learnOpenGL-变换

企业开发 2023-09-30 04:05:48 阅读次数: 0 
#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "shader.h"
#include "stb_image.h"
#include <glm.hpp>
#include <gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

GLfloat vertices[] = {
    
    
//     ---- 位置 ----       ---- 颜色 ----     - 纹理坐标 -
	0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f,   // 右上
	0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f,   // 右下
	-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f,   // 左下
	-0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f    // 左上
};

GLuint indices[] = {
    
    
	0, 1, 3,
	1, 2, 3
};

GLfloat mixAlpha = 0.2;

void processInput(GLFWwindow* window) {
    
    
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_UP) == GLFW_PRESS) {
    
    
		mixAlpha += 0.1;
		if (mixAlpha > 1.0) mixAlpha = 1.0;
	}
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_DOWN) == GLFW_PRESS)
		mixAlpha -= 0.1;
		if (mixAlpha < 0.0) mixAlpha = 0.0;
}

int main()
{
    
    
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);

	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "test", nullptr, nullptr);
	if (window == nullptr)
	{
    
    
		std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

	glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
	if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
	{
    
    
		std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLEW" << std::endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}

	glViewport(0, 0, 800, 600);

	GLuint VAO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);

	GLuint VBO;
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	GLuint EBO;
	glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
	glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(6 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);

	glBindVertexArray(0);

	GLuint texture;
	glGenTextures(1, &texture);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);

	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

	int width, height;
	unsigned char* image = stbi_load("container.jpg", &width, &height, 0, 0);

	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);

	glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

	stbi_image_free(image);

	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);

	GLuint texture1;
	glGenTextures(1, &texture1);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1); 
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_MIRRORED_REPEAT);

	int width1, height1;
	unsigned char* image1 = stbi_load("awesomeface.png", &width1, &height1, 0, 0);
	if (image1) {
    
    
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width1, height1, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image1);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else {
    
    
		std::cout << "Failed to load texture" << std::endl;
	}
	stbi_image_free(image1);
	

	Shader* testShader = new Shader("test.vert", "test.frag");

	//glm::vec4 vec(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); //定义一个向量
	//glm::mat4 trans; //定义一个矩阵，默认为单位矩阵，0.9.9以后的默认矩阵是零矩阵
	//trans = glm::translate(trans, glm::vec3(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)); //创建变换矩阵，传递单位矩阵和位移向量
	//vec = trans * vec;
	//std::cout << vec.x << vec.y << vec.z << std::endl;

	//glm::mat4 trans;
	glm::radians(90.0f) 将角度转为弧度
	//trans = glm::rotate(trans, glm::radians(90.0f), glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)); //沿z轴旋转90度
	//trans = glm::scale(trans, glm::vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)); //每个轴都缩放到0.5倍
	先缩放，再旋转，矩阵乘法从右向左读

	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
    
    
		processInput(window);
		glfwPollEvents();

		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

		testShader->Use();
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); 
		glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(testShader->getProgram(), "ourTexture"), 0); 

		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
		glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(testShader->getProgram(), "ourTexture1"), 1);

		glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(testShader->getProgram(), "mixAlpha"), mixAlpha);

		glm::mat4 trans;
		trans = glm::translate(trans, glm::vec3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f));
		trans = glm::rotate(trans, (GLfloat)glfwGetTime() * glm::radians(50.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));

		glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(testShader->getProgram(), "transform"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(trans));
		//参数：1.uniform地址，2.要传递的矩阵个数，3.是否要转置矩阵(交换行列)，4.矩阵数据的指针

		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);

		glBindVertexArray(0);

		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
	}


	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

顶点着色器

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position; // position变量的属性位置值为0
layout (location = 1) in vec3 color; // color变量的属性位置值为1
layout (location = 2) in vec2 textCoord; // textCoord变量的属性位置值为2

out vec4 vertexColor; // 为片段着色器指定一个颜色输出
out vec2 TextCoord;

uniform mat4 transform;

void main() //每个着色器的入口点都是main函数
{
    
    
    gl_Position = transform * vec4(position, 1.0);
    
    vertexColor = vec4(color, 1.0f);

    TextCoord = vec2(textCoord.x, 1.0-textCoord.y);
}

片段着色器

#version 330 core
in vec4 vertexColor; // 从顶点着色器传来的输入变量（名称相同、类型相同）
in vec2 TextCoord;

out vec4 color; // 片段着色器输出的变量名可以任意命名，类型必须是vec4

uniform sampler2D ourTexture;
//uniform采样器，不用glUniform赋值。使用glUniform1i，给纹理采样器分配一个位置值，在一个FS中设置多个纹理。
//一个纹理位置值称为一个纹理单元。默认激活的为0。
//纹理单元使着色器可以使用多个纹理。赋值一个纹理单元到采样器，可以绑定多个纹理。
uniform sampler2D ourTexture1;

void main()
{
    
    
    //FragColor = texture(texture1, texcoord);
    color = mix(texture(ourTexture, TextCoord), texture(ourTexture1, TextCoord), 0.2);
    //输出两个纹理的结合。根据第三个参数进行线性插值，0则返回第一个输入，1则返回第二个
}

练习一：

#define GLEW_STATIC
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "shader.h"
#include "stb_image.h"
#include <glm.hpp>
#include <gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

GLfloat vertices[] = {
    
    
//     ---- 位置 ----       ---- 颜色 ----     - 纹理坐标 -
	0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f,   // 右上
	0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f,   // 右下
	-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f,   // 左下
	-0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f    // 左上
};

GLuint indices[] = {
    
    
	0, 1, 3,
	1, 2, 3
};

GLfloat mixAlpha = 0.2;

void processInput(GLFWwindow* window) {
    
    
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
		glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_UP) == GLFW_PRESS) {
    
    
		mixAlpha += 0.1;
		if (mixAlpha > 1.0) mixAlpha = 1.0;
	}
	if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_DOWN) == GLFW_PRESS)
		mixAlpha -= 0.1;
		if (mixAlpha < 0.0) mixAlpha = 0.0;
}

int main()
{
    
    
	glfwInit();
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);

	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

	GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "test", nullptr, nullptr);
	if (window == nullptr)
	{
    
    
		std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

	glewExperimental = GL_TRUE;
	if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
	{
    
    
		std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLEW" << std::endl;
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}

	glViewport(0, 0, 800, 600);

	GLuint VAO;
	glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
	glBindVertexArray(VAO);

	GLuint VBO;
	glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	GLuint EBO;
	glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
	glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
	glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(6 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);

	glBindVertexArray(0);

	GLuint texture;
	glGenTextures(1, &texture);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);

	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);

	int width, height;
	unsigned char* image = stbi_load("container.jpg", &width, &height, 0, 0);

	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);

	glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

	stbi_image_free(image);

	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);

	GLuint texture1;
	glGenTextures(1, &texture1);
	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1); 
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_MIRRORED_REPEAT);

	int width1, height1;
	unsigned char* image1 = stbi_load("awesomeface.png", &width1, &height1, 0, 0);
	if (image1) {
    
    
		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width1, height1, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image1);
		glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
	}
	else {
    
    
		std::cout << "Failed to load texture" << std::endl;
	}
	stbi_image_free(image1);
	

	Shader* testShader = new Shader("test.vert", "test.frag");

	//glm::vec4 vec(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); //定义一个向量
	//glm::mat4 trans; //定义一个矩阵，默认为单位矩阵，0.9.9以后的默认矩阵是零矩阵
	//trans = glm::translate(trans, glm::vec3(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)); //创建变换矩阵，传递单位矩阵和位移向量
	//vec = trans * vec;
	//std::cout << vec.x << vec.y << vec.z << std::endl;

	//glm::mat4 trans;
	glm::radians(90.0f) 将角度转为弧度
	//trans = glm::rotate(trans, glm::radians(90.0f), glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)); //沿z轴旋转90度
	//trans = glm::scale(trans, glm::vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5)); //每个轴都缩放到0.5倍
	先缩放，再旋转，矩阵乘法从右向左读

	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
    
    
		processInput(window);
		glfwPollEvents();

		glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

		testShader->Use();
		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); 
		glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(testShader->getProgram(), "ourTexture"), 0); 

		glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
		glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(testShader->getProgram(), "ourTexture1"), 1);

		glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(testShader->getProgram(), "mixAlpha"), mixAlpha);

		glm::mat4 trans;
		trans = glm::translate(trans, glm::vec3(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f));
		trans = glm::rotate(trans, (GLfloat)glfwGetTime() * glm::radians(50.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));

		glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(testShader->getProgram(), "transform"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(trans));
		//参数：1.uniform地址，2.要传递的矩阵个数，3.是否要转置矩阵(交换行列)，4.矩阵数据的指针

		glBindVertexArray(VAO);
		glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);

		glm::mat4 trans1;
		trans1 = glm::translate(trans1, glm::vec3(-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f));
		trans1 = glm::scale(trans1, glm::vec3(sin(glfwGetTime()), sin(glfwGetTime()), sin(glfwGetTime())));
		glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(testShader->getProgram(), "transform"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(trans1));
		glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);

		glBindVertexArray(0);

		glfwSwapBuffers(window);
	}


	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

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