Netty最佳实践之数据通信

使用Netty进行两台或者多台服务器之间的数据通信,大体有以下三种情况:

  1. 使用长连接通道不断开的方式进行通信。也就是服务器和客户端的通道不断开,一直处于开启状态,如果服务器的性能足够好,并且我们的客户端数量足够少的情况下,推荐这种方式。
  2. 一次性批量提交数据,推荐采用短连接方式。即我们可以把数据保存在本地临时缓冲区或者临时表中,当到达一定临界值的时候一次性批量提交,或者是根据定时任务轮询提交,这种方式的弊端是做不到实时性,在对实时性要求不高的应用程序中推荐使用。
  3. 我们可以使用一种特殊的长连接,在指定的一段时间内,服务器与某台客户端么有进行任何通信,则断开连接。下次客户端向服务器端发送请求时再次建立连接,这种模式需要考虑两种因素:

3.1 如何在服务器端和客户端在一定时间超时后关闭通道?关闭通道后如何再建立连接?

答:可以使用Netty的ReadTimeoutHandler,在一定时间内没读取到数据则断开连接;再次建立连接直接发起请求即可。

3.2 客户端宕机时我们无需考虑,下次客户端重启后就可以与服务器建立连接;但是服务器宕机后,我们客户端如何与服务端建立连接?答案无非是隔一段时间轮询建立连接。


以下是设置连接的超时处理,在规定时间内无数据传输则断开,在断开连接后重新建立连接:

server:

public class Server {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        EventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(pGroup, cGroup)
             .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
             .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
             // 设置日志
             .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
             .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                    // Marshalling的编解码器
                    sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingDecoder());
                    sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingEncoder());
                    // 设置无数据读取的超时处理器
                    sc.pipeline().addLast(new ReadTimeoutHandler(5)); 
                    // 自定义处理器
                    sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
                }
            });

            ChannelFuture cf = b.bind(8765).sync();

            cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        }finally{
            pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            cGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

serverhandler

public class ServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        Request request = (Request)msg;
        System.out.println("Server : " + request.getId() + ", " + request.getName() + ", " + request.getRequestMessage());
        Response response = new Response();
        response.setId(request.getId());
        response.setName("response" + request.getId());
        response.setResponseMessage("响应内容" + request.getId());
        ctx.writeAndFlush(response);//.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }
}

client:

public class Client {

    private static class SingletonHolder {
        static final Client instance = new Client();
    }

    public static Client getInstance(){
        return SingletonHolder.instance;
    }

    private EventLoopGroup group;
    private Bootstrap b;
    private ChannelFuture cf ;

    private Client(){
        group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        b = new Bootstrap();
        b.group(group)
         .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
         .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
         .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
                    sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingDecoder());
                    sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingEncoder());
                    // 超时handler(当服务器端与客户端在指定时间以上没有任何进行通信,则会关闭响应的通道,主要为减小服务端资源占用)
                    sc.pipeline().addLast(new ReadTimeoutHandler(5)); 
                    sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
                }
        });
    }

    public void connect(){
        try {
            this.cf = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8765).sync();
            System.out.println("远程服务器已经连接, 可以进行数据交换..");                
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public ChannelFuture getChannelFuture(){

        if(this.cf == null){
            this.connect();
        }
        if(!this.cf.channel().isActive()){
            this.connect();
        }

        return this.cf;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        final Client c = Client.getInstance();

        ChannelFuture cf = c.getChannelFuture();
        for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++ ){
            Request request = new Request();
            request.setId("" + i);
            request.setName("pro" + i);
            request.setRequestMessage("数据信息" + i);
            cf.channel().writeAndFlush(request);
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
        }

        cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    System.out.println("进入子线程...");
                    ChannelFuture cf = c.getChannelFuture();
                    System.out.println(cf.channel().isActive());
                    System.out.println(cf.channel().isOpen());

                    //再次发送数据
                    Request request = new Request();
                    request.setId("" + 4);
                    request.setName("pro" + 4);
                    request.setRequestMessage("数据信息" + 4);
                    cf.channel().writeAndFlush(request);                    
                    cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                    System.out.println("子线程结束.");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();

        System.out.println("断开连接,主线程结束..");
    }
}

clienthandler

public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        try {
            Response resp = (Response)msg;
            System.out.println("Client : " + resp.getId() + ", " + resp.getName() + ", " + resp.getResponseMessage());          
        } finally {
            ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }

}

流程分析:

客户端每隔4s钟向服务器端发数据:

ChannelFuture cf = c.getChannelFuture();

for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++ ){
    Request request = new Request();
    request.setId("" + i);
    request.setName("pro" + i);
    request.setRequestMessage("数据信息" + i);
    cf.channel().writeAndFlush(request);
    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
}

cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();

那么当发完三次数据后,将会断开和服务器端的连接,看打印:

Client打印:

远程服务器已经连接, 可以进行数据交换..
Client : 1, response1, 响应内容1
Client : 2, response2, 响应内容2
Client : 3, response3, 响应内容3
断开连接,主线程结束..

Server打印:

[01:07:14] nioEventLoopGroup-0-0 INFO  [] [] [io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler] - [id: 0xa1a7160d] REGISTERED
[01:07:14] nioEventLoopGroup-0-0 INFO  [] [] [io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler] - [id: 0xa1a7160d] BIND: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8765
[01:07:14] nioEventLoopGroup-0-0 INFO  [] [] [io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler] - [id: 0xa1a7160d, /0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:8765] ACTIVE
[01:07:21] nioEventLoopGroup-0-1 INFO  [] [] [io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler] - [id: 0xa1a7160d, /0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:8765] RECEIVED: [id: 0x076dc15e, /127.0.0.1:61655 => /127.0.0.1:8765]
Server : 1, pro1, 数据信息1
Server : 2, pro2, 数据信息2
Server : 3, pro3, 数据信息3

为了让客户端断开后可以重新连接上,添加以下代码:

new Thread(new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            System.out.println("进入子线程...");
            ChannelFuture cf = c.getChannelFuture();
            System.out.println(cf.channel().isActive());
            System.out.println(cf.channel().isOpen());

            // 再次发送数据
            Request request = new Request();
            request.setId("" + 4);
            request.setName("pro" + 4);
            request.setRequestMessage("数据信息" + 4);
            cf.channel().writeAndFlush(request);                    
            cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            System.out.println("子线程结束.");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}).start();

开启一个线程重新获取channelFuture:

public ChannelFuture getChannelFuture(){

    if(this.cf == null){
        this.connect();
    }
    if(!this.cf.channel().isActive()){
        this.connect();
    }

    return this.cf;
}

于是客户端继续向服务器发送第四次数据:
这里写图片描述
服务端:
这里写图片描述

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转载自blog.csdn.net/Code_shadow/article/details/81810643
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