《linux设备驱动开发详解》笔记——15 linux i2c驱动
15.1 总体结构
如下图，i2c驱动分为如下几个重要模块
- 核心层core，完成i2c总线、设备、驱动模型，对用户提供sys文件系统访问支持；为i2c内部adpter等提供注册接口。
- adpter，适配器，实际就是CPU集成的IIC控制器，有cpu控制，完成i2c物理总线操作，busses文件夹里，有各个cpu adapter的具体实现；algorithm集成到这个模块里，而且是adapter的一部分，主要实现总 线传输的标准化。
- i2c-dev，把adapter设备化，采用标准的file_operations字符设备的形式，便于用户层直接读写adapter设备文件，不是主流，一般也就是调试时用用。
- muxes，i2c切换芯片，不重点讨论。
自己理解的结构图，与书中有出入，简化了。
i2c总线设备驱动模型，与platform类似，软件架构都一样。通过这种模型，最终在sysfs中创建文件，且创建文件时要填充类似file_operations类似的结构体中的读写函数，从而完成用户层到底层驱动的传递。
15.2 adapter和algorithm——最终对外提供硬件无关接口
busses/i2c-cadence.c文件是ZYNQ i2c控制器的驱动，实现i2c的adapter和algorithm。adapter采用platform机制。
先看看关键数据结构：
15.2.1 关键数据接结构
/**
* struct cdns_i2c - I2C device private data structure
* @membase: Base address of the I2C device
* @adap: I2C adapter instance
* @p_msg: Message pointer
* @err_status: Error status in Interrupt Status Register
* @xfer_done: Transfer complete status
* @p_send_buf: Pointer to transmit buffer
* @p_recv_buf: Pointer to receive buffer
* @suspended: Flag holding the device's PM status
* @send_count: Number of bytes still expected to send
* @recv_count: Number of bytes still expected to receive
* @curr_recv_count: Number of bytes to be received in current transfer
* @irq: IRQ number
* @input_clk: Input clock to I2C controller
* @i2c_clk: Maximum I2C clock speed
* @bus_hold_flag: Flag used in repeated start for clearing HOLD bit
* @clk: Pointer to struct clk
* @clk_rate_change_nb: Notifier block for clock rate changes
*/
struct cdns_i2c {
void __iomem *membase;
struct i2c_adapter adap;
struct i2c_msg *p_msg;
int err_status;
struct completion xfer_done;
unsigned char *p_send_buf;
unsigned char *p_recv_buf;
u8 suspended;
unsigned int send_count;
unsigned int recv_count;
unsigned int curr_recv_count;
int irq;
unsigned long input_clk;
unsigned int i2c_clk;
unsigned int bus_hold_flag;
struct clk *clk;
struct notifier_block clk_rate_change_nb;
};
/*
* i2c_adapter is the structure used to identify a physical i2c bus along
* with the access algorithms necessary to access it.
*/
struct i2c_adapter {
struct module *owner;
unsigned int class; /* classes to allow probing for */
const struct i2c_algorithm *algo; /* the algorithm to access the bus，实体也在此文件中定义，并在probe函数里指向此实体 */
void *algo_data;
/* data fields that are valid for all devices */
struct rt_mutex bus_lock;
int timeout; /* in jiffies */
int retries;
struct device dev; /* the adapter device */
int nr;
char name[48];
struct completion dev_released;
struct mutex userspace_clients_lock;
struct list_head userspace_clients;
struct i2c_bus_recovery_info *bus_recovery_info;
};
/**
* struct i2c_algorithm - represent I2C transfer method
* @master_xfer: Issue a set of i2c transactions to the given I2C adapter
* defined by the msgs array, with num messages available to transfer via
* the adapter specified by adap.
* @smbus_xfer: Issue smbus transactions to the given I2C adapter. If this
* is not present, then the bus layer will try and convert the SMBus calls
* into I2C transfers instead.
* @functionality: Return the flags that this algorithm/adapter pair supports
* from the I2C_FUNC_* flags.
*
* The following structs are for those who like to implement new bus drivers:
* i2c_algorithm is the interface to a class of hardware solutions which can
* be addressed using the same bus algorithms - i.e. bit-banging or the PCF8584
* to name two of the most common.
*
* The return codes from the @master_xfer field should indicate the type of
* error code that occured during the transfer, as documented in the kernel
* Documentation file Documentation/i2c/fault-codes.
*/
struct i2c_algorithm {
/* If an adapter algorithm can't do I2C-level access, set master_xfer
to NULL. If an adapter algorithm can do SMBus access, set
smbus_xfer. If set to NULL, the SMBus protocol is simulated
using common I2C messages */
/* master_xfer should return the number of messages successfully
processed, or a negative value on error */
int (*master_xfer)(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs,
int num);
int (*smbus_xfer) (struct i2c_adapter *adap, u16 addr,
unsigned short flags, char read_write,
u8 command, int size, union i2c_smbus_data *data);
/* To determine what the adapter supports */
u32 (*functionality) (struct i2c_adapter *);
};
15.2.2 adapter的注册与注销
- adapter被组织成platform驱动形式
- 顺便理解platform的匹配机制:
- dts里有若干device的描述，linux在初始化时会把这些设备展开，形成设备列表。
- platform driver中有匹配字段of_match_table，估计注册platform驱动时（module_platform_driver），platform bus负责匹配此字段和已有的dts设备列表。
- platform driver和dev列表匹配上以后，driver中的probe就会执行，同时dev列表中的信息以probe形参struct platform_device *pdev的形式传递给probe()函数。
一般linux的iic、spi、usb等外设都是这个思路，适配器为别人提供总线，但是其本身是挂到platform总线上的。
3. adapter通过iic-core.c核心层提供的接口，注册或注销到iic总线上
- i2c_add_adapter()：添加adapter数据结构，核心层里详述
- i2c_del_adapter()：删除adapter设数据结构
static int cdns_i2c_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) // dts里的设备信息传递进来了
{
struct resource *r_mem;
struct cdns_i2c *id;
int ret;
id = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*id), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!id)
return -ENOMEM;
platform_set_drvdata(pdev, id);
xxx_adapter_hw_init(); //通常初始化iic适配器使用的硬件资源，如申请IO地址、中断号、时钟等
id->adap.dev.of_node = pdev->dev.of_node;
id->adap.algo = &cdns_i2c_algo; // 把altorithm连进来
id->adap.timeout = CDNS_I2C_TIMEOUT;
id->adap.retries = 3; /* Default retry value. */
id->adap.algo_data = id;
id->adap.dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
ret = i2c_add_adapter(&id->adap);
...
}
static int cdns_i2c_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct cdns_i2c *id = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
i2c_del_adapter(&id->adap);
xxx_adapter_hw_free(); // 硬件相关资源的free
return 0;
}
static const struct of_device_id cdns_i2c_of_match[] = {
{ .compatible = "cdns,i2c-r1p10", },
{ /* end of table */ }
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, cdns_i2c_of_match);
static struct platform_driver cdns_i2c_drv = {
.driver = {
.name = DRIVER_NAME,
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.of_match_table = cdns_i2c_of_match, // dts匹配的依据
.pm = &cdns_i2c_dev_pm_ops,
},
.probe = cdns_i2c_probe,
.remove = cdns_i2c_remove,
};
module_platform_driver(cdns_i2c_drv);
iic相关的dts信息如下
iic相关dts
ps7_i2c_1: ps7-i2c@e0005000 {
clock-frequency = <400000>;
clocks = <&clkc 39>;
compatible = "cdns,i2c-r1p10";
interrupt-parent = <&ps7_scugic_0>;
interrupts = <0 48 4>;
reg = <0xe0005000 0x1000>;
xlnx,has-interrupt = <0x0>;
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
eeprom@52 {
compatible = "at,24c512";
reg = <0x52>;
};
} ;
15.2.3 i2c总线的通信方法 —— algorithm
主要需要实现i2c_algorithm结构体中的master_xfer()和functionality()函数，i2c_algorithm的作用是高度总结iic总线通信机制，把具体的适配器（不同型号）与其他通用驱动隔离开。
functionality()函数比较简单，返回支持的通信协议。
master_xfer()函数在适配器上完成i2c_msg的数据传输。
static const struct i2c_algorithm cdns_i2c_algo = {
.master_xfer = cdns_i2c_master_xfer,
.functionality = cdns_i2c_func,
};
/**
* cdns_i2c_func - Returns the supported features of the I2C driver
* @adap: pointer to the i2c adapter structure
*
* Return: 32 bit value, each bit corresponding to a feature
*/
static u32 cdns_i2c_func(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
return I2C_FUNC_I2C | I2C_FUNC_10BIT_ADDR |
(I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_EMUL & ~I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_QUICK) |
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA;
}
/**
* cdns_i2c_master_xfer - The main i2c transfer function
* @adap: pointer to the i2c adapter driver instance
* @msgs: pointer to the i2c message structure
* @num: the number of messages to transfer
*
* Initiates the send/recv activity based on the transfer message received.
*
* Return: number of msgs processed on success, negative error otherwise
*/
static int cdns_i2c_master_xfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs,
int num)
{
int ret, count;
u32 reg;
struct cdns_i2c *id = adap->algo_data;
/* Check if the bus is free */
if (cdns_i2c_readreg(CDNS_I2C_SR_OFFSET) & CDNS_I2C_SR_BA)
return -EAGAIN;
/*
* Set the flag to one when multiple messages are to be
* processed with a repeated start.
*/
if (num > 1) {
id->bus_hold_flag = 1;
reg = cdns_i2c_readreg(CDNS_I2C_CR_OFFSET);
reg |= CDNS_I2C_CR_HOLD;
cdns_i2c_writereg(reg, CDNS_I2C_CR_OFFSET);
} else {
id->bus_hold_flag = 0;
}
/* Process the msg one by one */
for (count = 0; count < num; count++, msgs++) {
if (count == (num - 1))
id->bus_hold_flag = 0;
ret = cdns_i2c_process_msg(id, msgs, adap);
if (ret)
return ret;
/* Report the other error interrupts to application */
if (id->err_status) {
cdns_i2c_master_reset(adap);
if (id->err_status & CDNS_I2C_IXR_NACK)
return -ENXIO;
return -EIO;
}
}
return num;
}
15.3 core
15.3.1 i2c总线、设备、驱动模型建立和维护
创建i2c总线、设备、驱动大框架。
static int __init i2c_init(void) // linux初始化时执行
{
int retval;
retval = bus_register(&i2c_bus_type); // 在sys文件夹中创建i2c总线，完成将i2c总线注册到系统，与platform总线平级，创建 /sys/i2c目录
if (retval)
return retval;
#ifdef CONFIG_I2C_COMPAT
i2c_adapter_compat_class = class_compat_register("i2c-adapter"); // 创建类，/sys/class/i2c-adapter
if (!i2c_adapter_compat_class) {
retval = -ENOMEM;
goto bus_err;
}
#endif
retval = i2c_add_driver(&dummy_driver); // 注册一个dummy驱动，不知道为了啥？ 在 /sys/bus/i2c/drivers目录下创建了dummy驱动
if (retval)
goto class_err;
return 0;
class_err:
#ifdef CONFIG_I2C_COMPAT
class_compat_unregister(i2c_adapter_compat_class);
bus_err:
#endif
bus_unregister(&i2c_bus_type);
return retval;
}
static void __exit i2c_exit(void)
{
i2c_del_driver(&dummy_driver);
#ifdef CONFIG_I2C_COMPAT
class_compat_unregister(i2c_adapter_compat_class);
#endif
bus_unregister(&i2c_bus_type);
}
/* We must initialize early, because some subsystems register i2c drivers
* in subsys_initcall() code, but are linked (and initialized) before i2c.
*/
postcore_initcall(i2c_init); // linux初始化时调用
module_exit(i2c_exit);
引出知识：driver中的probe是如何执行的？！总线match以后，总线结构体中的probe会被执行（内核代码实现的），总线probe函数会调用driver中的probe。所有总线、驱动、模型，包括platform都是这种机制。
struct bus_type i2c_bus_type = {
.name = "i2c",
.match = i2c_device_match,
.probe = i2c_device_probe,
.remove = i2c_device_remove,
.shutdown = i2c_device_shutdown,
.pm = &i2c_device_pm_ops,
};
static int i2c_device_probe(struct device *dev)
{
struct i2c_client *client = i2c_verify_client(dev);
struct i2c_driver *driver;
int status;
if (!client)
return 0;
driver = to_i2c_driver(dev->driver);
if (!driver->probe || !driver->id_table)
return -ENODEV;
if (!device_can_wakeup(&client->dev))
device_init_wakeup(&client->dev,
client->flags & I2C_CLIENT_WAKE);
dev_dbg(dev, "probe\n");
acpi_dev_pm_attach(&client->dev, true);
status = driver->probe(client, i2c_match_id(driver->id_table, client));
if (status)
acpi_dev_pm_detach(&client->dev, true);
return status;
}
15.3.2 添加/删除adapter接口
// i2c/buses/i2c_cadence.c
static int cdns_i2c_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
...
ret = i2c_add_adapter(&id->adap); // 添加adapter
...
}
/**
* i2c_add_adapter - declare i2c adapter, use dynamic bus number
* @adapter: the adapter to add
* Context: can sleep
*
* This routine is used to declare an I2C adapter when its bus number
* doesn't matter or when its bus number is specified by an dt alias.
* Examples of bases when the bus number doesn't matter: I2C adapters
* dynamically added by USB links or PCI plugin cards.
*
* When this returns zero, a new bus number was allocated and stored
* in adap->nr, and the specified adapter became available for clients.
* Otherwise, a negative errno value is returned.
*/
int i2c_add_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
{
struct device *dev = &adapter->dev;
int id;
if (dev->of_node) {
id = of_alias_get_id(dev->of_node, "i2c");
if (id >= 0) {
adapter->nr = id; // 从dts中自动获取i2c的adapter的个数
return __i2c_add_numbered_adapter(adapter); // 注册各adapter
}
}
mutex_lock(&core_lock);
id = idr_alloc(&i2c_adapter_idr, adapter,
__i2c_first_dynamic_bus_num, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
mutex_unlock(&core_lock);
if (id < 0)
return id;
adapter->nr = id;
return i2c_register_adapter(adapter);
}
/**
* __i2c_add_numbered_adapter - i2c_add_numbered_adapter where nr is never -1
* @adap: the adapter to register (with adap->nr initialized)
* Context: can sleep
*
* See i2c_add_numbered_adapter() for details.
*/
static int __i2c_add_numbered_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
int id;
mutex_lock(&core_lock);
id = idr_alloc(&i2c_adapter_idr, adap, adap->nr, adap->nr + 1,
GFP_KERNEL);
mutex_unlock(&core_lock);
if (id < 0)
return id == -ENOSPC ? -EBUSY : id;
return i2c_register_adapter(adap);
}
static int i2c_register_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
int res = 0;
/* Can't register until after driver model init */
if (unlikely(WARN_ON(!i2c_bus_type.p))) {
res = -EAGAIN;
goto out_list;
}
/* Sanity checks */
if (unlikely(adap->name[0] == '\0')) {
pr_err("i2c-core: Attempt to register an adapter with "
"no name!\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
if (unlikely(!adap->algo)) {
pr_err("i2c-core: Attempt to register adapter '%s' with "
"no algo!\n", adap->name);
return -EINVAL;
}
rt_mutex_init(&adap->bus_lock);
mutex_init(&adap->userspace_clients_lock);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&adap->userspace_clients);
/* Set default timeout to 1 second if not already set */
if (adap->timeout == 0)
adap->timeout = HZ;
dev_set_name(&adap->dev, "i2c-%d", adap->nr);
adap->dev.bus = &i2c_bus_type;
adap->dev.type = &i2c_adapter_type;
res = device_register(&adap->dev);
if (res)
goto out_list;
dev_dbg(&adap->dev, "adapter [%s] registered\n", adap->name);
#ifdef CONFIG_I2C_COMPAT
res = class_compat_create_link(i2c_adapter_compat_class, &adap->dev,
adap->dev.parent);
if (res)
dev_warn(&adap->dev,
"Failed to create compatibility class link\n");
#endif
/* bus recovery specific initialization */
if (adap->bus_recovery_info) {
struct i2c_bus_recovery_info *bri = adap->bus_recovery_info;
if (!bri->recover_bus) {
dev_err(&adap->dev, "No recover_bus() found, not using recovery\n");
adap->bus_recovery_info = NULL;
goto exit_recovery;
}
/* Generic GPIO recovery */
if (bri->recover_bus == i2c_generic_gpio_recovery) {
if (!gpio_is_valid(bri->scl_gpio)) {
dev_err(&adap->dev, "Invalid SCL gpio, not using recovery\n");
adap->bus_recovery_info = NULL;
goto exit_recovery;
}
if (gpio_is_valid(bri->sda_gpio))
bri->get_sda = get_sda_gpio_value;
else
bri->get_sda = NULL;
bri->get_scl = get_scl_gpio_value;
bri->set_scl = set_scl_gpio_value;
} else if (!bri->set_scl || !bri->get_scl) {
/* Generic SCL recovery */
dev_err(&adap->dev, "No {get|set}_gpio() found, not using recovery\n");
adap->bus_recovery_info = NULL;
}
}
exit_recovery:
/* create pre-declared device nodes */
of_i2c_register_devices(adap);
acpi_i2c_register_devices(adap);
if (adap->nr < __i2c_first_dynamic_bus_num)
i2c_scan_static_board_info(adap);
/* Notify drivers */
mutex_lock(&core_lock);
bus_for_each_drv(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, adap, __process_new_adapter);
mutex_unlock(&core_lock);
return 0;
out_list:
mutex_lock(&core_lock);
idr_remove(&i2c_adapter_idr, adap->nr);
mutex_unlock(&core_lock);
return res;
}
15.3.3 添加/删除i2c_driver接口
向i2c_bus注册驱动，可用于匹配i2c总线上的设备，即i2c_client，例如EEPROM等
/* use a define to avoid include chaining to get THIS_MODULE */
#define i2c_add_driver(driver) \
i2c_register_driver(THIS_MODULE, driver)
/*
* An i2c_driver is used with one or more i2c_client (device) nodes to access
* i2c slave chips, on a bus instance associated with some i2c_adapter.
*/
int i2c_register_driver(struct module *owner, struct i2c_driver *driver)
{
int res;
/* Can't register until after driver model init */
if (unlikely(WARN_ON(!i2c_bus_type.p)))
return -EAGAIN;
/* add the driver to the list of i2c drivers in the driver core */
driver->driver.owner = owner;
driver->driver.bus = &i2c_bus_type;
/* When registration returns, the driver core
* will have called probe() for all matching-but-unbound devices.
*/
res = driver_register(&driver->driver);
if (res)
return res;
/* Drivers should switch to dev_pm_ops instead. */
if (driver->suspend)
pr_warn("i2c-core: driver [%s] using legacy suspend method\n",
driver->driver.name);
if (driver->resume)
pr_warn("i2c-core: driver [%s] using legacy resume method\n",
driver->driver.name);
pr_debug("i2c-core: driver [%s] registered\n", driver->driver.name);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&driver->clients);
/* Walk the adapters that are already present */
i2c_for_each_dev(driver, __process_new_driver);
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_register_driver);
/**
* i2c_del_driver - unregister I2C driver
* @driver: the driver being unregistered
* Context: can sleep
*/
void i2c_del_driver(struct i2c_driver *driver)
{
i2c_for_each_dev(driver, __process_removed_driver);
driver_unregister(&driver->driver);
pr_debug("i2c-core: driver [%s] unregistered\n", driver->driver.name);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(i2c_del_driver);
15.3.4 i2c传输接口
外部设备使用这些标准传输接口编写驱动。
/**
* i2c_transfer - execute a single or combined I2C message
* @adap: Handle to I2C bus
* @msgs: One or more messages to execute before STOP is issued to
* terminate the operation; each message begins with a START.
* @num: Number of messages to be executed.
*
* Returns negative errno, else the number of messages executed.
*
* Note that there is no requirement that each message be sent to
* the same slave address, although that is the most common model.
*/
int i2c_transfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num)
{
int ret;
/* REVISIT the fault reporting model here is weak:
*
* - When we get an error after receiving N bytes from a slave,
* there is no way to report "N".
*
* - When we get a NAK after transmitting N bytes to a slave,
* there is no way to report "N" ... or to let the master
* continue executing the rest of this combined message, if
* that's the appropriate response.
*
* - When for example "num" is two and we successfully complete
* the first message but get an error part way through the
* second, it's unclear whether that should be reported as
* one (discarding status on the second message) or errno
* (discarding status on the first one).
*/
if (adap->algo->master_xfer) {
#ifdef DEBUG
for (ret = 0; ret < num; ret++) {
dev_dbg(&adap->dev, "master_xfer[%d] %c, addr=0x%02x, "
"len=%d%s\n", ret, (msgs[ret].flags & I2C_M_RD)
? 'R' : 'W', msgs[ret].addr, msgs[ret].len,
(msgs[ret].flags & I2C_M_RECV_LEN) ? "+" : "");
}
#endif
if (in_atomic() || irqs_disabled()) {
ret = i2c_trylock_adapter(adap);
if (!ret)
/* I2C activity is ongoing. */
return -EAGAIN;
} else {
i2c_lock_adapter(adap);
}
ret = __i2c_transfer(adap, msgs, num);
i2c_unlock_adapter(adap);
return ret;
} else {
dev_dbg(&adap->dev, "I2C level transfers not supported\n");
return -EOPNOTSUPP;
}
}
/**
* i2c_master_send - issue a single I2C message in master transmit mode
* @client: Handle to slave device
* @buf: Data that will be written to the slave
* @count: How many bytes to write, must be less than 64k since msg.len is u16
*
* Returns negative errno, or else the number of bytes written.
*/
int i2c_master_send(const struct i2c_client *client, const char *buf, int count)
{
int ret;
struct i2c_adapter *adap = client->adapter;
struct i2c_msg msg;
msg.addr = client->addr;
msg.flags = client->flags & I2C_M_TEN;
msg.len = count;
msg.buf = (char *)buf;
ret = i2c_transfer(adap, &msg, 1);
/*
* If everything went ok (i.e. 1 msg transmitted), return #bytes
* transmitted, else error code.
*/
return (ret == 1) ? count : ret;
}
/**
* i2c_master_recv - issue a single I2C message in master receive mode
* @client: Handle to slave device
* @buf: Where to store data read from slave
* @count: How many bytes to read, must be less than 64k since msg.len is u16
*
* Returns negative errno, or else the number of bytes read.
*/
int i2c_master_recv(const struct i2c_client *client, char *buf, int count)
{
struct i2c_adapter *adap = client->adapter;
struct i2c_msg msg;
int ret;
msg.addr = client->addr;
msg.flags = client->flags & I2C_M_TEN;
msg.flags |= I2C_M_RD;
msg.len = count;
msg.buf = buf;
ret = i2c_transfer(adap, &msg, 1);
/*
* If everything went ok (i.e. 1 msg received), return #bytes received,
* else error code.
*/
return (ret == 1) ? count : ret;
}
15.4 设备驱动i2c_driver和i2c_client
i2c_dirver就是i2c标准总线设备驱动模型中的驱动部分，i2c_client可理解为i2c总线上挂的外设。
1. 驱动的注册和注销
drivers/misc/eeprom/at24.c
// 初始化和驱动模型
static struct i2c_driver at24_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "at24",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
.probe = at24_probe,
.remove = at24_remove,
.id_table = at24_ids,
};
static int __init at24_init(void)
{
if (!io_limit) {
pr_err("at24: io_limit must not be 0!\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
io_limit = rounddown_pow_of_two(io_limit);
return i2c_add_driver(&at24_driver); // 匹配后，driver中的probe就能执行
}
module_init(at24_init);
static void __exit at24_exit(void)
{
i2c_del_driver(&at24_driver);
}
module_exit(at24_exit);
// id列表
static const struct i2c_device_id at24_ids[] = {
/* needs 8 addresses as A0-A2 are ignored */
{ "24c00", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(128 / 8, AT24_FLAG_TAKE8ADDR) },
/* old variants can't be handled with this generic entry! */
{ "24c01", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(1024 / 8, 0) },
{ "24c02", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(2048 / 8, 0) },
/* spd is a 24c02 in memory DIMMs */
{ "spd", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(2048 / 8,
AT24_FLAG_READONLY | AT24_FLAG_IRUGO) },
{ "24c04", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(4096 / 8, 0) },
/* 24rf08 quirk is handled at i2c-core */
{ "24c08", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(8192 / 8, 0) },
{ "24c16", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(16384 / 8, 0) },
{ "24c32", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(32768 / 8, AT24_FLAG_ADDR16) },
{ "24c64", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(65536 / 8, AT24_FLAG_ADDR16) },
{ "24c128", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(131072 / 8, AT24_FLAG_ADDR16) },
{ "24c256", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(262144 / 8, AT24_FLAG_ADDR16) },
{ "24c512", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(524288 / 8, AT24_FLAG_ADDR16) },
{ "24c1024", AT24_DEVICE_MAGIC(1048576 / 8, AT24_FLAG_ADDR16) },
{ "at24", 0 },
{ /* END OF LIST */ }
};
//dts:
ps7_i2c_1: ps7-i2c@e0005000 {
clock-frequency = <1000000>;
clocks = <&clkc 39>;
compatible = "cdns,i2c-r1p10";
interrupt-parent = <&ps7_scugic_0>;
interrupts = <0 48 4>;
reg = <0xe0005000 0x1000>;
xlnx,has-interrupt = <0x0>;
#address-cells = <1>;
#size-cells = <0>;
eeprom@50 {
compatible = "at,24c512";
reg = <0x50>;
};
rtc@68 {
compatible = "ds,ds1338";
reg = <0x68>;
};
} ;
2. driver中的probe和remove分析
static int at24_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id)
{
struct at24_platform_data chip;
bool writable;
int use_smbus = 0;
struct at24_data *at24;
int err;
unsigned i, num_addresses;
kernel_ulong_t magic;
if (client->dev.platform_data) {
chip = *(struct at24_platform_data *)client->dev.platform_data;
} else {
if (!id->driver_data)
return -ENODEV;
magic = id->driver_data;
chip.byte_len = BIT(magic & AT24_BITMASK(AT24_SIZE_BYTELEN));
magic >>= AT24_SIZE_BYTELEN;
chip.flags = magic & AT24_BITMASK(AT24_SIZE_FLAGS);
/*
* This is slow, but we can't know all eeproms, so we better
* play safe. Specifying custom eeprom-types via platform_data
* is recommended anyhow.
*/
chip.page_size = 1;
/* update chipdata if OF is present */
at24_get_ofdata(client, &chip);
chip.setup = NULL;
chip.context = NULL;
}
if (!is_power_of_2(chip.byte_len))
dev_warn(&client->dev,
"byte_len looks suspicious (no power of 2)!\n");
if (!chip.page_size) {
dev_err(&client->dev, "page_size must not be 0!\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
if (!is_power_of_2(chip.page_size))
dev_warn(&client->dev,
"page_size looks suspicious (no power of 2)!\n");
/* Use I2C operations unless we're stuck with SMBus extensions. */
if (!i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter, I2C_FUNC_I2C)) {
if (chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_ADDR16)
return -EPFNOSUPPORT;
if (i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter,
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_I2C_BLOCK)) {
use_smbus = I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA;
} else if (i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter,
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA)) {
use_smbus = I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA;
} else if (i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter,
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA)) {
use_smbus = I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA;
} else {
return -EPFNOSUPPORT;
}
}
if (chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_TAKE8ADDR)
num_addresses = 8;
else
num_addresses = DIV_ROUND_UP(chip.byte_len,
(chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_ADDR16) ? 65536 : 256);
at24 = devm_kzalloc(&client->dev, sizeof(struct at24_data) +
num_addresses * sizeof(struct i2c_client *), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!at24)
return -ENOMEM;
mutex_init(&at24->lock);
at24->use_smbus = use_smbus;
at24->chip = chip;
at24->num_addresses = num_addresses;
/*
* Export the EEPROM bytes through sysfs, since that's convenient.
* By default, only root should see the data (maybe passwords etc)
*/
sysfs_bin_attr_init(&at24->bin);
at24->bin.attr.name = "eeprom";
at24->bin.attr.mode = chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_IRUGO ? S_IRUGO : S_IRUSR;
at24->bin.read = at24_bin_read;
at24->bin.size = chip.byte_len; // 读写函数使用i2c-core.c提供的标准transfer接口
at24->macc.read = at24_macc_read;
writable = !(chip.flags & AT24_FLAG_READONLY);
if (writable) {
if (!use_smbus || i2c_check_functionality(client->adapter,
I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_I2C_BLOCK)) {
unsigned write_max = chip.page_size;
at24->macc.write = at24_macc_write;
at24->bin.write = at24_bin_write;
at24->bin.attr.mode |= S_IWUSR;
if (write_max > io_limit)
write_max = io_limit;
if (use_smbus && write_max > I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX)
write_max = I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_MAX;
at24->write_max = write_max;
/* buffer (data + address at the beginning) */
at24->writebuf = devm_kzalloc(&client->dev,
write_max + 2, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!at24->writebuf)
return -ENOMEM;
} else {
dev_warn(&client->dev,
"cannot write due to controller restrictions.");
}
}
at24->client[0] = client;
/* use dummy devices for multiple-address chips */
for (i = 1; i < num_addresses; i++) {
at24->client[i] = i2c_new_dummy(client->adapter,
client->addr + i);
if (!at24->client[i]) {
dev_err(&client->dev, "address 0x%02x unavailable\n",
client->addr + i);
err = -EADDRINUSE;
goto err_clients;
}
}
err = sysfs_create_bin_file(&client->dev.kobj, &at24->bin); // ！！！ 在sysfs中创建文件，读此文件的读写，就是对EEPROM的读写，at24-bin的读写函数与i2c底层操作挂钩
if (err)
goto err_clients;
i2c_set_clientdata(client, at24);
dev_info(&client->dev, "%zu byte %s EEPROM, %s, %u bytes/write\n",
at24->bin.size, client->name,
writable ? "writable" : "read-only", at24->write_max);
if (use_smbus == I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA ||
use_smbus == I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA) {
dev_notice(&client->dev, "Falling back to %s reads, "
"performance will suffer\n", use_smbus ==
I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA ? "word" : "byte");
}
/* export data to kernel code */
if (chip.setup)
chip.setup(&at24->macc, chip.context);
return 0;
err_clients:
for (i = 1; i < num_addresses; i++)
if (at24->client[i])
i2c_unregister_device(at24->client[i]);
return err;
}
static int at24_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
{
struct at24_data *at24;
int i;
at24 = i2c_get_clientdata(client);
sysfs_remove_bin_file(&client->dev.kobj, &at24->bin);
for (i = 1; i < at24->num_addresses; i++)
i2c_unregister_device(at24->client[i]);
return 0;
}
15.5 i2c-dev.c文件分析
采用file_oprations方式，组织标准字符设备驱动，对adapter进行设备化，应用层可以通过read、write函数对adapter进行直接操作。
15.6 总结
研究过i2c驱动以后，再看spi、usb等驱动框架，几乎是一样的，如下表。
