摘要：这篇文章主要介绍了使用PyQt5模块来设计一个俄罗斯方块的小游戏。
游戏示例：如下视频演示了一个简单的游戏界面
游戏主要说明：
俄罗斯方块主要涉及了五个类别19种图形，每个图形为4个小方块组成。功能模块主要包括了显示等级，成绩，修改面板的方块数等。设计思路：
分为四个类来设计，分别包括：Game类：启动一个游戏
# Game class Game: def __init__(self): self.__board = Board()Shape类：定义了俄罗斯方块的形状，边界，颜色等参数
# 形状 class Shape: def __init__(self): # 19种形状：tuple参数分别代表：(形状代号，左、右、上、下边缘距离,类型) self.num = 19 self.type1 = 1 self.type2 = 2 self.type3 = 3 self.type4 = 4 self.type5 = 5 self.vL = (1, 0, 0, 0, 3, self.type1) self.hL = (2, 0, 3, 0, 0, self.type1) self.S = (3, 0, 1, 0, 1, self.type2) self.lZ = (4, 0, 2, 0, 1, self.type3) self.ruZ = (5, 0, 1, 1, 1, self.type3) self.rZ = (6, 0, 2, 1, 0, self.type3) self.luZ = (7, 0, 1, 0, 2, self.type3) self.lvuF = (8, 0, 1, 0, 2, self.type4) self.rvuF = (9, 0, 1, 0, 2, self.type4) self.lhdF = (10, 0, 2, 0, 1, self.type4) self.rhdF = (11, 0, 2, 0, 1, self.type4) self.rvdF = (12, 0, 1, 0, 2, self.type4) self.lvdF = (13, 0, 1, 2, 0, self.type4) self.rhuF = (14, 0, 2, 1, 0, self.type4) self.lhuF = (15, 0, 2, 0, 1, self.type4) self.uW = (16, 0, 2, 1, 0, self.type5) self.dW = (17, 0, 2, 0, 1, self.type5) self.lW = (18, 0, 1, 1, 1, self.type5) self.rW = (19, 0, 1, 0, 2, self.type5) self.name = ( (1, 0, 0, 0, 3, self.type1), (2, 0, 3, 0, 0, self.type1), (3, 0, 1, 0, 1, self.type2), (4, 0, 2, 0, 1, self.type3), (6, 0, 2, 1, 0, self.type3), (7, 0, 1, 0, 2, self.type3), (5, 0, 1, 1, 1, self.type3), (8, 0, 1, 0, 2, self.type4), (13, 0, 1, 2, 0, self.type4), (9, 0, 1, 0, 2, self.type4), (12, 0, 1, 0, 2, self.type4), (15, 0, 2, 0, 1, self.type4), (10, 0, 2, 0, 1, self.type4), (14, 0, 2, 1, 0, self.type4), (11, 0, 2, 0, 1, self.type4), (16, 0, 2, 1, 0, self.type5), (17, 0, 2, 0, 1, self.type5), (18, 0, 1, 1, 1, self.type5), (19, 0, 1, 0, 2, self.type5)) self.color = (QColor(250, 150, 50), QColor(100, 100, 100), QColor(100, 150, 150), QColor(150, 100, 100)) self.num_col = len(self.color)Block类：实现一个游戏对象的规则控制
# 对象类 class Block: def __init__(self, x, y, shape, mshape, color): self.__x = x self.__y = y self.__color = color self.__shape = shape self.__sha = mshape # 返回四个块的中心坐标 def getPos(self): x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 = self.__x y1 = y2 = y3 = y4 = self.__y if self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.hL[0]: x2 = x1 + 1 x3 = x2 + 1 x4 = x3 + 1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.vL[0]: y2 = y1 + 1 y3 = y2 + 1 y4 = y3 + 1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.S[0]: y2 = y1 + 1 x3 = x1 + 1 x4 = x3 y4 = y2 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.lZ[0]: x2 = x1 + 1 x3 = x2 y3 = y2 + 1 x4 = x3 + 1 y4 = y3 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.ruZ[0]: y2 = y1 + 1 x3 = x1 + 1 y3 = y1 - 1 x4 = x1 + 1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.luZ[0]: y2 = y1 + 1 x3 = x1 + 1 y3 = y2 x4 = x3 y4 = y3 + 1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.rZ[0]: x2 = x1 + 1 y2 = y1 - 1 x3 = x2 y3 = y2 + 1 x4 = x3 + 1 y4 = y2 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.lvuF[0]: x2 = x1 + 1 x3 = x4 = x2 y3 = y2 + 1 y4 = y3 + 1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.rvuF[0]: x2 = x1 + 1 y3 = y2 + 1 y4 = y3 + 1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.lhdF[0]: y2 = y1 + 1 x3 = x1 + 1 x4 = x3 + 1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.rhdF[0]: x2 = x1 + 1 x3 = x2 + 1 x4 = x3 y4 = y3 + 1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.rvdF[0]: y2 = y1 + 1 y3 = y2 + 1 x4 = x3 + 1 y4 = y3 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.lvdF[0]: x2 = x1 + 1 y2 = y1 - 2 x3 = x4 = x2 y3 = y1 - 1 y4 = y1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.rhuF[0]: x2 = x1 + 1 x3 = x2 + 1 x4 = x3 y4 = y3 - 1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.lhuF[0]: y2 = y1 + 1 x3 = x2 + 1 x4 = x3 + 1 y3 = y4 = y2 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.uW[0]: x2 = x1 + 1 x3 = x2 x4 = x3 + 1 y2 = y1 - 1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.dW[0]: x2 = x1 + 1 x3 = x2 x4 = x3 + 1 y3 = y2 + 1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.lW[0]: x2 = x1 + 1 x4 = x3 = x2 y2 = y1 - 1 y3 = y2 + 1 y4 = y3 + 1 elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.rW[0]: y2 = y1 + 1 y3 = y2 + 1 y4 = y2 x4 = x1 + 1 return [(x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3), (x4, y4)] # 返回边界 def getLeftBoun(self): return self.__x - self.__shape[1] def getRightBoun(self): return self.__x + self.__shape[2] def getTopBoun(self): return self.__y - self.__shape[3] def getDownBoun(self): return self.__y + self.__shape[4] # 返回形状 def getShape(self): return self.__shape # 返回颜色 def getColor(self): return self.__color # 设置颜色 def setColor(self, color): self.__color = color # 设置形状 def setShape(self, shape): self.__shape = shape # 设置坐标 def setXY(self, x, y): self.__x = x self.__y = y # 返回坐标 def getXY(self): return [self.__x, self.__y] # 移动坐标 def __movePos(self, step_x, step_y): self.setXY(self.__x + step_x, self.__y + step_y) # 旋转90度 def rota90(self): # type1 if self.__shape[-1] == self.__sha.type1: if self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.vL[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.hL) self.__movePos(-1, 1) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.hL[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.vL) self.__movePos(1, -1) # type2 elif self.__shape[-1] == self.__sha.type2: pass # type3 elif self.__shape[-1] == self.__sha.type3: if self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.lZ[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.ruZ) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.rZ[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.luZ) self.__movePos(0, -1) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.luZ[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.rZ) self.__movePos(-1, 1) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.ruZ[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.lZ) self.__movePos(0, -1) # type4 elif self.__shape[-1] == self.__sha.type4: if self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.lvuF[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.rhuF) self.__movePos(0, 1) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.lvdF[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.lhuF) self.__movePos(0, -2) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.rvuF[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.rhdF) self.__movePos(-1, 1) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.rvdF[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.lhdF) self.__movePos(-1, 1) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.lhuF[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.rvuF) self.__movePos(1, 0) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.lhdF[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.lvuF) self.__movePos(0, -1) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.rhuF[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.rvdF) self.__movePos(1, -1) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.rhdF[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.lvdF) self.__movePos(0, 1) # type5 elif self.__shape[-1] == self.__sha.type5: if self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.uW[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.rW) self.__movePos(1, -1) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.dW[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.lW) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.lW[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.uW) elif self.__shape[0] == self.__sha.rW[0]: self.setShape(self.__sha.dW) self.__movePos(-1, +1)Board 类：主要负责绘制
# 界面 class Board(QFrame): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.__num_y = 23 self.__num_x = 25 self.__time_step = 400 self.__initPara() self.__initUI() self.__initNet() self.setFocusPolicy(Qt.StrongFocus) # 初始化参数 def __initPara(self): self.__score = 0 self.__level = 0 self.__timer = QBasicTimer() self.__FACTOR = 4 / 5 self.__FACTOR_SCREEN = 0.6 self.__canvas_w = self.geometry().width() * self.__FACTOR self.__canvas_h = self.geometry().height() self.__szy = int(self.__canvas_h / self.__num_y) self.__szx = int(self.__canvas_w / self.__num_x) self.__gameOverFlag = False self.__net = [] self.__mshape = Shape() self.__block = Block(1, 1, self.__mshape.name[random.randint(0, self.__mshape.num - 1)], self.__mshape, self.__mshape.color[random.randint(0, self.__mshape.num_col - 1)]) # 初始化网格列表 def __initNet(self): self.__net = [[0 for j in range(self.__num_x - 1)] for j in range(self.__num_y - 1)] # 初始化界面 def __initUI(self): hb1 = QHBoxLayout() score_info_la = QLabel('Score: ') self.__score_la = QLabel('0') hb1.addWidget(score_info_la) hb1.addWidget(self.__score_la) hb1.addStretch(1) hb2 = QHBoxLayout() level_info_la = QLabel('Level: ') self.__level_la = QLabel('0') hb2.addWidget(level_info_la) hb2.addWidget(self.__level_la) hb2.addStretch(1) self.__speed_la = QLabel() self.__speed_la.setText(str((1010 - self.__time_step) / 10)) self.__speed_label = QLabel('Speed:') self.__sd_slider = QSlider() self.__sd_slider.setOrientation(Qt.Horizontal) self.__sd_slider.setMaximum(1) self.__sd_slider.setMaximum(100) self.__sd_slider.setValue(int((1010 - self.__time_step) / 10)) self.__sd_slider.valueChanged.connect(self.__LineEdt) hb3 = QHBoxLayout() hb3.addWidget(self.__speed_label) hb3.addWidget(self.__speed_la) hb2.addStretch(1) x_num_la = QLabel('X number:') self.__x_num_la_show = QLabel() self.__x_num_la_show.setText(str(self.__num_x - 1)) hb12 = QHBoxLayout() hb12.addWidget(x_num_la) hb12.addWidget(self.__x_num_la_show) hb12.addStretch(1) self.__x_num_sl = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self) self.__x_num_sl.setMaximum(100) self.__x_num_sl.setMinimum(1) self.__x_num_sl.setValue(self.__num_x - 1) self.__x_num_sl.valueChanged.connect(self.__setXNum) y_num_la = QLabel('Y number:') self.__y_num_la_show = QLabel() self.__y_num_la_show.setText(str(self.__num_y - 1)) hb13 = QHBoxLayout() hb13.addWidget(y_num_la) hb13.addWidget(self.__y_num_la_show) hb13.addStretch(1) self.__y_num_sl = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self) self.__y_num_sl.setMinimum(1) self.__y_num_sl.setMaximum(100) self.__y_num_sl.setValue(self.__num_y - 1) self.__y_num_sl.valueChanged.connect(self.__setYNum) self.__st_btn = QPushButton('Start') self.__st_btn.setEnabled(True) hb7 = QHBoxLayout() hb7.addWidget(self.__st_btn) hb7.addStretch(1) self.__stop_btn = QPushButton('Stop') self.__stop_btn.setEnabled(True) hb8 = QHBoxLayout() hb8.addWidget(self.__stop_btn) hb8.addStretch(1) self.__pause_btn = QPushButton('Pause') self.__pause_btn.setEnabled(True) hb9 = QHBoxLayout() hb9.addWidget(self.__pause_btn) hb9.addStretch(1) self.__new_btn = QPushButton('New Game') self.__new_btn.setEnabled(True) hb10 = QHBoxLayout() hb10.addWidget(self.__new_btn) hb10.addStretch(1) self.__exit_btn = QPushButton('Exit') self.__exit_btn.setEnabled(True) hb11 = QHBoxLayout() hb11.addWidget(self.__exit_btn) hb11.addStretch(1) self.__new_btn.clicked.connect(self.__newGameBtnAction) self.__st_btn.clicked.connect(self.__stBtnAction) self.__stop_btn.clicked.connect(self.__stopBtnAction) self.__pause_btn.clicked.connect(self.__pauseBtnAction) self.__exit_btn.clicked.connect(self.close) self.__lcd = QLCDNumber() self.__lcd.setMinimumSize(100, 100) hb4 = QHBoxLayout() hb4.addWidget(self.__lcd) hb4.addStretch(1) vb = QVBoxLayout() vb.addLayout(hb1) vb.addLayout(hb2) vb.addLayout(hb4) vb.addStretch(1) vb.addLayout(hb3) vb.addWidget(self.__sd_slider) vb.addLayout(hb7) vb.addLayout(hb8) vb.addLayout(hb9) vb.addStretch(1) vb.addLayout(hb12) vb.addWidget(self.__x_num_sl) vb.addLayout(hb13) vb.addWidget(self.__y_num_sl) vb.addLayout(hb10) vb.addStretch(10) vb.addLayout(hb11) hb5 = QHBoxLayout() hb5.addStretch(1) hb5.addLayout(vb) self.setLayout(hb5) screen = QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry() width = screen.width() * self.__FACTOR_SCREEN height = screen.height() * self.__FACTOR_SCREEN x0 = screen.width() * (1 - self.__FACTOR_SCREEN) / 2 y0 = screen.height() * (1 - self.__FACTOR_SCREEN) / 2 self.setGeometry(x0, y0, width, height) self.__canva_w = self.geometry().width() * self.__FACTOR self.__canva_h = self.geometry().height() self.__szx = int(self.__canva_w / self.__num_x) self.__szy = int(self.__canva_h / self.__num_y) self.setWindowTitle("Russian Block") self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('example.png')) self.show() # 绘制网格 def __drawNetGrid(self, qp): pen = QPen(Qt.lightGray, 1, Qt.DashLine) qp.setPen(pen) for i in range(self.__num_y): qp.drawLine(int(self.__szx / 2), int(i * self.__szy + self.__szy / 2), int(self.__num_x * self.__szx - self.__szx / 2), int(i * self.__szy + self.__szy / 2)) for i in range(self.__num_x): qp.drawLine(int(i * self.__szx + self.__szx / 2), int(self.__szy / 2), int(i * self.__szx + self.__szx / 2), int(self.__num_y * self.__szy - self.__szy / 2)) # 提示Game Over def __gameOver(self, qp, x, y): pen = QPen(Qt.red) qp.setPen(pen) qp.setFont(QFont('Blackoak Std', 20)) qp.drawText(x, y, self.__canva_w / 2, self.__canva_h / 2, True, 'Game Over！') # 类的自调用painter绘制函数 def paintEvent(self, e): self.__canvas_w = self.geometry().width() * self.__FACTOR self.__canvas_h = self.geometry().height() self.__szx = int(self.__canvas_w / self.__num_x) self.__szy = int(self.__canvas_h / self.__num_y) qp = QPainter() qp.begin(self) self.__drawNetGrid(qp) # 绘制网格 # 绘制形状 for i, eles in enumerate(self.__net): for j, ele in enumerate(eles): if not ele == 0: self.__drawRect(qp, j + 1, i + 1, self.__szx, self.__szy, ele) if self.__timer.isActive(): self.__drawBlock(qp, self.__block, self.__szx, self.__szy) # game over if self.__gameOverFlag: self.__gameOverFlag = False self.__gameOver(qp, self.__canva_w / 4, self.__canva_h / 2) qp.end() # timer def timerEvent(self, e): if self.__isNextPosEmpty(self.__block, 0, 1): self.__moveBlock(0, 1) else: self.__refreshFullNet(self.__block) for k, ele in enumerate(self.__net): if 0 not in ele: self.__score += 1 self.__level += int(self.__score / 10) self.__update_score() self.__update_level() for i in range(k): self.__net[k - i] = self.__net[k - 1 - i] self.__net[0] = [0 for i in range(self.__num_x - 1)] # 游戏结束 if sum([1 for ele in self.__net[0] if not ele == 0]) > 0: self.stop() self.__st_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__pause_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__stop_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__gameOverFlag = True else: self.__block = self.__generateRandomBlock() self.update() # 键盘按键事件 def keyPressEvent(self, e): key = e.key() x, y = self.__block.getXY() if key == Qt.Key_Left: if (x > 1) & self.__isNextPosEmpty(self.__block, -1, 0): self.__block.setXY(x - 1, y) elif key == Qt.Key_Right: if self.__isNextPosEmpty(self.__block, +1, 0): self.__block.setXY(x + 1, y) elif key == Qt.Key_Down: if self.__isNextPosEmpty(self.__block, 0, 2): self.__block.setXY(x, y + 2) elif key == Qt.Key_Up: block = Block(self.__block.getXY()[0], self.__block.getXY()[1], self.__block.getShape(), self.__mshape, self.__block.getColor()) block.rota90() if (block.getDownBoun() > self.__num_y - 1) | (block.getLeftBoun() < 1) | ( block.getRightBoun() > self.__num_x - 1): pass else: self.__block.rota90() elif key == Qt.Key_P: if self.__timer.isActive(): self.stop() else: self.start() self.update() # 窗口大小改变自动调用事件 def resizeEvent(self, e): self.update() # 判占位列表是否空 def __isNextPosEmpty(self, block, step_x, step_y): bot = block.getDownBoun() right = block.getRightBoun() if ((bot + step_y) > self.__num_y - 1) | ((step_x > 0) & ((right + step_x) > self.__num_x - 1)): return False pos = block.getPos() for p in pos: if p[1] < 1: pass elif not self.__net[p[1] - 1 + step_y][p[0] - 1 + step_x] == 0: return False return True # 更新占位列表 def __refreshFullNet(self, block): for pos in block.getPos(): if (pos[0] < 1) | (pos[1] < 1) | (pos[0] > self.__num_x - 1) | (pos[1] > self.__num_y - 1): pass self.__net[pos[1] - 1][pos[0] - 1] = block.getColor() # 生成一个随机对象 def __generateRandomBlock(self): num_sha = random.randint(0, self.__mshape.num - 1) sha = self.__mshape.name[num_sha] num_col = random.randint(0, self.__mshape.num_col - 1) color = self.__mshape.color[num_col] x = random.randint(1, self.__num_x) block = Block(x, 1, sha, self.__mshape, color) while block.getRightBoun() > (self.__num_x - 1): x = random.randint(1, self.__num_x) block = Block(x, 1, sha, self.__mshape, color) return block # 绘制方块 def __drawRect(self, qp, x, y, szx, szy, color): x_loca = x * szx - szx / 2 y_loca = y * szy - szy / 2 # Brush brush = QBrush(color) brush.setStyle(Qt.SolidPattern) qp.setBrush(brush) qp.drawRect(x_loca, y_loca, szx, szy) # Pen pen = QPen(Qt.darkBlue, 2, Qt.SolidLine) qp.setPen(pen) qp.drawRect(x_loca, y_loca, szx, szy) # 绘制特定形状 def __drawBlock(self, qp, block, szx, szy): color = block.getColor() pos = block.getPos() x1 = pos[0][0] y1 = pos[0][1] x2 = pos[1][0] y2 = pos[1][1] x3 = pos[2][0] y3 = pos[2][1] x4 = pos[3][0] y4 = pos[3][1] self.__drawRect(qp, x1, y1, szx, szy, color) self.__drawRect(qp, x2, y2, szx, szy, color) self.__drawRect(qp, x3, y3, szx, szy, color) self.__drawRect(qp, x4, y4, szx, szy, color) # 移动 def __moveBlock(self, speed_x, speed_y): self.__block.setXY(self.__block.getXY()[0] + speed_x, self.__block.getXY()[1] + speed_y) # 更新成绩 def __update_score(self): self.__score_la.setText(str(self.__score)) self.__lcd.display(str(self.__score)) # 更新等级 def __update_level(self): self.__level_la.setText(str(self.__level)) # 滑动条事件 def __LineEdt(self): self.__speed_la.setText(str(self.__sd_slider.value())) self.__time_step = 1010 - self.__sd_slider.value() * 10 if self.__stop_btn.isEnabled() & self.__pause_btn.isEnabled(): self.start() # 设置Xnum def __setXNum(self): self.stop() self.__st_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__stop_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__pause_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__x_num_la_show.setText(str(self.__x_num_sl.value())) self.__num_x = self.__x_num_sl.value() # 设置Y Num def __setYNum(self): self.stop() self.__st_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__stop_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__pause_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__y_num_la_show.setText(str(self.__y_num_sl.value())) self.__num_y = self.__y_num_sl.value() # 开始按钮事件 def __stBtnAction(self): if self.__timer.isActive(): pass else: self.__st_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__stop_btn.setEnabled(True) self.__pause_btn.setEnabled(True) self.__timer.start(self.__time_step, self) # 停止按钮事件 def __stopBtnAction(self): if self.__timer.isActive(): self.__timer.stop() self.__st_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__pause_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__stop_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__timer.stop() # 暂停按钮事件 def __pauseBtnAction(self): if self.__timer.isActive(): self.__timer.stop() self.__st_btn.setEnabled(True) self.__pause_btn.setEnabled(False) self.__stop_btn.setEnabled(True) # 新游戏按钮事件 def __newGameBtnAction(self): if self.__timer.isActive(): self.stop() self.__initPara() self.__initNet() self.__st_btn.setEnabled(True) self.__pause_btn.setEnabled(True) self.__stop_btn.setEnabled(True) self.update() self.start() # 启动时间循环时间 def start(self): self.__timer.start(self.__time_step, self) # 停止计时器 def stop(self): self.__timer.stop()
最后：
总的来说俄罗斯方块实现起来比较方便，是进行PyQt学习的一个不错方式。另外，楼主的想法是接下来完成自动万俄罗斯方块的功能，有感兴趣的小伙伴可以下载代码自己试试看喔。
完整的代码打包在这里：链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1nvEEjRN 密码：x2wy