View的绘制
一.简介
Android中的View是以Activity为载体存在的。Activity相当于一个完整的用户界面，他提供一个窗口来绘制各种View。一般来说，View存在两种形式：一种是单一的View控件；另一种是包含多个View的ViewGroup容器。
那一个View要绘制出来需要经过哪些过程呢？下面我们逐一给出。
二.measure方法
1.MeasureSpec
MeasureSpec是View的一个内部类。他封装了从父级传递到子级的布局要求。每个测量值代表了对于View的宽度和高度的要求。
先来看他的源码：
public static class MeasureSpec {
private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
/** @hide */
@IntDef({UNSPECIFIED, EXACTLY, AT_MOST})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
public @interface MeasureSpecMode {}
/**
* Measure specification mode: The parent has not imposed any constraint
* on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.
*/
public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Measure specification mode: The parent has determined an exact size
* for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless
* of how big it wants to be.
*/
public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Measure specification mode: The child can be as large as it wants up
* to the specified size.
*/
public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Creates a measure specification based on the supplied size and mode.
*
* The mode must always be one of the following:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED}</li>
* <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}</li>
* <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST}</li>
* </ul>
*
* <p><strong>Note:</strong> On API level 17 and lower, makeMeasureSpec's
* implementation was such that the order of arguments did not matter
* and overflow in either value could impact the resulting MeasureSpec.
* {@link android.widget.RelativeLayout} was affected by this bug.
* Apps targeting API levels greater than 17 will get the fixed, more strict
* behavior.</p>
*
* @param size the size of the measure specification
* @param mode the mode of the measure specification
* @return the measure specification based on size and mode
*/
public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,
@MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
return size + mode;
} else {
return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
}
}
/**
* Like {@link #makeMeasureSpec(int, int)}, but any spec with a mode of UNSPECIFIED
* will automatically get a size of 0. Older apps expect this.
*
* @hide internal use only for compatibility with system widgets and older apps
*/
@UnsupportedAppUsage
public static int makeSafeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
if (sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec && mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
return 0;
}
return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
}
/**
* Extracts the mode from the supplied measure specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the mode from
* @return {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED},
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST} or
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}
*/
@MeasureSpecMode
public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
//noinspection ResourceType
return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
}
/**
* Extracts the size from the supplied measure specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the size from
* @return the size in pixels defined in the supplied measure specification
*/
public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
}
static int adjust(int measureSpec, int delta) {
final int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
int size = getSize(measureSpec);
if (mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
// No need to adjust size for UNSPECIFIED mode.
return makeMeasureSpec(size, UNSPECIFIED);
}
size += delta;
if (size < 0) {
Log.e(VIEW_LOG_TAG, "MeasureSpec.adjust: new size would be negative! (" + size +
") spec: " + toString(measureSpec) + " delta: " + delta);
size = 0;
}
return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
}
/**
* Returns a String representation of the specified measure
* specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to convert to a String
* @return a String with the following format: "MeasureSpec: MODE SIZE"
*/
public static String toString(int measureSpec) {
int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
int size = getSize(measureSpec);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("MeasureSpec: ");
if (mode == UNSPECIFIED)
sb.append("UNSPECIFIED ");
else if (mode == EXACTLY)
sb.append("EXACTLY ");
else if (mode == AT_MOST)
sb.append("AT_MOST ");
else
sb.append(mode).append(" ");
sb.append(size);
return sb.toString();
}
}
从源码中看到MeasureSpec是一个32位int类型数值。前2位表示Spec Mode，后30位表示Spec Size。
Spec Mode一共有三种：UNSPECIFIED、EXACTLY、AT_MOST
UNSPECIFIED：未指定。父级对子级没有任何约束条件，可以是任意大小。
EXACTLY：准确地。父级已确定了子级的确切大小。子级不管多大都要在这个界限内。
AT_MOST：最多地。子级可以按其需要大到指定的大小。
2.View的measure
measure翻译过来就是绘制，在View的绘制中是用来确认View的宽高。来看View.java中的源码实现：
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_SYSTRACE_MEASURE) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure : " + getClass().getSimpleName());
}
boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
int oWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
int oHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(widthMeasureSpec, optical ? -oWidth : oWidth);
heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(heightMeasureSpec, optical ? -oHeight : oHeight);
}
ViewDebugManager.getInstance().debugOnMeasureStart(this,
widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec, mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
// Suppress sign extension for the low bytes
long key = (long) widthMeasureSpec << 32 | (long) heightMeasureSpec & 0xffffffffL;
if (mMeasureCache == null) mMeasureCache = new LongSparseLongArray(2);
final boolean forceLayout = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
// Optimize layout by avoiding an extra EXACTLY pass when the view is
// already measured as the correct size. In API 23 and below, this
// extra pass is required to make LinearLayout re-distribute weight.
final boolean specChanged = widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec
|| heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec;
final boolean isSpecExactly = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY
&& MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
final boolean matchesSpecSize = getMeasuredWidth() == MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec)
&& getMeasuredHeight() == MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
final boolean needsLayout = specChanged
&& (sAlwaysRemeasureExactly || !isSpecExactly || !matchesSpecSize);
if (forceLayout || needsLayout) {
// first clears the measured dimension flag
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
resolveRtlPropertiesIfNeeded();
int cacheIndex = forceLayout ? -1 : mMeasureCache.indexOfKey(key);
if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) {
// measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
/// M: Monitor onMeasue time if longer than 3s print log.
long logTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
ViewDebugManager.getInstance().debugOnMeasureEnd(this, logTime);
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
} else {
long value = mMeasureCache.valueAt(cacheIndex);
// Casting a long to int drops the high 32 bits, no mask needed
setMeasuredDimensionRaw((int) (value >> 32), (int) value);
mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
}
// flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
// an exception to warn the developer
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
throw new IllegalStateException("View with id " + getId() + ": "
+ getClass().getName() + "#onMeasure() did not set the"
+ " measured dimension by calling"
+ " setMeasuredDimension()");
}
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
}
mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
mMeasureCache.put(key, ((long) mMeasuredWidth) << 32 |
(long) mMeasuredHeight & 0xffffffffL); // suppress sign extension
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_SYSTRACE_MEASURE) {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
}
首先是对MeasureSpec类中的SpecMode、SpecSize等进行赋值。之后会调用核心方法onMeasure：
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}
通过调用getDefaultSize()方法主要是根据不同的Spec Mode返回对应的Spec Size，如果是UNSPECIFIED模式，返回的是getSuggestedMinimumWidth()/getSuggestedMinimumHeight()的返回值（如果View没有设置背景则返回mMinWidth/mMinHeight，如果设置了背景就返回mMinWidth/mMinHeight和Drawable最小宽度/高度两个值的最大值）。
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}
将getDefaultSize()方法的返回值作为参数传入方法setMeasuredDimension()中：
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
int opticalWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
int opticalHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
measuredWidth += optical ? opticalWidth : -opticalWidth;
measuredHeight += optical ? opticalHeight : -opticalHeight;
}
setMeasuredDimensionRaw(measuredWidth, measuredHeight);
}
设置View的宽高后调用setMeasuredDimensionRaw()：
private void setMeasuredDimensionRaw(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
}
将传入的参数对应的赋值给mMeasuredWidth、mMeasuredHeight。
3.ViewGroup的measureChildren
ViewGroup类中没有measure方法/onMeasure方法，而是measureChildren()方法，来看他的源码：
protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
final int size = mChildrenCount;
final View[] children = mChildren;
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
final View child = children[i];
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}
}
上面通过遍历ViewGroup中的子View之后调用measureChild()方法：
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_LAYOUT) {
ViewDebugManager.getInstance().debugViewGroupChildMeasure(child, this, lp, -1, -1);
}
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
调用getChildMeasureSpec/getChildMeasureSpec方法并将返回值作为参数传入子view的measure()方法。这里就会调用到第一节的view的measure方法的流程中去了。来看getChildMeasureSpec()方法的源码实现：
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... so be it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... let him have it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
// be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
// big it should be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
}
break;
}
//noinspection ResourceType
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}
先根据父View的SpecMode做分类，再根据子View的LayoutParams属性得到子元素的MeasureSpec属性。
所以，在measure过程中，ViewGroup会根据自己当前的状况，结合子View的尺寸数据，进行一个综合评定，然后把相关信息告诉子View，然后子View在onMeasure自己的时候，一边需要考虑到自己的大小，一边还需要考虑父布局的限制信息，然后综合评定，测量出一个最优的结果。
4.RelativeLayout的onMeasure
RelativeLayout是ViewGroup的子类，如第二节讲的ViewGroup中没有onMeasure()方法的实现，原因也很简单，ViewGroup有不同的布局的情况，很难有一个统一的测量方法。来看RelativeLayout的onMeasure()方法的源码：
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
if (mDirtyHierarchy) {
mDirtyHierarchy = false;
sortChildren();
}
int myWidth = -1;
int myHeight = -1;
int width = 0;
int height = 0;
final int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
final int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
final int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
final int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
// Record our dimensions if they are known;
if (widthMode != MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {
myWidth = widthSize;
}
if (heightMode != MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {
myHeight = heightSize;
}
if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
width = myWidth;
}
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
height = myHeight;
}
View ignore = null;
int gravity = mGravity & Gravity.RELATIVE_HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
final boolean horizontalGravity = gravity != Gravity.START && gravity != 0;
gravity = mGravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
final boolean verticalGravity = gravity != Gravity.TOP && gravity != 0;
int left = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int top = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int right = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
int bottom = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
boolean offsetHorizontalAxis = false;
boolean offsetVerticalAxis = false;
if ((horizontalGravity || verticalGravity) && mIgnoreGravity != View.NO_ID) {
ignore = findViewById(mIgnoreGravity);
}
final boolean isWrapContentWidth = widthMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
final boolean isWrapContentHeight = heightMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
// We need to know our size for doing the correct computation of children positioning in RTL
// mode but there is no practical way to get it instead of running the code below.
// So, instead of running the code twice, we just set the width to a "default display width"
// before the computation and then, as a last pass, we will update their real position with
// an offset equals to "DEFAULT_WIDTH - width".
final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();
if (isLayoutRtl() && myWidth == -1) {
myWidth = DEFAULT_WIDTH;
}
View[] views = mSortedHorizontalChildren;
int count = views.length;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
View child = views[i];
if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int[] rules = params.getRules(layoutDirection);
applyHorizontalSizeRules(params, myWidth, rules);
measureChildHorizontal(child, params, myWidth, myHeight);
if (positionChildHorizontal(child, params, myWidth, isWrapContentWidth)) {
offsetHorizontalAxis = true;
}
}
}
views = mSortedVerticalChildren;
count = views.length;
final int targetSdkVersion = getContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = views[i];
if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
applyVerticalSizeRules(params, myHeight, child.getBaseline());
measureChild(child, params, myWidth, myHeight);
if (positionChildVertical(child, params, myHeight, isWrapContentHeight)) {
offsetVerticalAxis = true;
}
if (isWrapContentWidth) {
if (isLayoutRtl()) {
if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
width = Math.max(width, myWidth - params.mLeft);
} else {
width = Math.max(width, myWidth - params.mLeft + params.leftMargin);
}
} else {
if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
width = Math.max(width, params.mRight);
} else {
width = Math.max(width, params.mRight + params.rightMargin);
}
}
}
if (isWrapContentHeight) {
if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
height = Math.max(height, params.mBottom);
} else {
height = Math.max(height, params.mBottom + params.bottomMargin);
}
}
if (child != ignore || verticalGravity) {
left = Math.min(left, params.mLeft - params.leftMargin);
top = Math.min(top, params.mTop - params.topMargin);
}
if (child != ignore || horizontalGravity) {
right = Math.max(right, params.mRight + params.rightMargin);
bottom = Math.max(bottom, params.mBottom + params.bottomMargin);
}
}
}
// Use the top-start-most laid out view as the baseline. RTL offsets are
// applied later, so we can use the left-most edge as the starting edge.
View baselineView = null;
LayoutParams baselineParams = null;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = views[i];
if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final LayoutParams childParams = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
if (baselineView == null || baselineParams == null
|| compareLayoutPosition(childParams, baselineParams) < 0) {
baselineView = child;
baselineParams = childParams;
}
}
}
mBaselineView = baselineView;
if (isWrapContentWidth) {
// Width already has left padding in it since it was calculated by looking at
// the right of each child view
width += mPaddingRight;
if (mLayoutParams != null && mLayoutParams.width >= 0) {
width = Math.max(width, mLayoutParams.width);
}
width = Math.max(width, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());
width = resolveSize(width, widthMeasureSpec);
if (offsetHorizontalAxis) {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = views[i];
if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int[] rules = params.getRules(layoutDirection);
if (rules[CENTER_IN_PARENT] != 0 || rules[CENTER_HORIZONTAL] != 0) {
centerHorizontal(child, params, width);
} else if (rules[ALIGN_PARENT_RIGHT] != 0) {
final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
params.mLeft = width - mPaddingRight - childWidth;
params.mRight = params.mLeft + childWidth;
}
}
}
}
}
if (isWrapContentHeight) {
// Height already has top padding in it since it was calculated by looking at
// the bottom of each child view
height += mPaddingBottom;
if (mLayoutParams != null && mLayoutParams.height >= 0) {
height = Math.max(height, mLayoutParams.height);
}
height = Math.max(height, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
height = resolveSize(height, heightMeasureSpec);
if (offsetVerticalAxis) {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = views[i];
if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int[] rules = params.getRules(layoutDirection);
if (rules[CENTER_IN_PARENT] != 0 || rules[CENTER_VERTICAL] != 0) {
centerVertical(child, params, height);
} else if (rules[ALIGN_PARENT_BOTTOM] != 0) {
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
params.mTop = height - mPaddingBottom - childHeight;
params.mBottom = params.mTop + childHeight;
}
}
}
}
}
if (horizontalGravity || verticalGravity) {
final Rect selfBounds = mSelfBounds;
selfBounds.set(mPaddingLeft, mPaddingTop, width - mPaddingRight,
height - mPaddingBottom);
final Rect contentBounds = mContentBounds;
Gravity.apply(mGravity, right - left, bottom - top, selfBounds, contentBounds,
layoutDirection);
final int horizontalOffset = contentBounds.left - left;
final int verticalOffset = contentBounds.top - top;
if (horizontalOffset != 0 || verticalOffset != 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = views[i];
if (child.getVisibility() != GONE && child != ignore) {
final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
if (horizontalGravity) {
params.mLeft += horizontalOffset;
params.mRight += horizontalOffset;
}
if (verticalGravity) {
params.mTop += verticalOffset;
params.mBottom += verticalOffset;
}
}
}
}
}
if (isLayoutRtl()) {
final int offsetWidth = myWidth - width;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = views[i];
if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
params.mLeft -= offsetWidth;
params.mRight -= offsetWidth;
}
}
}
setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
}
首先根据传入的widthMeasureSpec/heightMeasureSpec获取宽高的模式/大小；接着获取gravity属性并赋值给布尔对象horizontalGravity/verticalGravity。接着再遍历水平方向/垂直方向的各个子View并调用measureChild()方法，这个方法最终就会调用到各个View的measure()方法。然后判断isWrapContentWidth/isWrapContentHeight/horizontalGravity || verticalGravity/isLayoutRtl()，赋值给对应的LayoutParams属性。最后调用View中的setMeasuredDimension()方法。重新回到第二节所讲的。
三.Layout方法
1.View的layout
layout翻译为布局，用来确定View的位置。来看View中layout()方法的实现：
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_SYSTRACE_LAYOUT) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "layout : " + getClass().getSimpleName());
}
if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {
long logTime = ViewDebugManager.getInstance().debugOnMeasureStart(this,
mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldWidthMeasureSpec,
mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
ViewDebugManager.getInstance().debugOnMeasureEnd(this, logTime);
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
}
int oldL = mLeft;
int oldT = mTop;
int oldB = mBottom;
int oldR = mRight;
boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);
if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
if (shouldDrawRoundScrollbar()) {
if(mRoundScrollbarRenderer == null) {
mRoundScrollbarRenderer = new RoundScrollbarRenderer(this);
}
} else {
mRoundScrollbarRenderer = null;
}
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
(ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
}
}
} else {
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_LAYOUT) {
Log.d(VIEW_LOG_TAG, "view layout end 2 (use previous layout), this = " + this);
}
}
final boolean wasLayoutValid = isLayoutValid();
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_IS_LAID_OUT;
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_SYSTRACE_LAYOUT) {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
if (!wasLayoutValid && isFocused()) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_WANTS_FOCUS;
if (canTakeFocus()) {
// We have a robust focus, so parents should no longer be wanting focus.
clearParentsWantFocus();
} else if (getViewRootImpl() == null || !getViewRootImpl().isInLayout()) {
// This is a weird case. Most-likely the user, rather than ViewRootImpl, called
// layout. In this case, there's no guarantee that parent layouts will be evaluated
// and thus the safest action is to clear focus here.
clearFocusInternal(null, /* propagate */ true, /* refocus */ false);
clearParentsWantFocus();
} else if (!hasParentWantsFocus()) {
// original requestFocus was likely on this view directly, so just clear focus
clearFocusInternal(null, /* propagate */ true, /* refocus */ false);
}
// otherwise, we let parents handle re-assigning focus during their layout passes.
} else if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_WANTS_FOCUS) != 0) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_WANTS_FOCUS;
View focused = findFocus();
if (focused != null) {
// Try to restore focus as close as possible to our starting focus.
if (!restoreDefaultFocus() && !hasParentWantsFocus()) {
// Give up and clear focus once we've reached the top-most parent which wants
// focus.
focused.clearFocusInternal(null, /* propagate */ true, /* refocus */ false);
}
}
}
if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_NOTIFY_AUTOFILL_ENTER_ON_LAYOUT) != 0) {
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_NOTIFY_AUTOFILL_ENTER_ON_LAYOUT;
notifyEnterOrExitForAutoFillIfNeeded(true);
}
}
可以看到传参是4个坐标，子控件的左、右、上、下相对于父容器的左、右、上、下边缘的距离。接着看到调用onLayout()方法：
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
}
看到onLayout()方法中没有实现方法，这需要确定位置的时候，各个控件自身去实现。
2.RelativeLayout的onLayout
ViewGroup中没有layout()/onLayout()的方法实现，那我们就要看子类中的实现，还是以LinearLayout为例看他的onLayout()源码：
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
layoutVertical(l, t, r, b);
} else {
layoutHorizontal(l, t, r, b);
}
}
根据View的方向对应调用layoutVertical()或者layoutHorizontal()，来看layoutVertical()源码：
void layoutVertical(int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
final int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;
int childTop;
int childLeft;
// Where right end of child should go
final int width = right - left;
int childRight = width - mPaddingRight;
// Space available for child
int childSpace = width - paddingLeft - mPaddingRight;
final int count = getVirtualChildCount();
final int majorGravity = mGravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
final int minorGravity = mGravity & Gravity.RELATIVE_HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
switch (majorGravity) {
case Gravity.BOTTOM:
// mTotalLength contains the padding already
childTop = mPaddingTop + bottom - top - mTotalLength;
break;
// mTotalLength contains the padding already
case Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL:
childTop = mPaddingTop + (bottom - top - mTotalLength) / 2;
break;
case Gravity.TOP:
default:
childTop = mPaddingTop;
break;
}
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i);
if (child == null) {
childTop += measureNullChild(i);
} else if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
final LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp =
(LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
int gravity = lp.gravity;
if (gravity < 0) {
gravity = minorGravity;
}
final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();
final int absoluteGravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(gravity, layoutDirection);
switch (absoluteGravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) {
case Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL:
childLeft = paddingLeft + ((childSpace - childWidth) / 2)
+ lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin;
break;
case Gravity.RIGHT:
childLeft = childRight - childWidth - lp.rightMargin;
break;
case Gravity.LEFT:
default:
childLeft = paddingLeft + lp.leftMargin;
break;
}
if (hasDividerBeforeChildAt(i)) {
childTop += mDividerHeight;
}
childTop += lp.topMargin;
setChildFrame(child, childLeft, childTop + getLocationOffset(child),
childWidth, childHeight);
childTop += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child);
i += getChildrenSkipCount(child, i);
}
}
}
可以看到根据Gravity属性，获取对应的childTop、childLeft值，之后再将子View的上下左右的距离计算出来传入setChildFrame()方法，接着叠加childTop值，循环上面的操作直至遍历完所有子View：
private void setChildFrame(View child, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
child.layout(left, top, left + width, top + height);
}
该方法就会去调用子View的layout()方法以此确定子View的位置，重新回到第一节的流程上。
注意：
因为View中的onLayout方法是空方法，ViewGroup中的onLayout方法是abstract的，若自定义View要继承ViewGroup的时候，必须实现onLayout方法。
四.draw方法
1.View的draw
draw翻译为画画，当我们完成了测量View的宽高，确认View的位置。这时需要的就是画出View。画出View的过程，具体调用graphic提供的接口绘制View的外观。来看View的draw()方法：
@CallSuper
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;
/*
* Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
* in the appropriate order:
*
* 1. Draw the background
* 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
* 3. Draw view's content
* 4. Draw children
* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
*/
// Step 1, draw the background, if needed
int saveCount;
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_SYSTRACE_DRAW) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "draw:" + getClass().getName());
}
drawBackground(canvas);
// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
// Step 3, draw the content
/// M: Monitor onDraw time if longer than 3s print log.
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_SYSTRACE_DRAW) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "onDraw:" + getClass().getName());
}
long logTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
onDraw(canvas);
ViewDebugManager.getInstance().debugOnDrawDone(this, logTime);
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_SYSTRACE_DRAW) {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);
// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
onDrawForeground(canvas);
// Step 7, draw the default focus highlight
drawDefaultFocusHighlight(canvas);
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_SYSTRACE_DRAW) {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
if (debugDraw()) {
debugDrawFocus(canvas);
}
// we're done...
return;
}
/*
* Here we do the full fledged routine...
* (this is an uncommon case where speed matters less,
* this is why we repeat some of the tests that have been
* done above)
*/
boolean drawTop = false;
boolean drawBottom = false;
boolean drawLeft = false;
boolean drawRight = false;
float topFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float bottomFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float leftFadeStrength = 0.0f;
float rightFadeStrength = 0.0f;
// Step 2, save the canvas' layers
int paddingLeft = mPaddingLeft;
final boolean offsetRequired = isPaddingOffsetRequired();
if (offsetRequired) {
paddingLeft += getLeftPaddingOffset();
}
int left = mScrollX + paddingLeft;
int right = left + mRight - mLeft - mPaddingRight - paddingLeft;
int top = mScrollY + getFadeTop(offsetRequired);
int bottom = top + getFadeHeight(offsetRequired);
if (offsetRequired) {
right += getRightPaddingOffset();
bottom += getBottomPaddingOffset();
}
final ScrollabilityCache scrollabilityCache = mScrollCache;
final float fadeHeight = scrollabilityCache.fadingEdgeLength;
int length = (int) fadeHeight;
// clip the fade length if top and bottom fades overlap
// overlapping fades produce odd-looking artifacts
if (verticalEdges && (top + length > bottom - length)) {
length = (bottom - top) / 2;
}
// also clip horizontal fades if necessary
if (horizontalEdges && (left + length > right - length)) {
length = (right - left) / 2;
}
if (verticalEdges) {
topFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getTopFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawTop = topFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
bottomFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getBottomFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawBottom = bottomFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
}
if (horizontalEdges) {
leftFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getLeftFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawLeft = leftFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
rightFadeStrength = Math.max(0.0f, Math.min(1.0f, getRightFadingEdgeStrength()));
drawRight = rightFadeStrength * fadeHeight > 1.0f;
}
saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount();
int topSaveCount = -1;
int bottomSaveCount = -1;
int leftSaveCount = -1;
int rightSaveCount = -1;
int solidColor = getSolidColor();
if (solidColor == 0) {
if (drawTop) {
topSaveCount = canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(left, top, right, top + length);
}
if (drawBottom) {
bottomSaveCount = canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(left, bottom - length, right, bottom);
}
if (drawLeft) {
leftSaveCount = canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(left, top, left + length, bottom);
}
if (drawRight) {
rightSaveCount = canvas.saveUnclippedLayer(right - length, top, right, bottom);
}
} else {
scrollabilityCache.setFadeColor(solidColor);
}
// Step 3, draw the content
/// M: Monitor onDraw time if longer than 3s print log.
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_SYSTRACE_DRAW) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "onDraw:" + getClass().getName());
}
long logTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
onDraw(canvas);
ViewDebugManager.getInstance().debugOnDrawDone(this, logTime);
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_SYSTRACE_DRAW) {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers
final Paint p = scrollabilityCache.paint;
final Matrix matrix = scrollabilityCache.matrix;
final Shader fade = scrollabilityCache.shader;
// must be restored in the reverse order that they were saved
if (drawRight) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * rightFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(90);
matrix.postTranslate(right, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
if (solidColor == 0) {
canvas.restoreUnclippedLayer(rightSaveCount, p);
} else {
canvas.drawRect(right - length, top, right, bottom, p);
}
}
if (drawLeft) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * leftFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(-90);
matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
if (solidColor == 0) {
canvas.restoreUnclippedLayer(leftSaveCount, p);
} else {
canvas.drawRect(left, top, left + length, bottom, p);
}
}
if (drawBottom) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * bottomFadeStrength);
matrix.postRotate(180);
matrix.postTranslate(left, bottom);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
if (solidColor == 0) {
canvas.restoreUnclippedLayer(bottomSaveCount, p);
} else {
canvas.drawRect(left, bottom - length, right, bottom, p);
}
}
if (drawTop) {
matrix.setScale(1, fadeHeight * topFadeStrength);
matrix.postTranslate(left, top);
fade.setLocalMatrix(matrix);
p.setShader(fade);
if (solidColor == 0) {
canvas.restoreUnclippedLayer(topSaveCount, p);
} else {
canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, top + length, p);
}
}
canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount);
drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);
// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
onDrawForeground(canvas);
if (debugDraw()) {
debugDrawFocus(canvas);
}
if (ViewDebugManager.DEBUG_SYSTRACE_DRAW) {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
}
draw绘制流程在代码中注释很明确的给出的顺序：1.绘制View背景；2.绘制View自身内容；3.绘制View的子视图；4.绘制fade、edges、layer；5.绘制scrollBar。
五.总结
综上，View绘制流程函数调用顺序：measure --> layout --> draw。这里的流程图大家去跟一下源码即可。
另，此篇中的源码是基于Android 10的源码。
