在前面一篇文章中介绍了Dashboard 2.0.0-rc3的使用，但是证书的创建和设定使用缺省方式，在这篇文章中将进一步进行说明如何从外部创建和指定证书。

Dashboard的部署方式

详细的说明可参看下文：

https://liumiaocn.blog.csdn.net/article/details/104144132

证书请求文件

准备如下CSR文件：

[root@host131 k8s]# cat dashboard-csr.json 
{
    "CN": "kubernetes-dashboard",
    "hosts": [],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "DaLian",
            "ST": "LiaoNing",
            "O": "K8S",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
[root@host131 k8s]#

生成证书和私钥

使用Kubernetes集群构建时使用的CA和配置设定，使用如下命令生成dashboard的证书和私钥。

执行命令：cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/ssl/ca/ca.pem -ca-key=/etc/ssl/ca/ca-key.pem -config=/etc/ssl/ca/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes dashboard-csr.json | cfssljson -bare dashboard

执行日志示例如下所示：

[root@host131 k8s]# cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/ssl/ca/ca.pem -ca-key=/etc/ssl/ca/ca-key.pem -config=/etc/ssl/ca/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes dashboard-csr.json | cfssljson -bare dashboard
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] generate received request
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] received CSR
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] encoded CSR
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 178344385453299136705501206545903961019768969733
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
[root@host131 k8s]# ls dashboard*
dashboard.csr  dashboard-csr.json  dashboard-key.pem  dashboard.pem
[root@host131 k8s]#

YAML文件设定

将官方建议的YAML文件中去除如下两项设定：

namespace的创建
名为kubernetes-dashboard-certs的secret的创建

然后添加args中如下内容

          args:
            - --tls-cert-file=dashboard.pem
            - --tls-key-file=dashboard-key.pem

如下的设定可以删除，也可以直接跟在之后，作为找不到文件的处理方式，但本文为了明确使用地是挂在进来的证书，此处直接将下述设定删除

--auto-generate-certificates

还可以使用另外的做法，就是直接将证书的内容（base64编码）直接保存在kubernetes-dashboard-certs的data段内，详细可参看下文方式：

https://blog.csdn.net/liumiaocn/article/details/103356320
这种方式证书内容以硬编码的方式手动保存，和设定内容混在了一起，这里不再赘述。

启动Dashboard服务

使用如下步骤即可启动Dashboard服务

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步骤1: 创建kubernetes-dashboard命令空间

执行命令：kubectl create ns kubernetes-dashboard

[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl create ns kubernetes-dashboard
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get ns |grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard   Active   8s
[root@host131 dashboard]#

步骤2: 创建secrets

在kubernetes-dashboard命令空间中创建secrets，注意指定创建包含创建出来的证书和私钥，可使用如下命令进行创建：

执行命令： kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=/etc/ssl/k8s -n kubernetes-dashboard

执行日志如下所示

[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=/etc/ssl/k8s -n kubernetes-dashboard
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
[root@host131 dashboard]#

使用kubectl describe命令可以确认到此secret中包含所需要使用的证书和私钥文件，执行日志如下所示

[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get secret -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                         TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
default-token-kx9k4          kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      3m1s
kubernetes-dashboard-certs   Opaque                                34     16s
[root@host131 dashboard]# 
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-certs -n kubernetes-dashboard
Name:         kubernetes-dashboard-certs
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Type:  Opaque

Data
====
cert-k8s.csr:                            1253 bytes
cert-k8scm.csr:                          1062 bytes
dashboard.csr:                           1013 bytes
k8s-cm-csr.json:                         346 bytes
admin-csr.json:                          287 bytes
cert-aggregator.csr:                     1001 bytes
kube-scheduler.kubeconfig:               6349 bytes
dashboard.pem:                           1407 bytes
kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig:      6401 bytes
kubeadmin-key.pem:                       1679 bytes
cert-k8sch-key.pem:                      1675 bytes
cert-k8sch.csr:                          1050 bytes
cert-k8sch.pem:                          1424 bytes
cert-k8scm.pem:                          1436 bytes
dashboard-key.pem:                       1679 bytes
kubelet-client-2020-01-31-20-00-18.pem:  1228 bytes
cert-aggregator.pem:                     1391 bytes
cert-k8s.pem:                            1619 bytes
cert-kubeproxy-key.pem:                  1675 bytes
k8s-csr.json:                            535 bytes
k8s-sch-csr.json:                        337 bytes
bootstrap.kubeconfig:                    2169 bytes
cert-k8scm-key.pem:                      1675 bytes
cert-aggregator-key.pem:                 1679 bytes
cert-k8s-key.pem:                        1679 bytes
cert-kubeproxy.pem:                      1403 bytes
kubelet-server-2020-01-31-20-00-56.pem:  1252 bytes
kubeadmin.csr:                           1009 bytes
kubeproxy-csr.json:                      230 bytes
aggregator-csr.json:                     281 bytes
cert-kubeproxy.csr:                      1009 bytes
dashboard-csr.json:                      291 bytes
kube-proxy.kubeconfig:                   6271 bytes
kubeadmin.pem:                           1399 bytes
[root@host131 dashboard]#

步骤3: 启动Dashboard服务

[root@host131 dashboard]# ls
dashboard.yml
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl create -f .
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
[root@host131 dashboard]#

结果确认

确认服务和pod等状态

[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get pods -A |grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper-7b8b58dc8b-np442   1/1     Running   0          35s
kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard-6b479fc8fc-cmpg4        1/1     Running   0          35s
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get service -A |grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.254.56.169   <none>        8000/TCP        43s
kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.254.91.222   <none>        443:33307/TCP   43s
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get deployment -A |grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper   1/1     1            1           52s
kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard        1/1     1            1           52s
[root@host131 dashboard]#

获取token信息

[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get secret -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                               TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
default-token-kx9k4                kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      7m26s
kubernetes-dashboard-certs         Opaque                                34     4m41s
kubernetes-dashboard-csrf          Opaque                                1      94s
kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder    Opaque                                2      94s
kubernetes-dashboard-token-flzjd   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      94s
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-token-flzjd -n kubernetes-dashboard
Name:         kubernetes-dashboard-token-flzjd
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kubernetes-dashboard
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 8fbee1fa-399a-4d91-b27d-dd55d119b869

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1359 bytes
namespace:  20 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ikt5aFRwRXR6M1hMLU5GTjg0M0R1LTNfNTZLOVNhVUxZd1BSZW9HNGJrMVEifQ.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.M0HUoA7Xbe5HR-LgpHtqdUQIgP8LlzfqtMm-lZ8JJaVByHJDd8M7eiICNCS08cFtUkWVb8vF53nzf_MTQufiKxS4qNFwjwoP2wbi_IGx6RwO9VWCSev2EmIiuBceTqHxXZsqRLO-fK8GuGiorW6RQb202k6gZCUTCpAR8QC_vvY8UPU1Y2CzCKaD5XUDvaZ-KFDPcQlxTH89k6BlT06Ik0NNbejSw66k_vPoiDFnbGQEvtRGdqZ2XCzOF8ASUbKcalQL-9dM-vAr1KLuR4sn32hseFPDPSPCXiSFSietS2N6X_Fz3Al6iIFTsCZXfTdG3R0dbO-SKJQ6vNLO4XST5w
[root@host131 dashboard]#

选择token方式登录，输入上述token信息
在这里插入图片描述
点击Sigin in即可登录进入Dashboard界面中了

这样就使用了外部的证书进行了Dashboard服务的启动。

参照YAML文件

[root@host131 dashboard]# cat dashboard.yml 
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 33307
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-rc3
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --tls-cert-file=dashboard.pem
            - --tls-key-file=dashboard-key.pem
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.3
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
[root@host131 dashboard]#

参考内容

https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/certificate-management.md#self-signed-certificate
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/installation.md#recommended-setup

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