单层神经网络实现mnist手写数字识别

一 Mnist数据集介绍

       Mnist数据集分为两部分:55000行训练数据(mnist.train)和10000行测试数据(mnist.test),每行数据由一张包含手写数字图片和对应的标签组成,手写数字为单通道28*28大小的图像,对应的标签为0-9之间的数字,由one-hot编码构成。

二 神经网络构建

       这里使用一种最简单的神经网络(由输入直接到输出)即全连接神经网络,对于mnist手写数字识别,已知训练样本为28*28的单通道图像,最终要得到该样本属于0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9中的哪一类,这是一个10分类问题。输入一个28*28的训练样本,则其特征数量为784,将N个样本同时输入则输入的数据为[N*784],得到的输出为[N*10]。由于为单层神经网络,因此权重为[784*10],偏置为[10]。将输出求平均交叉熵损失,然后使用梯度下降优化损失,最后得出准确率。

1.建立数据占位符

with tf.variable_scope("data"):

    x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784]) # 训练样本特征值
    y_true = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10]) # 训练样本目标值

2.建立一个全连接层的神经网络

with tf.variable_scope("fc_model"):

    # 随机初始化权重和偏置
    weight = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([784,10], mean=0.0, stddev=1.0), name="weight")
    bias = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[10]), name="bias")

    # 预测None个样本的输出结果maxtrix [None,784]*[784,10] + [10] = [None, 10]
    y_predict = tf.matmul(x, weight) + bias

3.求平均交叉熵损失

with tf.variable_scope("soft_cross"):

    # 求平均交叉熵损失
    loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y_true, logits=y_predict)) # labels:真实值 logists:预测值

4.梯度下降优化损失

with tf.variable_scope("optimizer"):

    train_op = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.1).minimize(loss)

5.计算准确率

with tf.variable_scope("acc"):
    # equal_list: None个样本 [1,0,1,0,0,1.......],相同为1不相同为0
    equal_list = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_true, 1), tf.argmax(y_predict, 1))

    accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(equal_list, tf.float32))

三 结果展示

1.训练数据

python 01_单层神经网络实现minist手写数字识别.py --is_train=True

 2.测试数据

python 01_单层神经网络实现minist手写数字识别.py --is_train=False

 

四 代码实现

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
--------------------------------------------------------
# @Version : python3.7
# @Author  : wangTongGen
# @File    : 01_单层神经网络实现minist手写数字识别.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @Time    : 2019/3/27 15:40
--------------------------------------------------------

"""

import os
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data


os.environ["TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL"] = "2"
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_boolean("is_train", True, "指定程序是预测还是训练")
FLAGS = tf.app.flags.FLAGS


def full_connected():

    # 获取真实数据
    mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("../datas/mnist/input_data", one_hot=True)

    # 1.建立数据占位符 x [None,784]  y_true [None, 10]
    with tf.variable_scope("data"):

        x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])

        y_true = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10])

    # 2.建立一个全连接层的神经网络 w[784,10] b[10]
    with tf.variable_scope("fc_model"):

        # 随机初始化权重和偏置
        weight = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([784,10], mean=0.0, stddev=1.0), name="weight")
        bias = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=[10]), name="bias")

        # 预测None个样本的输出结果maxtrix [None,784]*[784,10] + [10] = [None, 10]
        y_predict = tf.matmul(x, weight) + bias

    # 3.求出所有样本的损失,然后求平均值
    with tf.variable_scope("soft_cross"):

        # 求平均交叉熵损失
        loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y_true, logits=y_predict)) # labels:真实值 logists:预测值

    # 4.梯度下降优化损失
    with tf.variable_scope("optimizer"):

        train_op = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.1).minimize(loss)

    # 5.计算准确率
    with tf.variable_scope("acc"):
        # equal_list: None个样本 [1,0,1,0,0,1.......],相同为1不相同为0
        equal_list = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_true, 1), tf.argmax(y_predict, 1))

        accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(equal_list, tf.float32))




    # 定义一个初始化变量op
    init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()

    # 收集变量 单个数字值收集
    tf.summary.scalar("losses", loss)
    tf.summary.scalar("accuracy", accuracy)

    # 高纬度变量收集
    tf.summary.histogram("weightes", weight)
    tf.summary.histogram("biases", bias)

    # 定义一个合并变量的op
    merged = tf.summary.merge_all()

    # 创建一个saver
    saver = tf.train.Saver()


    # 开启会话训练
    with tf.Session() as sess:

        # 初始化变量
        sess.run(init_op)

        # 建立事件文件, 然后写入
        fileWriter = tf.summary.FileWriter("./tmp/summary/test", graph=sess.graph)

        if FLAGS.is_train:
            # 迭代步数去训练,更新参数预测
            for i in range(2000):
                # 取出真实存在的特征值和目标值
                mnist_x, mnist_y = mnist.train.next_batch(50)

                # 运行train_op训练
                sess.run(train_op, feed_dict={x:mnist_x, y_true:mnist_y})

                # 写入每步训练的值
                summary = sess.run(merged, feed_dict={x:mnist_x, y_true:mnist_y})
                fileWriter.add_summary(summary, i)

                print("训练第%d步,准确率为:%f" % (i, sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x:mnist_x, y_true:mnist_y})))


            # 保存模型
            saver.save(sess, "./tmp/ckpt/fc_model")

        else:
            # 加载模型
            saver.restore(sess, "./tmp/ckpt/fc_model")

            for i in range(100):
                # 每次测试一张图片
                x_test, y_test = mnist.test.next_batch(1)

                print("第%d次测试: 手写数字图片目标是:%d, 预测结果是:%d" %(
                    i,
                    tf.argmax(y_test, 1).eval(),
                    tf.argmax(sess.run(y_predict, feed_dict={x:x_test, y_true:y_test}), 1).eval()
                ))



if __name__ == '__main__':
    full_connected()

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_41689620/article/details/89085237