Netty教程(从没听过到入门 -- 服务器端详解)

本文仅适用与Netty4.0.32版本

Netty服务器启动流程:

1、创建线程池

创建处理连接的线程池:bossGroup
创建处理所有事件的线程池:workerGroup

    EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
    EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

 

2、设定辅助启动类。ServerBootStrap
传入1中开辟的线程池
指定连接该服务器的channel类型
指定需要执行的childHandler
设置部分参数,如AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator缓存大小
.Option用于设置bossGroup相关参数
.childOption用于设置workerGroup相关参数


2.5、此处可处理一个问题:超长字符串在服务端handler无法被一次接收完
可通过此句进行设置:.childOption(ChannelOption.RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR, new AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator(64, MAX_LENGTH_OF_MSG, 65536))

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    ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
    serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//设置channel类型
    .childOption(ChannelOption.RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR, new AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator(64, MAX_LENGTH_OF_MSG, 65536))
    .childHandler(new childChannelHandler());//选择执行handler
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此处的MAX_LENGTH_OF_MSG必须为2的次幂,不然肯定不会是你设置的那个值,具体会变成什么,源码还没看,等看了再补充...

 

2.75、构建Handler处理流程

  样例如下:

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public class childChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
            //TODO 添加各种功能handler 消息加解密,消息规范检测,构建返回码
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new NettyServerHandler());
        }
    }
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  当要添加多个handler时,就必须注意添加的顺序。

  这里的handler分为两种类型:

    一种继承ChannelInboundHandler,用于处理来自客户端的消息,比如对客户端的消息进行解码,读取等等。该类型在pipeline中的执行顺序与添加顺序一致。

    一种继承ChannelOutboundHandler,用于处理即将发往客户端的消息,比如对该消息进行编辑,编码等等。该类型在pipeline中的执行顺序与添加顺序相反。

  而且ChannelOutboundHandler的所有handler,放在ChannelInboundHandler下面是执行不到的。

比如:

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public class childChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{
        @Override
        public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new OutboundHandler1());  //handler1
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new OutboundHandler2());  //handler2
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new InboundHandler1());   //handler3
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new InboundHandler2());   //handler4
        }
    }
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  以上4个handler的实际执行顺序分别为handler3 -> handler4 -> handler2 ->handler1

  如果在handler4下方加上OutboundHandler3,那么这个handler是不会被执行到的。

 


3、同步等待绑定指定端口
此处可多次执行bind语句绑定多个端口

    ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8080).sync();
    channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8081).sync();
    ...    

 

4、同步等待服务器关闭信息

  channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();

 

5、最后关闭此前开辟的两个线程池

  bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
  workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();

 

 

最后整段服务器代码如下:

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package Netty;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator;


public class NettyServer {
    public void startServerInPort(int port) throws Exception{
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try{
            //设置启动辅助类
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
            .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//设置channel类型
            .childOption(ChannelOption.RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR, new AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator(64, 2048, 65536))
            .childHandler(new childChannelHandler());//选择执行handler
            
            //阻塞等待服务器完全启动
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();
            
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        }finally{
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
    public class childChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
            //TODO 添加各种功能handler 消息加解密,消息规范检测,构建返回码
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new NettyServerHandler());
        }
    }
}
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 客户端的这部分代码和服务器端差不多,就不另开一文啰嗦了。之间贴代码:

 

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import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

public class NettyClient {
    
    public void sendMsgToServer() throws Exception{
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try{
            //设置辅助启动类信息
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(group)
            .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)//选择channel类型
            .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
            .handler(new childChannelHandler());
            
            //阻塞等待成功连接服务器
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect(localhost,8000).sync();
            
            //阻塞等待来自服务器的处理结果
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        }finally{
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
    
    private class childChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
            //TODO 添加其他功能处理Handler,如消息加解密
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new NettyClientHandler());
        }
    }

}
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转载自blog.csdn.net/sou_time/article/details/72819029
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