第一部分：按照下面的模板总结其英文写作句式及表达，补充模板里尚没有的；
第二部分：整理一些比较好的，套路化句子。
一、简要综述以往和现在研究：
某方法被认为如何如何：
(1)…has/have been untilized for doing
(2)such methords have shown...for...,however they are still...
(3)...which is considered to be ...
(4)...is thought to do...
(5)The topic of xx is one of the most active areas in yy research today…
(6)one of the most significant current discussions in xx is …
(7)The x has been investgated by many researchers using…
某方法很重要：
(1)while...is an important cue for...
(2)...is a major challenge in...
(3)the significance of ...cannot be overemphasized
(4)it is necessary that...
(5)In this work ,we address the problem of +doing sth.
(6)To this end ,we propose xx.
(7)Recent development in the filed of X have led to a renewed interest in…
大量研究： (1)research efforts have been made to...
(2)many efforts have been done for...
(3)a great quantity of
(4)an enormous amount of research
(5)a great deal of
(6)tremendous amount of research
少量研究：
(1) limited study;
(2) Insufficient research
“揭示”“表明”：
(1)It demonstrates that...
(2)for representation,
(3)open doors to
(4)brings insight into
(5)This is a clear demonstration of
在过去一段时间：
(1)Historically,
(2)over a period of time
(3)...of the recent past
(4)In rencent years, there has been an increasing interest in …
(5) Recently,researchers have shown an increased interest in …
(6) Current research have thus been foused on the application of sun advanced techniques as x,y,z and fuzzy logics to xxproblem.(过去研究中出现的问题，说明本文研究对象的重要性)
导致，造成：
(1)This has contributed to
(2)bring about
花式夸过往研究：
(1)It is more practical as...
(2)Experiments demonstrate that...outperforms
越来越受到关注：
(1)concerns are growing about
(2)More and more attention is paid to
基于、建立在…基础上、提出
(1)The xx employed in this work is based on the yy.
(2)The main srteam in the research for nonlinear control systems is based on the satate space representation.
二、重点回顾与本工作相关的研究：
有相关性：
(1)This work is an extension of...
(2)The closest work to our methord is...
下结论，因此：
(1)The simulation results show...
(2)Conclude ,obtained from, resulting in .
(3)As a simple corollary of our analysis, we obtain that …in the sense of xx is the same as in yy Fliese
(4)The results when compared with available diagnostic tools show that significant benefits can be derived from the actual application of this technique.
(5)The results of the present study also suggest that…
(6)Our finding revealed that…
举例：
(1)There are many aspect which determine...
解释原因：
(1)The causes for...are varied
(2)In view of, in consideration of ,on account of
(3)The finding is consistent with findings of past studies by Author,which…
(4)Consistent with findings by author, we found that…
(5)Author founds that…,which is in good agreement with the results of the present study.
引起注意的连接词： Moreover, To the best of our knowledge,More recently, Certainly, it is noticeable that...
三、以往工作的不足：
转折：
(1)However...can not be applied directly since
过去的观点：
(1)our initial research results indicate that...
研究不足：
(1)Unfortunately,
(2)Despite promising results,
(3)Most studies in x have only been carried out in a small number of area.
需要继续探索：
(1)In continuation to this work,
与之相反：
(1)constrast...can also be done in...
链接连词：
(1)as the process of...
(2)firstly,secondly
(3) In this regard
(4) by means of
(5) accordingly
(6) with respect to
(7) To this end
已有工作的评述：
(1)The results have been compared by...
(2)Recent progress in
对比
(1)The researche to data has tended to focus on x rather y
(2)However,there have been no controlled studies which compare differences in…
(3)Although x have been widly used on the y
(4)there has been limited use on …
四、回到本研究中来
研究目的：
(1)The goal of ...is to...
(2)The objective of the present work paper is to investigate…
(3)In this work we propose a simulation which uses…
(4)The objective of this study is to develop…
(5)This paper will focus on/examine/give an account of…
在本研究中：
(1)The proposed methord aims at...
研究的一系列“动作”：
(1)Another work uses...to...
解决问题：
(1)To address the issue,
(2)This allows as to...
研究价值展望：
(1)There is stil a long way for...
(2)...are becoming a trend to...
(3)for practical use we will...
(4)therefore opens a new door for...
研究意义：
(1)To accomplish this aim and to respond to a recent call for research to …
(2)The findings of this study will help…
(3)The contribution of this study is obious as the resulting outcomes can be capitalized as guidelines to …
第二部分：
在摘要中简单介绍本文工作的连接的句子
In this paper, we focus on the need for (引出本文研究对象）
This paper proceeds as follow. (引出本文结构）
The structure of the paper is as follows. (引出本文结构）
In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce xx and related concepts(介绍本文研究内容）
在介绍中介绍过渡的句子
（1）表示获得关注（常用于Abstract, Introduction等需要开篇的地方） In the past 10 years, considerable attention has been paid to perovskite materials falling-within the classification La1−xSrxMO3(where M is a transition metal) as catalysts for oxygen reduction. Among them, Mn-based oxides have attracted extensive interest because of low cost, high-abundance, environmental friendliness and considerable activity. Rechargeable magnesium batteries have lately received great attention for large-scale energy storage systems due to their high volumetric capacities, low materials cost, and safe characteristic.
（2）表示本领域目前出现的困境 （常用于Abstract, Introduction等处，尤其是在自己的新idea出现之前的地方）) However, rechargeable Mg–air batteries with reversible oxygen reduction and evolution-reactions are facing challenges and it is worthwhile devoting much effort to this. As can be seen, the development of cathode materials convenient for rechargeable Mg batteries remains an ongoing challenge due to strict requirements for the intercalation compound that ensures fast Mg 2+ ion transport in combination with a high operating voltage. Theoretical and experimental investigations on new cathode materials such as V2O5, MoS2, Li4Ti5O12, and MnO2 have demonstrated promising results, but it is generally agreed that a high-voltage high-capacity cathode with fast Mg2+ intercalation kinetics has yet to be identified. Although some encouraging progress have been made, developing appropriate electrode materials with high capacity and good reversibility is less successful and still require further research.
（3）引进一个新事物，新材料，新方法 （常用于Introduction强调自己研究的重要性） Among the various NASICON compounds, NVP has emerged as an interesting candidate because of its impressive energy density. NaFePO4, unlike its celebrated lithium analogue olivine type LiFePO4, crystallized in the more thermodynamically stable maricite structure, ... Hence, it is no surprise that similar NaMO2 compounds have been targeted as Na intercalation electrodes.
（4）过渡 Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.(过渡句). but there are several caveats that one has to consider. (承上启下) Like banks, most members of this system borrow very short-term and in liquid ways, are more highly leveraged than banks ( the exception being money market funds) and lend and invest into more illiquid and long-term instruments.（连续动词铺陈） the rationality of the analytical method is validated.(合理性得到验证) There are two important points to note here. Note also that, although ...., there are .... In particular, there are .... These are known as ..... The foundations of ... were laid in the nineteenth century, notably by ..... Central to the study of this subject are .... In the remainder of this section, we briefly explain the details of this process and the challenges in designing SMURF. In a nutshell,.... Assume, for the time being,that... With our binomial sampling model in place,... While ... technology holds much promise,the unreliability of .... is a major factor hindering large-scale deployment. As our experimental results demonstrate, ABC algorithms still significantly outperform DEF algorithms in such difficult settings.
3. 常用到的句式：
（1）有研究指出 ①Previously,it has been reported that about 16% of C57BL/6 immature B cellsexpress AID by single-cell analysis. ②A previous report had shown AIDexpression, but no SHM of light chain, in immature B cells fromwild-type C57BL/6 mice (Mao et al., 2004).
（2）为了证明… ① In order to ascertain that AIDexpressed in pre-B and immature B cells is active and functional, thepresence of circle transcripts (CTs) and postswitchtranscripts.(PSTs) was assessed in these cells. ② To confirm that CSR led to properrecombination, we amplified PSTs for each isotype by using specific primers
（3）为了进一步证实、验证、定量… ①To further determine whether CSR indeveloping B cells led to appropriate cell-surface proteinexpression, we stained BM cells from Aicda+/_ and Aicda_/_ mice andexamined the surface expression of IgA by using FACS. ②To circumvent this potentialproblem, we performed studies in a model system not requiringinfection.
（4）值得注意的是… ①It is noteworthy that CT-a exhibittwo transcripts, because of alternative splicing donor sites in theIa exon. ② It is important to note that severalobservations indicate that small numbers of BM-residing plasma ormemory B cells cannot account for our findings of AID expression inearly B cells.
（5）我们的研究为…提供证据 Ourfindings provide evidence that the innate immune system plays animportant role in shaping adaptive immunity at early stages oflymphocyte development.
（6）特别强调 Weplace special emphasis on what we see as a hierarchical organizationof lymphoid tissue in support of the cell–cell interactionsunderlying adaptive immune responses
（7)仅仅讨论 Sohere we limit our discussion to the practical aspects of thesetechniques
（8）提示 Seminalwork on two-photon microscopy from the Cyster group shed light on thecentral role of chemokines on distinct events in B cell biology.
（9）据我们所知 Toour knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that naive Tcells can undergo primary activation outside lymphoid organs.
（10）综上所述 1．Viewedin toto, these results indicate that T cells activated in the lymphnodes of Met-Kb mice are mostunlikely to have contributed to theblood T cell pool during the first 2 days after transfer. 2．Takentogether with our previous in vitro data indicating that CD81 T cellscan be directly activated by hepatocytes, but then die by neglect dueto a lack of costimulation 3．Theseobservations collectively demonstrate that dysregulated miR-155 canaffect myeloid or lymphoid development depending on the context ofits expression.