题目：
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.
For example, two is written as II in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. Twelve is written as, XII, which is simply X + II. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9.
X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90.
C can be placed before D (500) and M (1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
Example 1:
Input: 3
Output: “III”
Example 2:
Input: 4
Output: “IV”
Example 3:
Input: 9
Output: “IX”
Example 4:
Input: 58
Output: “LVIII”
Explanation: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: 1994
Output: “MCMXCIV”
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
实现：
class Solution {
public:
string intToRoman(int num) {
string res;
while (num) {
if (num >= 1000) {
res += “M”;
num -= 1000;
}
else if (num >= 900) {
res += “CM”;
num -= 900;
}
else if (num >= 500) {
res += “D”;
num -= 500;
}
else if (num >= 400) {
res += “CD”;
num -= 400;
}
else if (num >= 100) {
res += “C”;
num -= 100;
}
else if (num >= 90) {
res += “XC”;
num -= 90;
}
else if (num >= 50) {
res += “L”;
num -= 50;
}
else if (num >= 40) {
res += “XL”;
num -= 40;
}
else if (num >= 10) {
res += “X”;
num -= 10;
}
else if (num >= 9) {
res += “IX”;
num -= 9;
}
else if (num >= 5) {
res += “V”;
num -= 5;
}
else if (num >= 4) {
res += “IV”;
num -= 4;
}
else {
res += “I”;
num–;
}
}
return res;
}
};
评价：比较复杂
最简单的优化就是用两个数组
class Solution {
public:
string intToRoman(int num) {
string res = “”;
vector val{1000, 900, 500, 400, 100, 90, 50, 40, 10, 9, 5, 4, 1};
vector str{“M”, “CM”, “D”, “CD”, “C”, “XC”, “L”, “XL”, “X”, “IX”, “V”, “IV”, “I”};
for (int i = 0; i < val.size(); ++i) {
while (num >= val[i]) {
num -= val[i];
res += str[i];
}
}
return res;
}
};
因为这个问题里的数字是有范围的，因此可以根据这一个特点进行简化。手动算出千，百，十，个位的数字，并按照规则加在一起。
class Solution {
public:
string intToRoman(int num) {
vector thousand{ “”,“M”,“MM”,“MMM” };
vector hundred{ “”,“C”,“CC”,“CCC”,“CD”,“D”,“DC”,“DCC”,“DCCC”,“CM” };
vector ten{ “”,“X”,“XX”,“XXX”,“XL”,“L”,“LX”,“LXX”,“LXXX”,“XC” };
vector one{ “”,“I”,“II”,“III”,“IV”,“V”,“VI”,“VII”,“VIII”,“IX” };
return thousand[num / 1000] + hundred[(num % 1000) / 100] + ten[(num % 100) / 10] + one[num % 10];
}
};