网络编程之每天学习一点点[day11]-----netty最佳实践之数据通信

使用Netty进行两台或者多台服务器之间的数据通信,大体有以下三种情况:

1 使用长连接通道不断开的方式进行通信。也就是服务器和客户端的通道不断开,一直处于开启状态,如果服务器的性能足够好,并且我们的客户端数量足够少的情况下,推荐这种方式。

2 一次性批量提交数据,推荐采用短连接方式。即我们可以把数据保存在本地临时缓冲区或者临时表中,当到达一定临界值的时候一次性批量提交,或者是根据定时任务轮询提交,这种方式的弊端是做不到实时性,在对实时性要求不高的应用程序中推荐使用。

3 我们可以使用一种特殊的长连接,在指定的一段时间内,服务器与某台客户端么有进行任何通信,则断开连接。下次客户端向服务器端发送请求时再次建立连接,这种模式需要考虑两种因素:

3.1 如何在服务器端和客户端在一定时间超时后关闭通道?关闭通道后如何再建立连接?

答:可以使用netty的ReadTimeoutHandler,在一定时间内没读取到数据则断开连接;再次建立连接直接发起请求即可。

3.2 客户端宕机时我们无需考虑,下次客户端重启后就可以与服务器建立连接;但是服务器宕机后,我们客户端如何与服务端建立连接?答案无非是隔一段事件轮询建立连接。


我们下边来实现一段时间内没收到数据断开连接+断开后再次连接

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutHandler;

public class Server {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		
		EventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		EventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		
		ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
		b.group(pGroup, cGroup)
		 .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
		 .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
		 //设置日志
		 .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
		 .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
			protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
				sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingDecoder());
				sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingEncoder());
				sc.pipeline().addLast(new ReadTimeoutHandler(5)); 
				sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
			}
		});
		
		ChannelFuture cf = b.bind(8765).sync();
		
		cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
		pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
		cGroup.shutdownGracefully();
		
	}
}

server端代码添加了一个

io. netty. handler. timeout.ReadTimeoutHandler

参数为未读取到数据的超时时间。

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ServerHandler

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

public class ServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{

	@Override
	public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

	}

	@Override
	public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
		Request request = (Request)msg;
		System.out.println("Server : " + request.getId() + ", " + request.getName() + ", " + request.getRequestMessage());
		Response response = new Response();
		response.setId(request.getId());
		response.setName("response" + request.getId());
		response.setResponseMessage("响应内容" + request.getId());
		ctx.writeAndFlush(response);//.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
	}

	@Override
	public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
	ctx.close();
	}
}

Client:

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutHandler;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Client {
	
	private static class SingletonHolder {
		static final Client instance = new Client();
	}
	
	public static Client getInstance(){
		return SingletonHolder.instance;
	}
	
	private EventLoopGroup group;
	private Bootstrap b;
	private ChannelFuture cf ;
	
	private Client(){
			group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
			b = new Bootstrap();
			b.group(group)
			 .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
			 .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
			 .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
					@Override
					protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
						sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingDecoder());
						sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingEncoder());
						//超时handler(当服务器端与客户端在指定时间以上没有任何进行通信,则会关闭响应的通道,主要为减小服务端资源占用)
						sc.pipeline().addLast(new ReadTimeoutHandler(5)); 
						sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
					}
		    });
	}
	
	public void connect(){
		try {
			this.cf = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8765).sync();
			System.out.println("远程服务器已经连接, 可以进行数据交换..");				
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public ChannelFuture getChannelFuture(){
		
		if(this.cf == null){
			this.connect();
		}
		if(!this.cf.channel().isActive()){
			this.connect();
		}
		
		return this.cf;
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		final Client c = Client.getInstance();
		//c.connect();
		
		ChannelFuture cf = c.getChannelFuture();
		for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++ ){
			Request request = new Request();
			request.setId("" + i);
			request.setName("pro" + i);
			request.setRequestMessage("数据信息" + i);
			cf.channel().writeAndFlush(request);
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
		}

		cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
		
		
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				try {
					System.out.println("进入子线程...");
					ChannelFuture cf = c.getChannelFuture();
					System.out.println(cf.channel().isActive());
					System.out.println(cf.channel().isOpen());
					
					//再次发送数据
					Request request = new Request();
					request.setId("" + 4);
					request.setName("pro" + 4);
					request.setRequestMessage("数据信息" + 4);
					cf.channel().writeAndFlush(request);					
					cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
					System.out.println("子线程结束.");
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}).start();
		
		System.out.println("断开连接,主线程结束..");
		
	}
	
}

客户端同样添加了ReadTimeoutHandler,在一定时间内没收到服务器端的数据则断开和服务器的连接

ClientHandler

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;

public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{
	
	@Override
	public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

	}

	@Override
	public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
		try {
			Response resp = (Response)msg;
			System.out.println("Client : " + resp.getId() + ", " + resp.getName() + ", " + resp.getResponseMessage());			
		} finally {
			ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		
	}

	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
		ctx.close();
	}
	
}


流程分析:

客户端每隔4s钟向服务器端发数据:

	ChannelFuture cf = c.getChannelFuture();
		for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++ ){
			Request request = new Request();
			request.setId("" + i);
			request.setName("pro" + i);
			request.setRequestMessage("数据信息" + i);
			cf.channel().writeAndFlush(request);
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
		}

		cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();

那么当发完三次数据后,将会断开和服务器端的连接,看打印:

Client打印:

远程服务器已经连接, 可以进行数据交换..
Client : 1, response1, 响应内容1
Client : 2, response2, 响应内容2
Client : 3, response3, 响应内容3
断开连接,主线程结束..

Server打印:

[01:07:14] nioEventLoopGroup-0-0 INFO  [] [] [io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler] - [id: 0xa1a7160d] REGISTERED
[01:07:14] nioEventLoopGroup-0-0 INFO  [] [] [io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler] - [id: 0xa1a7160d] BIND: 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8765
[01:07:14] nioEventLoopGroup-0-0 INFO  [] [] [io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler] - [id: 0xa1a7160d, /0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:8765] ACTIVE
[01:07:21] nioEventLoopGroup-0-1 INFO  [] [] [io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler] - [id: 0xa1a7160d, /0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:8765] RECEIVED: [id: 0x076dc15e, /127.0.0.1:61655 => /127.0.0.1:8765]
Server : 1, pro1, 数据信息1
Server : 2, pro2, 数据信息2
Server : 3, pro3, 数据信息3

为了让客户端断开后可以重新连接上,添加以下代码:

		
		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				try {
					System.out.println("进入子线程...");
					ChannelFuture cf = c.getChannelFuture();
					System.out.println(cf.channel().isActive());
					System.out.println(cf.channel().isOpen());
					
					//再次发送数据
					Request request = new Request();
					request.setId("" + 4);
					request.setName("pro" + 4);
					request.setRequestMessage("数据信息" + 4);
					cf.channel().writeAndFlush(request);					
					cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
					System.out.println("子线程结束.");
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}).start();

开启一个线程重新获取channelFuture:

	public ChannelFuture getChannelFuture(){
		
		if(this.cf == null){
			this.connect();
		}
		if(!this.cf.channel().isActive()){
			this.connect();
		}
		
		return this.cf;
	}

于是客户端继续向服务器发送第四次数据:


Server




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转载自blog.csdn.net/shengqianfeng/article/details/80809413
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