阅读目录
1. linux从源码编译到安装软件的3个步骤
./configure
make
make install
1）./configure:
configure是一个脚本，一般由Autoconf工具生成，它会检验当前的系统环境，看是否满足安装软件所必需的条件：比如当前系统是否支持待安装软件，是否已经安装软件依赖等。configure脚本最后会生成一个Makefile文件。
2）make
make是一个命令，它使用第1步得到的Makefile文件，如果只有"make"命令，而没有指明"目标"，一般情况下是编译源码。
3）make install
make install表示运行"目标为install的make命令"，即将编译后的结果复制到相应目录中。
2. ./configure 的配置和用法
每个configure脚本可配置参数都是不同的，具体可通过以下命令来查看：
./configure --help
下面以编译gdb-7.12.tar.gz为例，执行./configure --help
mayue6@Cpl-Ezviz-General-14-173:~/bulidspace/gdb-7.12-01/gdb-7.12/gdb$ ./configure --help
`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit
--help=short display options specific to this package
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, --version display version information and exit
-q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking...' messages
--cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled]
-C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create do not create output files
--srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.
For better control, use the options below.
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]
Program names:
--program-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to installed program names
--program-suffix=SUFFIX append SUFFIX to installed program names
--program-transform-name=PROGRAM run sed PROGRAM on installed program names
X features:
--x-includes=DIR X include files are in DIR
--x-libraries=DIR X library files are in DIR
System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
--target=TARGET configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]
Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--enable-maintainer-mode enable make rules and dependencies not useful
(and sometimes confusing) to the casual installer
--enable-plugins Enable support for plugins
--disable-largefile omit support for large files
--disable-build-with-cxx
build with C compiler instead of C++ compiler
--enable-targets=TARGETS
alternative target configurations
--enable-64-bit-bfd 64-bit support (on hosts with narrower word sizes)
--disable-gdbcli disable command-line interface (CLI)
--disable-gdbmi disable machine-interface (MI)
--enable-tui enable full-screen terminal user interface (TUI)
--enable-gdbtk enable gdbtk graphical user interface (GUI)
--enable-profiling enable profiling of GDB
--disable-rpath do not hardcode runtime library paths
--enable-libmcheck Try linking with -lmcheck if available
--enable-werror treat compile warnings as errors
--enable-build-warnings enable build-time compiler warnings if gcc is used
--enable-gdb-build-warnings
enable GDB specific build-time compiler warnings if
gcc is used
--enable-sim link gdb with simulator
--enable-multi-ice build the multi-ice-gdb-server
--enable-gdbserver automatically build gdbserver (yes/no/auto, default
is auto)
Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--with-separate-debug-dir=PATH
look for global separate debug info in this path
[LIBDIR/debug]
--with-gdb-datadir=PATH look for global separate data files in this path
[DATADIR/gdb]
--with-relocated-sources=PATH
automatically relocate this path for source files
--with-auto-load-dir=PATH
directories from which to load auto-loaded scripts
[$debugdir:$datadir/auto-load]
--with-auto-load-safe-path=PATH
directories safe to hold auto-loaded files
[--with-auto-load-dir]
--without-auto-load-safe-path
do not restrict auto-loaded files locations
--with-libunwind-ia64 use libunwind frame unwinding for ia64 targets
--with-curses use the curses library instead of the termcap
library
--with-pkgversion=PKG Use PKG in the version string in place of "GDB"
--with-bugurl=URL Direct users to URL to report a bug
--with-system-zlib use installed libz
--with-gnu-ld assume the C compiler uses GNU ld default=no
--with-libiconv-prefix[=DIR] search for libiconv in DIR/include and DIR/lib
--without-libiconv-prefix don't search for libiconv in includedir and libdir
--with-iconv-bin=PATH specify where to find the iconv program
--with-system-readline use installed readline library
--with-jit-reader-dir=PATH
directory to load the JIT readers from
--with-expat include expat support (auto/yes/no)
--with-libexpat-prefix[=DIR] search for libexpat in DIR/include and DIR/lib
--without-libexpat-prefix don't search for libexpat in includedir and libdir
--with-python[=PYTHON] include python support
(auto/yes/no/<python-program>)
--with-guile[=GUILE] include guile support
(auto/yes/no/<guile-version>/<pkg-config-program>)
--with-intel-pt include Intel Processor Trace support (auto/yes/no)
--with-libipt-prefix[=DIR] search for libipt in DIR/include and DIR/lib
--without-libipt-prefix don't search for libipt in includedir and libdir
--without-included-regex
don't use included regex; this is the default on
systems with version 2 of the GNU C library (use
with caution on other system)
--with-sysroot[=DIR] search for usr/lib et al within DIR
--with-system-gdbinit=PATH
automatically load a system-wide gdbinit file
--with-lzma support lzma compression (auto/yes/no)
--with-liblzma-prefix[=DIR] search for liblzma in DIR/include and DIR/lib
--without-liblzma-prefix don't search for liblzma in includedir and libdir
--with-tcl directory containing tcl configuration (tclConfig.sh)
--with-tk directory containing tk configuration (tkConfig.sh)
--with-x use the X Window System
--with-babeltrace include babeltrace support (auto/yes/no)
--with-libbabeltrace-prefix[=DIR] search for libbabeltrace in DIR/include and DIR/lib
--without-libbabeltrace-prefix don't search for libbabeltrace in includedir and libdir
Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
nonstandard directory <lib dir>
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
CPPFLAGS C/C++/Objective C preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
CXX C++ compiler command
CXXFLAGS C++ compiler flags
CPP C preprocessor
MAKEINFO Parent configure detects if it is of sufficient version.
MAKEINFOFLAGS
Parameters for MAKEINFO.
YACC The `Yet Another C Compiler' implementation to use. Defaults to
the first program found out of: `bison -y', `byacc', `yacc'.
YFLAGS The list of arguments that will be passed by default to $YACC.
This script will default YFLAGS to the empty string to avoid a
default value of `-d' given by some make applications.
XMKMF Path to xmkmf, Makefile generator for X Window System
Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.
Report bugs to the package provider.
基本配置
Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit
……
-h 或 --help
输出帮助信息。即使是有经验的用户也偶尔需要使用使用’–help’选项，因为一个复杂的项目会包含附加的选项。例如，GCC包里的’configure’脚本就包含了允许你控制是否生成和在GCC中使用GNU汇编器的选项。
-V 或 --version
打印用来产生’configure’脚本的Autoconf的版本号。
配置安装目录
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
--prefix=PREFIX
指定程序包的安装目录，示例./configure --prefix="$PWD/install"
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX
与’–prefix’选项类似,但是他是用来设置结构倚赖的文件的安装位置.编译好的’emacs’二进制文件就是这样一个文件.如果没有设置这个选项的话,默认使用的选项值将被设为和’–prefix’选项值一样.
微调安装目录
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
……
--bindir=DIR
指定二进制文件的安装位置，这里的二进制文件定义为可以被用户直接执行的程序。
--sbindir=DIR
指定超级二进制文件的安装位置.这是一些通常只能由超级用户执行的程序。
--libexecdir=DIR
指定可执行支持文件的安装位置。与二进制文件相反，这些文件从来不直接由用户执行，但是可以被上面提到的二进制文件所执行。
--datadir=DIR
指定通用数据文件的安装位置。
--libdir=DIR
指定库文件的安装位置。
--includedir=DIR
指定为除GCC外编译器安装的C头文件的安装位置。
--infodir=DIR
指定Info格式文档的安装位置.Info是被GNU工程所使用的文档格式。
--mandir=DIR
指定手册页的安装位置。
--srcdir=DIR
这个选项对安装没有作用，他会告诉’configure’源码的位置。一般来说不用指定此选项，因为’configure’脚本一般和源码文件在同一个目录下。
配置程序名称
Program names:
--program-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to installed program names
--program-suffix=SUFFIX append SUFFIX to installed program names
--program-transform-name=PROGRAM run sed PROGRAM on installed program names
--program-prefix=my
在生成的可执行文件前加前缀my，例如，使用’–program-prefix=g’来configure一个名为’tar’的程序将会使安装的程序被命名为’gtar’。当和其他的安装选项一起使用时，这个选项只有当他被`Makefile.in’文件使用时才会工作。
--program-suffix=suffix
在生成的可执行文件上加后缀suffix。
--program-transform-name=program
将可执行文件的名字设置为program，例如，假设生成的默认可执行文件的名字为hello，执行
./configure --program-prefix=test- && make && make install
则生成名字为test-hello的可执行文件。
配置系统类型
System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
--target=TARGET configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]
--build=BUILD
指定软件包安装的系统平台。如果没有指定，默认值将是’–host’选项的值。
--host=HOST
指定软件运行的系统平台。如果没有指定。将会运行`config.guess’来检测。
--target=GARGET
指定软件面向(target to)的系统平台。这主要在程序语言工具如编译器和汇编器上下文中起作用。如果没有指定，默认将使用’–host’选项的值。
示例：
./configure --target=mipsel-linux --host=mipsel-linux
详细用法参考：https://blog.csdn.net/mayue_web/article/details/103987915
配置可选特性
Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
……
--enable-werror
将编译警告视为错误。
配置包选项
Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
……
–with-PACKAGE[=ARG]
在自由软件社区里，有使用已有软件包和库的优秀传统。当用’configure’来配置一个源码树时，可以提供其他已经安装的软件包的信息。例如，倚赖于Tcl和Tk的BLT器件工具包。要配置BLT，可能需要给’configure’提供一些关于我们把Tcl和Tk装的何处的信息：
./configure --with-tcl=/usr/local --with-tk=/usr/local
‘–with-PACKAGE=no’与下面将提到的’–without-PACKAGE’是同义的。
--without-PACKAGE
有时候你可能不想让你的软件包与系统已有的软件包交互。例如，你可能不想让你的新编译器使用GNU ld。通过使用这个选项可以做到这一点：
./configure --without-gnu-ld
配置编译环境变量
Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
……
CC=
.c文件的编译命令，示例CC=/usr/bin/mipsel-linux-gcc
CFLAGS=
.c文件的编译选项，示例CFLAGS="-g -O2 -I/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install/include"
LDFLAGS=
链接选项，示例LDFLAGS="-L/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install/lib"
LIBS=
链接库，示例LIBS="-lpthread"
CPPFLAGS=
C/C++文件预处理选项，示例
CXX=
c++文件的编译命令，示例CXX=/usr/bin/mipsel-linux-g++
CXXFLAGS=
c++文件的编译选项，示例
CPP=
C预处理器，示例
3. 综合示例
示例1：
./configure CC=/usr/bin/mipsel-linux-gcc --host=mipsel-linux --target=mipsel-linux --program-prefix=mipsel-linux --prefix=/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install
示例2：
./configure CC=/usr/bin/mipsel-linux-gcc --enable-static CFLAGS="-g -O2 -I/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install/include" LDFLAGS="-L/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install/lib" --prefix=/home/mayue/bulidspace/gdb-7.6.1/install/mipsel --target=mipsel-linux --host=mipsel-linux --program-prefix=mipsel-linux-
示例3
./configure --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=mipsel-linux --prefix="$PWD/install"
参考资料
https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/86112f1382da1e27379787ed.html
https://blog.csdn.net/dslztx/article/details/49079303
https://www.cnblogs.com/zl-graduate/articles/6600742.html
https://www.jianshu.com/p/0d64954eb9bc
