Apache Tomcat服务部署网站

Tomcat是Apache软件基金会 (Apache Software Foundation)的Jakarta项目中的一个核心项目,由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成.由于有了Sun的参与和支持,最新的Servlet和JSP规范总是能在Tomcat中得到体现,因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,而且免费,因而深受Java爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可,成为目前比较流行的Web应用服务器.

由于 Tomcat 本身也内含了一个 HTTP 服务器,它也可以被视作一个单独的 Web 服务器.但是,不能将 Tomcat 和 Apache HTTP 服务器混淆 Apache HTTP 服务器是一个用 C 语言实现的 HTTP Web 服务器,这两个 HTTP web server 不是捆绑在一起的.Tomcat 包含了一个配置管理工具,也可以通过编辑XML格式的配置文件来进行配置.

Tomcat环境搭建

1.由于Tomcat使用Java开发,所以应该下载并安装JDK.

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf jdk-*.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/jdk-*/ /usr/local/jdk

2.修改环境配置文件写入以下内容,保证下次开机配置好Java环境.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile

#------------------------------------------------------------------
#Java-JDK-Path
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export JAVA_BIN=/usr/local/jdk/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME JAVA_BIN PATH CLASSPATH
#------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

3.下载并解压安装Tomcat.

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat9.0.7.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzvf apache-tomcat-9.0.7.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.7/ /usr/local/tomcat

4.修改环境配置文件写入以下内容.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile

#------------------------------------------------------------------
#Apache-Tomcat-Path

export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$PATH:$TOMCAT_HOME/bin
#------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

5.赋予可执行权限,启动Tomcat,并设置成开机自启动.

[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/tomcat/bin/*
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start" >> /etc/profile

部署静态页面

1.创建一个默认目录,用来保存起始页面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/webindex
[root@localhost ~]# echo "hello world" > /usr/local/tomcat/webindex/index.html

2.修改tomcat主配置文件,具体只需要修改两处位置即可.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

67          Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
68     -->
69     <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"          #将此处端口改为80
70                connectionTimeout="20000"
71                redirectPort="8443" />
72     <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
73     <!--
......
157         <!-- Access log processes all example.
158              Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
159              Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
160         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
161                prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
162                pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
163           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webindex" reloadable="false" />   #添加本行,指定一下配置文件位置
164
165       </Host>
166     </Engine>

3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

Java-war包部署

1.将War包拷入到 /usr/local/tomcat/webapps 目录下,并删除 ROOT 缓存目录.

[root@localhost ~]# cp -a *.war  /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@localhost ~]# rm -fr /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/*

2.编辑Tomcat主配置文件,在相应的区域中加入以下标★语句.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

146       </Realm>
147 
148       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
★     <Context path="" docBase="war包名称.war" debug="0" privileged="true"/>
150 
151         <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
152              Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
153         <!--
154         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />

3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

Tomcat虚拟主机

◆基于端口虚拟主机◆

基于端口的虚拟主机,可以让用户通过端口号,来访问服务器上的资源,在配置虚拟网站时,基于端口的配置方式最为复杂,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上配置多个端口,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个端口.

1.首先在tomcat目录创建两个目录分别存放两个虚拟主机页面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2

[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost1" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost2" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html

2.修改主配置文件,添加在server.xml,中设置两个service组件.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

 53   <Service name="Catalina">
 54     <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
 55     <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
 56
 57     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
 58       <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
 59         <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
 60       </Realm>
 61
 62       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
 63
 64         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
 65           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1" reloadable="false" />
 66       </Host>
 67     </Engine>
 68   </Service>
 69
 70   <Service name="Catalina1">
 71     <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
 72     <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
 73
 74     <Engine name="Catalina1" defaultHost="localhost">
 75       <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
 76         <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
 77       </Realm>
 78
 79       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
 80
 81         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
 82           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2" reloadable="false" />
 83       </Host>
 84     </Engine>
 85   </Service>

3.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start

◆基于域名虚拟主机◆

当服务器无法为每一个网站分配一个独立的IP的时候,可以尝试让Apache自动识别用户请求的域名,从而根据不同的域名请求来传输不同的内容,这里我们为了验证实验要手动搭建一个DNS解析,以下实验将实现在一台服务器上多个域名,搭建多个网站,每个网站使用一个域名.

1.配置域名与Ip的映射管理,这里你可以配置DNS解析,也可以直接写host文件测试.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

127.0.0.1 www.wang.com www
127.0.0.1 www.rui.com www

2.在tomcat目录创建两个目录分别存放两个虚拟主机页面.

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2

[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost1" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# echo "vhost2" > /usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2/index.html

3.修改server.xml主配置文件,修改以下内容即可.

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml

 53   <Service name="Catalina">
 54     <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
 55     <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
 56
 57     <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
 58       <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
 59         <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
 60       </Realm>
 61
 62       <Host name="www.wang.com"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
 63         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
 64           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost1" reloadable="false" />
 65       </Host>
 66       <Host name="www.rui.com"  appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
 67         <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
 68           <Context path="" docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/virtual/vhost2" reloadable="false" />
 69       </Host>
 70
 71     </Engine>
 72   </Service>

4.重新启动Tomcat,稍等片刻即可完成部署.

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start