Specific Practices by Goals
SG 1 Select Test Process Improvements 选择测试流程提升
Test process improvements are selected which contribute to meeting product quality and test process performance objectives.
测试流程提升被选择，它用来满足产品质量目标和测试流程性能目标。
SP 1.1 Collect and analyze test process improvement proposals
搜集和分析测试流程提升建议
Continuously collect and analyze proposals for improvements to the organization’s standard test process. This specific practice analyzes proposals that are internally collected. Refer to SP 2.1 Identify and analyze new testing technologies for a specific practice that actively searches externally for innovative and new testing technologies. Example work products 1. Analyzed test process improvement proposals 2. List of test process improvement proposals to be piloted Sub-practices 1. Collect test process improvement proposals A test process improvement proposal documents proposed improvements to a specific test process. Examples of sources for test process improvement proposals include the following: Findings and recommendations from regular test process assessments (Refer to the Test Organization process area at TMMi level 3 for more information on test process assessments.)Note that at TMMi level 5 test process assessments, both formal and informal, are typically performed more frequently. Analysis of data about customer/end-user problems as well as customer/end-user satisfaction Analysis of data about product quality and test process performance compared to the objectives Analysis of data to determine common defect causes, e.g., from Defect Prevention Operational product data Measured effectiveness and efficiency of test process activities Lessons learned documents (e.g., test evaluation reports) Spontaneous ideas from managers and staff Project retrospective meetings Test tool evaluations (Test tools are regularly evaluated regarding achievement of their defined objectives.) Refer to the Test Organization process area for more information about test process improvement proposals.
持续搜集和分析组织标准测试流程提升的建议。这个特定实践分析内部搜集的建议。参考sp2.1 明确和分析新测试技术作为特定实践，以积极的从外部搜集创新的和新的测试技术。例子工作产品:1. 分析测试流程提升建议，2.要试点的测试流程提升建议列表。 子实践：1. 搜集测试流程提升建议，建议文档提供对特定测试流程的提升。测试流程提升建议包括：one正规的测试流程评估发现和推荐，备注在tmmi5.正式的非正式的测试过程评估都应该经常执行。two 分析数据来发现常见的缺陷原因。three 运营产品数据。 four可测量的效率和测试流程行为效率。five课程学习文档。 six管理人员和员工的无意识想法。seven 项目回顾会议。eight 测试工具评估。
2. Analyze the costs and benefits of test process improvement proposals as appropriate Test process improvement proposals that do not have an expected positive return on investment are rejected. Examples of criteria for evaluating costs and benefits include the following: Contribution towards meeting the organization’s product quality and test process performance objectives Effect on mitigating identified test project and product risks Ability to respond quickly to changing circumstances Effect on related (test) processes and associated assets Cost of defining and collecting data that supports the measurement and analysis of the test process proposal Expected life span of the results of implementing the proposal 3. Analyze the project risks of test process improvement proposals Examples of risk factors that affect the deployment of process improvements include the following: Complexity of the improvement Skills of potential users Multiple changes at the same time Unclear picture of expectations Lack of short-term benefits and visible successes Impact of the proposal from not, or not completely, being implemented 4. Estimate the costs, effort and schedule required for deploying each process improvement proposal 5. Identify the process improvement proposal to be piloted prior to organization-wide deployment Alternatives to piloting are considered as appropriate e.g., controlled experiments, simulations, case studies. 6. Document the results of the evaluation of each process improvement proposal
恰当地分析测试流程提升建议的成本和收益。没有投资回报的测试过程提升建议被拒绝的。评估成本和收益的关键点的例子包括：one 贡献来满足组织的产品质量和测试流程性能目标。two 减轻明确的测试项目风险和产品风险的影响。three 定义和搜集数据（支持测试过程测量和分析的建议）的成本。 four 提升复杂度。 five 潜在用户的技能。 。4评估部署每个过程提升建议的成本，影响，和进度。 5明确试点的过程提升建议。 6文档话评估的结果，对于每一个过程提升建议。
SP 1.2 Pilot test process improvement proposals 试点测试流程提升建议
Pilot test process improvements to select which ones to implement. Pilots are performed to assess new and unproven major changes before they are deployed organization-wide, as appropriate. Example work products 1. Pilot evaluation reports Sub-practices 1. Plan the test process improvement pilots 2. Define pilot objectives and criteria to evaluate results 3. Review the pilot plans and get stakeholder agreement 4. Coach and support the people performing the pilots 5. Perform each pilot in an environment that is sufficiently representative of the environment in which the test process improvement will be deployed eventually Allow for additional resources for the pilot project, as necessary. 6. Track the pilots against their plans 7. Review and document the results of each pilot Reviewing and documenting the results of the pilot usually involves the following: - Deciding whether to terminate the pilot, re-plan and continue the pilot, or proceed with deploying the test process improvement - Updating the disposition of the test process improvement proposal associated with the pilot - Identifying new, and updating existing, test process improvement proposals as appropriate - Identifying and documenting lessons learned and problems encountered during the pilot
选择的测试过程提升试点，试点被执行来评估新的和未证明的较大改变，在它们被在组织范围被实施前。例子工作产品，试点评估报告。子实践：1.计划测试流程提升试点。 2. 定义试点目标和评估结果的关键点。3重审试点计划和与相关利益人达成一致。4，培训和支持人员执行试点。6. 跟踪试点。
SP 1.3 Select test process improvement proposals for deployment
选择要部署的测试流程提升建议
Select test process improvement proposals for deployment across the organization. A selection is made of test process improvement proposals for deployment across the organization based on quantifiable criteria derived from the organization’s test process performance objectives. Example work products 1. Test process improvement proposals selected for deployment 2. Selection process results documentation (including rationale for decisions made) Sub-practices 1. Prioritize the candidate test process improvements for deployment Priority is based on an evaluation of the estimated return on investment with regard to the test process performance objectives. Refer to the Quality Control process area for more information about the test process performance objectives. Examples of criteria to be used during the prioritization include the following:Contribution to meeting test performance objectives Alignment with maturity model (e.g., trying to formally achieve a maturity level) Visibility of improvement proposal Cost of improvement proposal Ease of implementation of improvement proposal Expected acceptance of improvement proposal (some may cause severe resistance initially) Risk mitigation as a result of implementing the improvement proposal 2. Select the test process improvement(s) to be deployed The selection of test process improvements is based on their priorities and the available resources. 3. Determine the approach for each test process improvement that will be deployed Examples of topics to be addressed as part of the deployment approach include the following: Organizational test process assets affected All or a subset of the organization’s projects All or a subset of the organization’s systems 4. Document the results of the selection process
选择测试流程提升建议部署到不同的组织。例子工作产品：1. 选择要部署的测试流程提升建议，2.选择流程结果文档。
子实践：1. 为候选的测试流程提升划分优先级。