scrapy框架爬取笔趣阁

笔趣阁是很好爬的网站了,这里简单爬取了全部小说链接和每本的全部章节链接,还想爬取章节内容在biquge.py里在加一个爬取循环,在pipelines.py添加保存函数即可

biquge.py

-- coding: utf-8 --

import scrapy

自定义spider类，继承scrapy.spider

from scrapytest.items import BiqugeItem, BiqugeItem_detail

class BiqugeSpider(scrapy.Spider):
# 爬虫名字
name = 'biquge'
# 允许爬取的范围，防止爬虫爬到别的网站
allowed_domains = ['xbiquge.la']
# 开始爬取的url地址
start_urls = ['http://www.xbiquge.la/xiaoshuodaquan/']

# 数据提取的方法，接受下载中间件传过来的response
def parse(self, response):
    # scrapy的response对象可以直接进行xpath
    # names = response.xpath('//div[@class="novellist"]//a/text()')
    # print("names:%s" % names)

    # 获取具体数据文本的方式如下
    # 分组
    li_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="novellist"]//a')
    i = 0
    for li in li_list:
        # 创建一个数据字典
        dict_data = BiqugeItem()
        # 利用scrapy封装好的xpath选择器定位元素，并通过extract()或extract_first()来获取结果
        dict_data['name'] = li.xpath('.//text()').extract_first()  # 书名
        dict_data['link'] = li.xpath('.//@href').extract_first()  # 书链接
        # print(dict_data)
        yield dict_data
        if i < 2:  # 这里限制先爬取一本
            yield scrapy.Request(dict_data['link'], callback=self.parse_detail)
        i += 1  # 小说计数

def parse_detail(self, response):
    # dict_data = response.meta['dict_data']
    section_data = BiqugeItem_detail()
    section_list = response.xpath('//*[@id="list"]/dl/dd/a')
    i = 0
    for section in section_list:
        section_data['section_link'] = 'http://www.xbiquge.la/' + section.xpath('./@href').extract_first()
        section_data['section_name'] = section.xpath('./text()').extract_first()
        yield section_data

        i += 1  # 章节计数

==============================================
pipelines.py
=============

import json

from scrapytest.items import BiqugeItem_detail, BiqugeItem

class ScrapytestPipeline(object):
# 爬虫文件中提取数据的方法每yield一次item，就会运行一次
# 该方法为固定名称函数
def process_item(self, item, spider):
if isinstance(item, BiqugeItem):
str_data = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) + '\n'
self.file.write(str_data)
return item

# 爬虫开启 , 打开文件  并且只会执行一次
def open_spider(self, spider):
    self.file = open('全部小说.csv', 'w')

# 爬虫关闭, 关闭文件
def close_spider(self, spider):
    self.file.close()

class BiqugeDetailPipeline(object):
def open_spider(self, spider):
self.file = open('小说章节.csv', 'w')

def process_item(self, item, spider):
    if isinstance(item, BiqugeItem_detail):
        str_data = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) + '\n'
        self.file.write(str_data)
    return item

def close_spider(self, spider):
    self.file.close()

==============================================
items.py
=============
import scrapy

设置 爬取的key field

class BiqugeItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:

name = scrapy.Field()
link = scrapy.Field()

class BiqugeItem_detail(scrapy.Item):
section_link = scrapy.Field()
section_name = scrapy.Field()
# 如果使用item, key 写错了会报错, 避免手误
# 如果dict , key写错了不会报错, 新增一个key