##1.本地存储设备的识别##
fdisk -l ##查看系统中真实存在的设备
cat /proc/partitions ##查看系统中系统识别的设备
blkid ##系统可使用的设备（有id信息的设备）
df ##系统正在挂载的设备
##2.设备的挂载和卸载##
1.设备名称
/dev/sr0 ##光驱
/dev/mapper/* ##系统中的虚拟设备
2.设备的挂载
mount 设备 挂载点
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt ##挂载sdb1到mnt
umount /mnt 或/dev/sdb1 ##卸载
mount -o ro /dev/sdb1 /mnt ##只读挂载
mount ##查看挂载信息
mount -o remount,rw /dev/sdb1 或 /mnt ##重新读写挂载
3.解决设备正忙情况
问题:
[root@foundation24 ~]# umount /mnt
umount: /mnt: target is busy.
(In some cases useful info about processes that use
the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))
解决方法一：
lsof /mnt
umount /mnt
[root@foundation24 ~]# lsof /mnt
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
bash 9341 root cwd DIR 8,1 4096 192 /mnt
[root@foundation24 ~]# kill -9 9341
[root@foundation24 ~]# umount /mnt
解决方法二：
fuesr -kvm /mnt
umount /mnt
446个字节的mbr引导磁头到系统启动分区
mpt分区表：记录分区信息
##3.磁盘分区##
1.硬盘0磁道1扇区的512个字节中记录的信息如下：
512 =446 + 64 + 2
^ ^ ^
mbr(主引导记录) mpt(主分区表) 55aa（硬盘的有效性标识）
(1.mbr主引导记录446个字节
(2.mtp主分区表64个字节
(3.硬盘的有效性标示“55aa”占用2字节
(4.一个主分区占用16个字节记录分区信息
(5.一块硬盘上如果用mbr的分区方式最多可以存在4个主分区
(6.主分区 主分区表记录主分区
(7.拓展分区 主分区表记录拓展分区
(8.逻辑分区 拓展分区记录逻辑分区
2.硬盘主分区表
64
1个分区占用16个字节
1个硬盘上最多可以划分4个主分区
mbr分区方式：大小不能超过2T
P：主分区，真实存在
E：扩展分区，里面建立逻辑分区。是一个容器
L：逻辑分区
3.分区步骤
1.fdisk -l
2.fdisk /dev/vdb
wq保存
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition 删除
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition ##新建
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table ##显示分区信息
q quit without saving changes ##退出
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id ##修改分区id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit ##保存分区表信息到硬盘
x extra functionality (experts only)
建立主分区
Command (m for help): n ##新建
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p ##主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): ##id用默认
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): ##分区起始
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +500M ##分区大小
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p ##显示信息
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6df442a8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
每次分区之后必须要同步分区表
##当系统有三个主分区时：
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free) ##3个主分区出现要先划分扩展分区
e extended
Select (default e): e
Selected partition 4
First sector (3074048-20971519, default 3074048):
Using default value 3074048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (3074048-20971519, default 20971519):
Using default value 20971519
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 8.5 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x8a543314
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2 1026048 2050047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/vdb3 2050048 3074047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/vdb4 3074048 20971519 8948736 5 Extended ##把所有空间都给E
