回溯法求解数独问题的思路和代码

在刷题的时候遇到了一个求解数独的问题,用回溯法写了以下代码,记录一下,之后探究有没有更好的算法。

算法思路:
①读取待求解数组,其中待填位置为0。
②将所有待填位置的两个坐标(行列)和目前数字封装起来压入栈1中。
③开一个栈2用于存储目前确定的答案。
④当栈1不为空的时候,取栈顶元素,从元素当前值加一开始依次到9判断是否可以填入,若可以则将当前元素压入栈2,否则压回栈1并且取出栈2栈顶元素押回栈1;
⑤重复④,直到栈1为空。

java代码如下:
public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Stack<Index> stack = new Stack<>();
        Stack<Index> stack2 = new Stack<>();
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (in.hasNext()) {
            int[][] num = new int[9][9];
            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
                    int t = in.nextInt();
                    if (t == 0) {
                        stack.push(new Index(0, i, j));
                    }
                    num[i][j] = t;

                }
            }
            while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
                Index top = stack.pop();
                int i = top.num + 1;
                for (; i <= 9; i++) {
                    num[top.row][top.col] = i;
                    if (isRight(top.row, top.col, num)) {
                        top.num = i;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (i == 10 && !stack2.isEmpty()) { //没答案
                    num[top.row][top.col] = 0;
                    top.num = 0;
                    stack.push(top);
                    stack.push(stack2.pop());
                } else {
                    stack2.push(top);
                }

            }
            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
                    System.out.print(num[i][j] + " ");
                }
                System.out.print(num[i][8]);
                System.out.println();
            }
        }
    }

    private static boolean isRight(int row, int col, int[][] a) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
            if (i == col || a[row][i] == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            if (a[row][i] == a[row][col]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
            if (i == row || a[i][col] == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            if (a[i][col] == a[row][col]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

class Index {
    public int num;
    public int row;
    public int col;

    public Index(int num, int row, int col) {
        this.num = num;
        this.row = row;
        this.col = col;
    }
}



运行示例:





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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_32216775/article/details/79710137