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一、准备样本：
正样本：样本处理和选择非常有技巧，我的标准是框住整个车牌留出边框，这样既保留了车牌原有的字符特征，字符组特征还有车牌的边框特征。其中双行车牌我只取底下面的一行。并且检测样本最好不要预处理，输入源给出什么图形就用什么图形。具体的抠图方式可以参考我其他博客车牌识别技术详解三--字符检测的正负样本得取（利用鼠标画框抠图）。
负样本：负样本选择同样非常有技巧性。尽量采集车牌使用环境下的背景图片，并且需要包含一部分车牌字符但是非正样本的取在车牌周围的负样本。
二、HAAR特征：
可视化haar特征
haarFeatureVision
改动：
(1)global.h里面
extern IplImage * showHaarFeatureImg;
(2)global.cpp里面
IplImage * showHaarFeatureImg;
(3)SimpleClassifier.cpp里面改动
#define haarFeatureVison 1
void SimpleClassifier::ReadFromFile(ifstream& f)
{
f>>thresh>>parity>>type;
f>>x1>>x2>>x3>>x4>>y1>>y2>>y3>>y4;
f.ignore(256,'\n');
assert(parity == 0 || parity == 1);
// assert(type>=0 && type<=4);
if(haarFeatureVison){//haarFeatureVison
showHaarFeatureImg = cvLoadImage("showHaarFeature.bmp",1);
if(type == 0){
std::cout<<x1<<" "<<x2<<" "<<x3<<" "<<x4<<" "<<y1<<" "<<y2<<" "<<y3<<" "<<y4<<std::endl;
CvPoint A = cvPoint(y1,x1);
CvPoint B = cvPoint(y1,x2);
CvPoint C = cvPoint(y1,x3);
CvPoint D = cvPoint(y3,x1);
CvPoint E = cvPoint(y3,x2);
CvPoint F = cvPoint(y3,x3);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, A,cvPoint(E.x,E.y-1),CV_RGB(0,0,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, B,cvPoint(F.x,F.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvNamedWindow("haarFeatureVison",0);
cvShowImage("haarFeatureVison",showHaarFeatureImg);
// cvWaitKey(0);
}
if(type == 5){
std::cout<<x1<<" "<<x2<<" "<<x3<<" "<<x4<<" "<<y1<<" "<<y2<<" "<<y3<<" "<<y4<<std::endl;
CvPoint A = cvPoint(y1,x1);
CvPoint B = cvPoint(y4,x1);
CvPoint C = cvPoint(y1,x2);
CvPoint D = cvPoint(y2,x2);
CvPoint E = cvPoint(y3,x2);
CvPoint F = cvPoint(y4,x2);
CvPoint G = cvPoint(y1,x3);
CvPoint H = cvPoint(y2,x3);
CvPoint I = cvPoint(y3,x3);
CvPoint J = cvPoint(y4,x3);
CvPoint K = cvPoint(y1,x4);
CvPoint L = cvPoint(y4,x4);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, D,cvPoint(I.x-1, I.y-1),CV_RGB(0,0,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, A,cvPoint(F.x-1, F.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, C,cvPoint(H.x-1, H.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, E,cvPoint(J.x-1, J.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, G,cvPoint(L.x-1, L.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvNamedWindow("haarFeatureVison",0);
cvShowImage("haarFeatureVison",showHaarFeatureImg);
// cvWaitKey(0);
}
if(type == 6){
std::cout<<x1<<" "<<x2<<" "<<x3<<" "<<x4<<" "<<y1<<" "<<y2<<" "<<y3<<" "<<y4<<std::endl;
CvPoint A = cvPoint(y1,x1);
CvPoint B = cvPoint(y4,x1);
CvPoint C = cvPoint(y1,x2);
CvPoint D = cvPoint(y2,x2);
CvPoint E = cvPoint(y3,x2);
CvPoint F = cvPoint(y4,x2);
CvPoint G = cvPoint(y1,x3);
CvPoint H = cvPoint(y2,x3);
CvPoint I = cvPoint(y3,x3);
CvPoint J = cvPoint(y4,x3);
CvPoint K = cvPoint(y1,x4);
CvPoint L = cvPoint(y4,x4);
CvPoint O = cvPoint(y2,x1);
CvPoint P = cvPoint(y3,x1);
CvPoint Q = cvPoint(y2,x4);
CvPoint M = cvPoint(y3,x4);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, D,cvPoint(I.x-1, I.y-1),CV_RGB(0,0,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, P,cvPoint(F.x-1, F.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, G,cvPoint(Q.x-1, Q.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, A,cvPoint(H.x-1, H.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, O,cvPoint(E.x-1, E.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, E,cvPoint(L.x-1, L.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, H,cvPoint(M.x-1, M.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvNamedWindow("haarFeatureVison",0);
cvShowImage("haarFeatureVison",showHaarFeatureImg);
// cvSaveImage("haarFeatureVison1.bmp",showHaarFeatureImg);
// cvWaitKey(0);
}
if(type == 7){
std::cout<<x1<<" "<<x2<<" "<<x3<<" "<<x4<<" "<<y1<<" "<<y2<<" "<<y3<<" "<<y4<<std::endl;
CvPoint A = cvPoint(y1,x1);
CvPoint B = cvPoint(y4,x1);
CvPoint C = cvPoint(y1,x2);
CvPoint D = cvPoint(y2,x2);
CvPoint E = cvPoint(y3,x2);
CvPoint F = cvPoint(y4,x2);
CvPoint G = cvPoint(y1,x3);
CvPoint H = cvPoint(y2,x3);
CvPoint I = cvPoint(y3,x3);
CvPoint J = cvPoint(y4,x3);
CvPoint K = cvPoint(y1,x4);
CvPoint L = cvPoint(y4,x4);
CvPoint O = cvPoint(y2,x1);
CvPoint P = cvPoint(y3,x1);
CvPoint Q = cvPoint(y2,x4);
CvPoint M = cvPoint(y3,x4);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, D,cvPoint(I.x-1, I.y-1),CV_RGB(0,0,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, A,cvPoint(D.x-1, D.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, I,cvPoint(L.x-1, L.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, C,cvPoint(Q.x-1, Q.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, P,cvPoint(J.x-1, J.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, O,cvPoint(E.x-1, E.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, H,cvPoint(M.x-1, M.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvNamedWindow("haarFeatureVison",0);
cvShowImage("haarFeatureVison",showHaarFeatureImg);
// cvSaveImage("haarFeatureVison1.bmp",showHaarFeatureImg);
// cvWaitKey(0);
}
if(type == 8){
std::cout<<x1<<" "<<x2<<" "<<x3<<" "<<x4<<" "<<y1<<" "<<y2<<" "<<y3<<" "<<y4<<std::endl;
CvPoint A = cvPoint(y1,x1);
CvPoint B = cvPoint(y4,x1);
CvPoint C = cvPoint(y1,x2);
CvPoint D = cvPoint(y2,x2);
CvPoint E = cvPoint(y3,x2);
CvPoint F = cvPoint(y4,x2);
CvPoint G = cvPoint(y1,x3);
CvPoint H = cvPoint(y2,x3);
CvPoint I = cvPoint(y3,x3);
CvPoint J = cvPoint(y4,x3);
CvPoint K = cvPoint(y1,x4);
CvPoint L = cvPoint(y4,x4);
CvPoint O = cvPoint(y2,x1);
CvPoint P = cvPoint(y3,x1);
CvPoint Q = cvPoint(y2,x4);
CvPoint M = cvPoint(y3,x4);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, A,cvPoint(D.x-1, D.y-1),CV_RGB(0,0,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, D,cvPoint(I.x-1, I.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, O,cvPoint(E.x-1, E.y-1),CV_RGB(100,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, C,cvPoint(H.x-1, H.y-1),CV_RGB(100,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvNamedWindow("haarFeatureVison",0);
cvShowImage("haarFeatureVison",showHaarFeatureImg);
// cvSaveImage("haarFeatureVison1.bmp",showHaarFeatureImg);
// cvWaitKey(0);
}
if(type == 9){
std::cout<<x1<<" "<<x2<<" "<<x3<<" "<<x4<<" "<<y1<<" "<<y2<<" "<<y3<<" "<<y4<<std::endl;
CvPoint A = cvPoint(y1,x1);
CvPoint B = cvPoint(y4,x1);
CvPoint C = cvPoint(y1,x2);
CvPoint D = cvPoint(y2,x2);
CvPoint E = cvPoint(y3,x2);
CvPoint F = cvPoint(y4,x2);
CvPoint G = cvPoint(y1,x3);
CvPoint H = cvPoint(y2,x3);
CvPoint I = cvPoint(y3,x3);
CvPoint J = cvPoint(y4,x3);
CvPoint K = cvPoint(y1,x4);
CvPoint L = cvPoint(y4,x4);
CvPoint O = cvPoint(y2,x1);
CvPoint P = cvPoint(y3,x1);
CvPoint Q = cvPoint(y2,x4);
CvPoint M = cvPoint(y3,x4);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, A,cvPoint(D.x-1, D.y-1),CV_RGB(100,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, D,cvPoint(I.x-1, I.y-1),CV_RGB(100,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, O,cvPoint(E.x-1, E.y-1),CV_RGB(0,0,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, C,cvPoint(H.x-1, H.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvNamedWindow("haarFeatureVison",0);
cvShowImage("haarFeatureVison",showHaarFeatureImg);
// cvSaveImage("haarFeatureVison1.bmp",showHaarFeatureImg);
// cvWaitKey(0);
}
if(type == 10){
std::cout<<x1<<" "<<x2<<" "<<x3<<" "<<x4<<" "<<y1<<" "<<y2<<" "<<y3<<" "<<y4<<std::endl;
CvPoint A = cvPoint(y1,x1);
CvPoint B = cvPoint(y4,x1);
CvPoint C = cvPoint(y1,x2);
CvPoint D = cvPoint(y2,x2);
CvPoint E = cvPoint(y3,x2);
CvPoint F = cvPoint(y4,x2);
CvPoint G = cvPoint(y1,x3);
CvPoint H = cvPoint(y2,x3);
CvPoint I = cvPoint(y3,x3);
CvPoint J = cvPoint(y4,x3);
CvPoint K = cvPoint(y1,x4);
CvPoint L = cvPoint(y4,x4);
CvPoint O = cvPoint(y2,x1);
CvPoint P = cvPoint(y3,x1);
CvPoint Q = cvPoint(y2,x4);
CvPoint M = cvPoint(y3,x4);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, D,cvPoint(I.x-1, I.y-1),CV_RGB(0,0,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, O,cvPoint(E.x-1, E.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, E,cvPoint(J.x-1, J.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, H,cvPoint(M.x-1, M.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, C,cvPoint(H.x-1, H.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,200), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, A,cvPoint(D.x-1, D.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, P,cvPoint(F.x-1, F.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, I,cvPoint(L.x-1, L.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvRectangle(showHaarFeatureImg, G,cvPoint(Q.x-1, Q.y-1),CV_RGB(200,200,0), CV_FILLED);
cvNamedWindow("haarFeatureVison",0);
cvShowImage("haarFeatureVison",showHaarFeatureImg);
// cvSaveImage("haarFeatureVison1.bmp",showHaarFeatureImg);
cvWaitKey(0);
}
}
}
Type 0 feature：
Feature value is BCEF-ABDE =(B+F-C-E)-(A+E-B-D) = D+F-A-C+2(B-E)
Coordinates: x1,x2,x3 (vertical) and y1,y3(horizontal), e.g. E=(x2,y3)
Type1 feautre：
Feature value is BCEF-ABDE = (B+F-C-E)-(A+E-B-D) = D+F-A-C+2(B-E)
Coordinates: x1,x3 (vertical) and y1,y2,y3(horizontal), e.g. E=(x3,y2)
Type 2 feature：
Feature value is CDGH+ABEF-2BCFG =ADEH-3BCFG = A+H-D-E+3(C+F-B-G)
Coordinate:x1,x2,x3,x4 (vertical) and y1,y3 (horizontal), e.g. C=(x3,y1)
Type 3 features：
Feature value is CDGH+ABEF-2BCFG =ADEH-3BCFG = A+H-D-E +3(C+F-B-G)
Coordinate:x1,x3 (vertical) and y1,y2,y3,y4 (horizontal), e.g. C=(x1,y3)
Type 4 features：
Feature value is ABDE+EFHI-BCEF-DEGH =A+E-B-D+E+I-H-F+E+G-D-H+E+C-B-F
= 4E –2(B+D-H-F)+A+C+G+I
Coordinate: x1,x2,x3 (vertical) andy1,y2,y3 (horizontal), e.g. F=(x2,y3).
Type 5 features
Type 6 features
Type 7 features
Type 8features
Type 9 features
Type10 features
