi 互不相同 , 0 <= i <= phi(n) - 1
这一点性质类似 FFT 中的单位根 w ,也就是 NTT 的基础。
求素数 n 的原根
从小到大枚举每一个 x | phi(n) , 判断是否满足 ax Ξ 1 (mod n),找到一个合理的 x 即为 n 的原根.
2.NTT操作
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <algorithm> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 typedef long long LL; 7 8 const int _N = 300005; 9 const long long P = 998244353LL; 10 const long long G = 3LL; 11 12 LL rev[_N], Ans[_N]; 13 char str1[_N], str2[_N]; 14 LL X[_N], Y[_N]; 15 16 void GetRev(LL bit) 17 { 18 for (LL i = 0; i < (1<<bit); ++i) 19 rev[i] = (rev[i>>1]>>1) | ((i&1)<<(bit-1)); 20 return; 21 } 22 23 LL Mont(LL t1, LL t2) 24 { 25 t1 %= P; 26 LL ans = 1; 27 while (t2) { 28 if (t2 & 1) ans = ans*t1%P; 29 t2 >>= 1, t1 = t1*t1%P; 30 } 31 return ans; 32 } 33 34 void NTT(LL *A, LL n, LL ty) 35 { 36 LL i, k, len; 37 for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) 38 if (i < rev[i]) swap(A[i], A[rev[i]]); 39 40 for (len = 1; len < n; len <<= 1) { 41 LL wn = Mont(3, (P-1)+ty*(P-1)/(len<<1)); 42 for (i = 0; i < n; i += len<<1) { 43 LL wi = 1; 44 for (k = i; k < i+len; ++k) { 45 LL t0 = A[k], t1 = wi*A[k+len]%P; 46 A[k] = t0+t1, A[k+len] = t0-t1; 47 if ((A[k] = t0+t1) >= P) A[k] -= P; 48 if ((A[k+len] = t0-t1) < 0) A[k+len] += P; 49 wi = wi*wn%P; 50 } 51 } 52 } 53 if (ty == -1) { 54 LL tmp = Mont(n, P-2); 55 for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) A[i] = A[i]*tmp%P; 56 } 57 return; 58 } 59 60 bool Input(LL &len, char *str) 61 { 62 char tt; bool flag = false; int i; 63 while (((tt = getchar()) < '0' || tt > '9') && tt != '-'); 64 if (tt == '-') flag = true, i = -1; 65 else str[0] = tt, i = 0; 66 while ((tt = getchar()) >= '0' && tt <= '9') str[++i] = tt; 67 len = i+1; 68 return flag; 69 } 70 71 int main() 72 { 73 LL flag1, flag2, l1, l2, i; 74 flag1 = Input(l1, str1), flag2 = Input(l2, str2); 75 // printf("\n\n%s %s\n\n %lld %lld\n", str1, str2, l1, l2); 76 LL a = 1, x = 0; 77 while (a < l1+l2-1) a <<= 1, ++x; 78 // printf("\n\na = %lld, x = %lld\n\n", a, x); 79 for (i = 0; i < l1; ++i) X[i] = str1[l1-1-i]-'0'; 80 for (i = 0; i < l2; ++i) Y[i] = str2[l2-1-i]-'0'; 81 GetRev(x), NTT(X, a, 1), NTT(Y, a, 1); 82 for (i = 0; i < a; ++i) X[i] = X[i]*Y[i]%P; 83 NTT(X, a, -1); 84 for (i = 0; i < l1+l2; ++i) 85 Ans[i] += X[i], Ans[i+1] += Ans[i]/10, Ans[i] %= 10; 86 for (i = l1+l2; i >= 0 && !Ans[i]; --i); 87 if (i == -1) { printf("0\n"); return 0; } 88 if (flag1 ^ flag2) putchar('-'); 89 while (i >= 0) putchar(Ans[i] + '0'), --i; 90 putchar('\n'); 91 return 0; 92 }