gnuradio安装指南——详解ubuntu16.04下使用脚本安装gnuradio&uhd全过程

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载需要注明出处。 https://blog.csdn.net/px_528/article/details/52761153

一、下载篇

在ubuntu下安装gnuradio有很多方法，gnuradio官网中对不同下载安装方法进行了详细的说明
http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki/InstallingGR
其中官网推荐在ubuntu下使用方法
apt-get install gnuradio
这种方法主要可以使用仿真的功能，对大多数用户来说已经足够了，但是博主考虑到今后有可能会根据需要修改一些关键代码等，所以决定Download From Source从源文件下载
http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki/InstallingGRFromSource
转到网页发现从源文件下载安装也有好几种方法，综合对比还是选择比较简单的方法——Using the build-gnuradio script直接使用脚本进行下载和安装（会自动安装uhd），即使用命令
wget http://www.sbrac.org/files/build-gnuradio && chmod a+x build-gnuradio && ./build-gnuradio
运行脚本之前先切换到任意一个目录即可，最好建立一个单独的文件夹，需要联网，中途需要输入几次选择（y|Y|Yes|N之类的），所以比较漫长，博主尝试之后注意到chmod命令是需要加sudo的，没加的话会报错，所以上述命令改一下比较好
wget http://www.sbrac.org/files/build-gnuradio && sudo chmod a+x build-gnuradio && ./build-gnuradio

二、异常处理篇

这个脚本使用非常方便，它会自动检查依赖的文件是否具备，不具备的话会自动下载，所以基本不需要我们额外去做任何安装。如果中途提示有几个文件不能获取到，会提示最终构造出的gnuradio可能会存在某些问题，所以有条件的话可以根据提示自己先提前下载到这些不能自动下载的文件重新运行脚本。但是不下载也能继续往下执行，只是可能今后会有什么bug吧，暂时也不太清楚。
博主的脚本检测到两个不具备

Failed to find package 'python-wxgtk2.8' in known package repositories
SOME THINGS MAY NOT BUILD AS A RESULT

Failed to find package 'libzmq1-dev' in known package repositories
SOME THINGS MAY NOT BUILD AS A RESULT

依赖检测执行完之后，脚本自动从Git下载缺少的依赖文件、gnuradio和uhd和image并构造，这段时间不能断网，而且用时很长，得耐心等待，基本上没什么问题。

三、测试篇

最后提示安装好了，并且提示设置python的路径环境变量（这个可以先不管，如果不行再添加就好）

You should probably set your PYTHONPATH to:
     /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

然后提示需要先登出系统再登录，所以可以注销后登录也可以重启，
然后运行声卡测试程序安装是否完成，进入声卡实例目录
cd /usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/audio
然后查看对应目录下的文件
ls
显示如下

运行dial_tone.py，即在终端输入
./dial_tone.py
显示如图

如果电脑声卡发出声音，那么恭喜你，说明PYTHONPATH的路径不用设置了，只需要输入Ctrl+C即可停止运行，如果这一步报错就需要定义环境变量PYTHONPATH路径，方法参考脚本源代码如下

if [ -d /usr/local/lib${type}/python${PYVER}/site-packages/gnuradio ]
            then
                PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib${type}/python${PYVER}/site-packages
            fi
            if [ -d /usr/local/lib${type}/python${PYVER}/dist-packages/gnuradio ]
            then
                PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib${type}/python${PYVER}/dist-packages
            fi

博主的对应路径如下

所以设置成对应值即可（环境变量设置不会的话就百度一下）。
最后，输入
gnuradio-companion
就可以进入图形界面了


到此为止就实现了在ubuntu下使用脚本安装gnuradio了。

四、安装过程中的脚本输出结果

px@px-ThinkPad-T450:~$ cd Desktop/build-gnuradio/
px@px-ThinkPad-T450:~/Desktop/build-gnuradio$ ls
px@px-ThinkPad-T450:~/Desktop/build-gnuradio$ sudo wget http://www.sbrac.org/files/build-gnuradio && sudo chmod a+x build-gnuradio && ./build-gnuradio
[sudo] password for px: 
--2016-10-09 22:03:47--  http://www.sbrac.org/files/build-gnuradio
Resolving www.sbrac.org (www.sbrac.org)... 67.212.80.242
Connecting to www.sbrac.org (www.sbrac.org)|67.212.80.242|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 41528 (41K) [text/plain]
Saving to: ‘build-gnuradio’

build-gnuradio      100%[===================>]  40.55K  62.6KB/s    in 0.6s    

2016-10-09 22:03:49 (62.6 KB/s) - ‘build-gnuradio’ saved [41528/41528]

This script will install Gnu Radio from current GIT sources
You will require Internet access from the computer on which this
script runs. You will also require SUDO access. You will require
approximately 500MB of free disk space to perform the build.

This script will, as a side-effect, remove any existing Gnu Radio
installation that was installed from your Linux distribution packages.
It must do this to prevent problems due to interference between
a linux-distribution-installed Gnu Radio/UHD and one installed from GIT source.

The whole process may take up to two hours to complete, depending on the
capabilities of your system.

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
NOTE: if you run into problems while running this script, you can re-run it with
the --verbose option to produce lots of diagnostic output to help debug problems.
This script has been written to anticipate some of the more common problems one might
encounter building ANY large, complex software package. But it is not pefect, and
there are certainly some situations it could encounter that it cannot deal with
gracefully. Altering the system configuration from something reasonably standard,
removing parts of the filesystem, moving system libraries around arbitrarily, etc,
it likely cannot cope with. It is just a script. It isn't intuitive or artificially
intelligent. It tries to make life a little easier for you, but at the end of the day
if it runs into trouble, a certain amount of knowledge on your part about
system configuration and idiosyncrasies will inevitably be necessary.


Proceed?y
Starting all functions at: Sun Oct 9 22:03:50 CST 2016
SUDO privileges are required
Do you have SUDO privileges?y
Continuing with script
Installing prerequisites.
====> THIS MAY TAKE QUITE SOME TIME <=====
Checking for package libqwt6
Checking for package libfontconfig1-dev
Checking for package libxrender-dev
Checking for package libpulse-dev
Checking for package swig
Checking for package g++
Checking for package automake
Checking for package autoconf
Checking for package libtool
Checking for package python-dev
Checking for package libfftw3-dev
Checking for package libcppunit-dev
Checking for package libboost-all-dev
Checking for package libusb-dev
Checking for package libusb-1.0-0-dev
Checking for package fort77
Checking for package libsdl1.2-dev
Checking for package python-wxgtk2.8
Failed to find package 'python-wxgtk2.8' in known package repositories
SOME THINGS MAY NOT BUILD AS A RESULT
Checking for package git-core
Checking for package libqt4-dev
Checking for package python-numpy
Checking for package ccache
Checking for package python-opengl
Checking for package libgsl0-dev
Checking for package python-cheetah
Checking for package python-mako
Checking for package python-lxml
Checking for package doxygen
Checking for package qt4-default
Checking for package qt4-dev-tools
Checking for package libusb-1.0-0-dev
Checking for package libqwt5-qt4-dev
Checking for package libqwtplot3d-qt4-dev
Checking for package pyqt4-dev-tools
Checking for package python-qwt5-qt4
Checking for package cmake
Checking for package git-core
Checking for package wget
Checking for package libxi-dev
Checking for package python-docutils
Checking for package gtk2-engines-pixbuf
Checking for package r-base-dev
Checking for package python-tk
Checking for package liborc-0.4-0
Checking for package liborc-0.4-dev
Checking for package libasound2-dev
Checking for package python-gtk2
Checking for package libzmq
Checking for package libzmq-dev
Checking for package libzmq1
Checking for package libzmq1-dev
Failed to find package 'libzmq1-dev' in known package repositories
SOME THINGS MAY NOT BUILD AS A RESULT
Checking for package python-requests
Checking for package python-sphinx
Checking for package comedi-dev
Checking for package python-zmq
Checking for package libncurses5
Checking for package libncurses5-dev
Checking for package python-wxgtk3.0
Done checking packages
Checking for library libusb ...Found library libusb
Checking for library libboost ...Found library libboost
Checking for library libcppunit ...Found library libcppunit
Checking for library libfftw ...Found library libfftw
Checking for library libgsl ...Found library libgsl
Done
This script will fetch Gnu Radio version 3.7/maint from the repositories, along with compatible
extras.
Is this OK?y
Fetching various packages (Gnu Radio, UHD, gr-osmosdr, gr-iqbal, etc)
via the Internet
=======> THIS MAY TAKE QUITE SOME TIME <=========
Fetching Gnu Radio via GIT...Done
Fetching UHD via GIT...Fetching rtl-sdr (rtl-sdr, gr-osmosdr, gr-iqbal, hackrf, bladeRF and airspy) via GIT
Done
Starting function uhd_build at: Sun Oct 9 22:19:20 CST 2016
Building UHD...
=============> THIS WILL TAKE SOME TIME <=============

Done building/installing UHD
Done function uhd_build at: Sun Oct 9 22:41:51 CST 2016
Starting function firmware at: Sun Oct 9 22:41:51 CST 2016
Images destination:      /usr/local/share/uhd/images
Downloading images from: http://files.ettus.com/binaries/images/uhd-images_003.010.000.000-36-g967897e0.zip
Downloading images to:   /tmp/tmpIPdGH_/uhd-images_003.010.000.000-36-g967897e0.zip
59860 kB / 59860 kB (100%)

Images successfully installed to: /usr/local/share/uhd/images
Done function firmware at: Sun Oct 9 22:42:33 CST 2016
Starting function gnuradio_build at: Sun Oct 9 22:42:33 CST 2016
/usr/local/lib already in ld.so.conf.d
Doing ldconfig...
Building Gnu Radio...
=========> THIS WILL TAKE QUITE A WHILE <=============

...Doing cmake
...Cmaking
...Building

...Installing
Done building and installing Gnu Radio
GRC freedesktop icons install ...Done
Done function gnuradio_build at: Mon Oct 10 00:03:17 CST 2016
Starting function rtl_build at: Mon Oct 10 00:03:17 CST 2016
Building rtl-sdr...Done building rtl-sdr
Building hackrf...Done building hackrf
Building gr-iqbal...Done building gr-iqbal
Building bladeRF...Done building bladeRF
Done building airspy
Building gr-osmosdr...Done building gr-osmosdr
Done building/installing rtl-sdr/gr-osmosdr
Done function rtl_build at: Mon Oct 10 00:06:15 CST 2016
Starting function mod_groups at: Mon Oct 10 00:06:15 CST 2016
********************************************************************************
This script has just modified /etc/group to place your userid '('$USER')' into group 'usrp'
In order for this change to take effect, you will need to log-out and log back
in again.  You will not be able to access your USRP1 device until you do this.

If you wish to allow others on your system to use the USRP1 device, you will need to use:

  sudo usermod -a -G usrp userid

For each userid you wish to allow access to the usrp

********************************************************************************

Further 
Done function mod_groups at: Mon Oct 10 00:06:16 CST 2016
Starting function mod_udev at: Mon Oct 10 00:06:16 CST 2016
udevd: no process found
Done function mod_udev at: Mon Oct 10 00:06:16 CST 2016
Starting function mod_sysctl at: Mon Oct 10 00:06:16 CST 2016
Applying updates to /etc/sysctl.conf
Group 'usrp' now has real-time scheduling privileges
You will need to log-out and back in again for this to
take effect
Done function mod_sysctl at: Mon Oct 10 00:06:16 CST 2016
Starting function pythonpath at: Mon Oct 10 00:06:16 CST 2016


************************************************************
You should probably set your PYTHONPATH to:

     /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

Using:

export PYTHONPATH=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages

in your .bashrc or equivalent file prior to attempting to run
any Gnu Radio applications or Gnu Radio Companion.
*************************************************************
Done function pythonpath at: Mon Oct 10 00:06:16 CST 2016
Starting function extras at: Mon Oct 10 00:06:16 CST 2016
Done function extras at: Mon Oct 10 00:06:16 CST 2016
Done all functions at: Mon Oct 10 00:06:16 CST 2016
All Done

=======================================================================
If you have found this script useful and time-saving, consider a 
donation to help me keep build-gnuradio, simple_ra, SIDsuite,
meteor_detector, simple_fm_rcv, and multimode maintained and up to date.
A simple paypal transfer to [email protected] is all you need to do.
======================================================================
Send success/fail info to sbrac.org?n
px@px-ThinkPad-T450:~/Desktop/build-gnuradio$