PYQGIS独立应用开发

QGIS安装

版本:QGIS 3.4.2

环境配置

开发工具:pycharm

File-->settings...中Project interpreter添加python开发环境,选择‪C:\Program Files\QGIS 3.4\bin\python-qgis.bat,如下图:

界面设计

可使用qt designer设计,本文主要实现了工具栏功能(放大、缩小、抓手)

写代码

主要讲一下main函数实现逻辑,qgs.setPrefixPath('qgis', True),这一行比较重要(后边会用到):

def main():
    # 应用入口,使用GUI
    qgs = QgsApplication([], True)
    # 设置,qgis安装路径,这里写相对路径,如果是源码运行,这行可不写
    qgs.setPrefixPath('qgis', True)
    # 初始化
    qgs.initQgis()

    window = MapExplorer()
    window.show()

    exit_code = qgs.exec_()
    # 退出
    qgs.exitQgis()
    sys.exit(exit_code)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2018/11/26 9:36
# @Author  : llc
# @File    : standalone.py

import os, sys
from qgis.core import QgsProject, QgsApplication, QgsVectorLayer
from qgis.gui import QgsMapCanvas, QgsMapToolPan, QgsMapToolZoom, QgsMapToolIdentify
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QVBoxLayout, QFileDialog
from ui.main_ui import Ui_MainWindow


class MapExplorer(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MapExplorer, self).__init__()
        self.setupUi(self)

        self.init_mapcanvas()
        self.slot_connect()

    def slot_connect(self):
        self.action_open.triggered.connect(self.action_open_triggered)
        self.action_basemap.triggered.connect(self.action_basemap_triggered)
        self.action_mark.triggered.connect(self.action_mark_triggered)
        self.action_zoomin.triggered.connect(self.action_zoomin_triggered)
        self.action_zoomout.triggered.connect(self.action_zoomout_triggered)
        self.action_pan.triggered.connect(self.action_pan_triggered)
        self.action_identify.triggered.connect(self.action_identify_triggered)

    def init_mapcanvas(self):
        self.mapCanvas = QgsMapCanvas()
        self.mapCanvas.xyCoordinates.connect(self.show_lonlat)
        self.mapCanvas.setCanvasColor(Qt.white)
        # self.mapCanvas.show()
        layout = QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        layout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
        layout.addWidget(self.mapCanvas)

    def loadMap(self, fullpath):
        print(fullpath)
        self.layer = QgsVectorLayer(fullpath, "shp", "ogr")
        QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(self.layer)
        self.mapCanvas.setLayers([self.layer])
        self.mapCanvas.setExtent(self.layer.extent())
        self.mapCanvas.refresh()

    def action_open_triggered(self):
        fullpath, format = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, '打开数据', '', '*.shp')
        if os.path.exists(fullpath):
            self.loadMap(fullpath)

    def action_basemap_triggered(self):
        pass

    def action_mark_triggered(self):
        pass

    def action_zoomin_triggered(self):
        self.maptool = QgsMapToolZoom(self.mapCanvas, False)
        self.mapCanvas.setMapTool(self.maptool)

    def action_zoomout_triggered(self):
        self.maptool = QgsMapToolZoom(self.mapCanvas, True)
        self.mapCanvas.setMapTool(self.maptool)

    def action_pan_triggered(self):
        self.maptool = QgsMapToolPan(self.mapCanvas)
        self.mapCanvas.setMapTool(self.maptool)

    def action_identify_triggered(self):
        self.maptool = QgsMapToolIdentify(self.mapCanvas)
        self.mapCanvas.setMapTool(self.maptool)

    def show_lonlat(self, point):
        x = point.x()
        y = point.y()
        self.statusbar.showMessage(f'经度:{x},纬度:{y}')


def main():
    qgs = QgsApplication([], True)
    qgs.setPrefixPath('qgis', True)
    qgs.initQgis()

    window = MapExplorer()
    window.show()

    exit_code = qgs.exec_()
    qgs.exitQgis()
    sys.exit(exit_code)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

编译

源码调试没有错误后编译程序,编译步骤比较麻烦,需要用到pyinstaller。

安装pyinstaller

管理员启动cmd,进入到C:\Program Files\QGIS 3.4\bin,执行命令:

python-qgis.bat -m easy_install pyinstaller

环境变量配置

分析 python-qgis.bat后得知,该bat先添加了一些环境变量(不用关心那些环境变量),然后启动了python,如下:

@echo off
call "%~dp0\o4w_env.bat"
call qt5_env.bat
call py3_env.bat
@echo off
path %OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qgis\bin;%PATH%
set QGIS_PREFIX_PATH=%OSGEO4W_ROOT:\=/%/apps/qgis
set GDAL_FILENAME_IS_UTF8=YES
rem Set VSI cache to be used as buffer, see #6448
set VSI_CACHE=TRUE
set VSI_CACHE_SIZE=1000000
set QT_PLUGIN_PATH=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qgis\qtplugins;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qt5\plugins
set PYTHONPATH=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qgis\python;%PYTHONPATH%
"%PYTHONHOME%\python" %*

 复制python-qgis.bat重命名为python-pyinstaller.bat,并修改最后一行启动命令,如下:

@echo off
call "%~dp0\o4w_env.bat"
call qt5_env.bat
call py3_env.bat
@echo off
path %OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qgis\bin;%PATH%
set QGIS_PREFIX_PATH=%OSGEO4W_ROOT:\=/%/apps/qgis
set GDAL_FILENAME_IS_UTF8=YES
rem Set VSI cache to be used as buffer, see #6448
set VSI_CACHE=TRUE
set VSI_CACHE_SIZE=1000000
set QT_PLUGIN_PATH=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qgis\qtplugins;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qt5\plugins
set PYTHONPATH=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qgis\python;%PYTHONPATH%
"%PYTHONHOME%\Scripts\pyinstaller" %*

开始编译

进入到脚本standalone.py所在目录,执行(请自行百度pyinstaller用法):

"C:\Program Files\QGIS 3.4\bin\python-pyinstaller.bat" -w standalone.py

报错,提示插件目录不存在(可能是上边环境变量的问题),我的解决方案是:新建C:\src\osgeo4w\qt5\osgeo4w\qt5\5.11.2\msvc2015_64路径,将C:\Program Files\QGIS 3.4\apps\qt5目录下的plugins拷贝过来:

 再次编译(时间稍长),成功;在standalone.py所在目录下生成dist文件夹,进入到.\dist\standalone目录运行standalone.exe,依然报错:

修改参数后重新编译(-w是窗口程序,-c是控制台程序:可打印出相关错误),找到报错原因,是因为缺少好多pyd依赖,我的解决方案是:复制C:\Program Files\QGIS 3.4\apps\Python37\Lib\site-packages\PyQt5目录下所有的pyd文件到.\dist\standalone\PyQt5目录

"C:\Program Files\QGIS 3.4\bin\python-pyinstaller.bat" -c standalone.py

终于可以正确打开程序了,但当加载shp数据的时候,发现数据没有显示,也没有报错,这就是前面提到的qgs.setPrefixPath('qgis', True)这一行代码,可以发现.\dist\standalone\qgis目录下只有_core.pyd和_gui.pyd两个文件,经分析是缺少plugins引起的,解决方案:将C:\Program Files\QGIS 3.4\apps\qgis目录下的plugins文件夹拷贝到.\dist\standalone\qgis目录下,此时可以正常加载数据了,并且可以发布自己的程序到其它计算机上(不需要python和QGIS环境)。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/this_is_id/article/details/84562649