1.Alien.py代码
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
"""表示单个外星人的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
"""初始化外星人并设置其起始置"""
super(Alien,self).__init__()
self.screen=screen
self.ai_settings=ai_settings
#加载外得人图像，并设置其rect属性
self.image=pygame.image.load('alien.bmp')
self.rect=self.image.get_rect()
#每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
self.rect.x=self.rect.width
self.rect.y=self.rect.height
#存储外得人的准确位置
self.x=float(self.rect.x)
def blitme(self):
"""在指定位置绘制外星人"""
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def update(self):
"""向左或向右移动外星人"""
#self.x+=self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor
self.x+=(self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor*
self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
self.rect.x=self.x
def check_edges(self):
"""如果外星人位于屏幕连缘，就返回True"""
screen_rect=self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right>=screen_rect.right:
return True
elif self.rect.left<=0:
return True
2.alien_invasion.py代码：
import sys
import pygame
from Settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from ship import Ship
from Alien import Alien
import game_functions as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
def run_game():
#初始化背景设置
pygame.init()
ai_settings=Settings()#全局设置
screen=pygame.display.set_mode(#创建screen显示窗口
(ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))
screen=pygame.display.set_mode((1200,800))
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")#标题
#新建play按钮
play_button=Button(ai_settings,screen,"Play")
#创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例，并创建记分牌
stats=GameStats(ai_settings)
sb=Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)
#创建一艘飞船
ship=Ship(ai_settings,screen)
#设置背景色
#bg_color=(230,230,230)
bullets=Group()
#开始游戏的主循环
#创建一个外星人
aliens=Group()
#创建外星人群
gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
while True:#开始游戏主循环
#监视键盘和鼠标事件
gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)
if stats.game_active:#移动飞船
gf.update_ship(ship)
#更新子弹位置
gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
#更新外星人
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
#更新屏幕
gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)
"""#bullets.update()
gf.update_bullets(aliens,bullets)
gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,aliens)
gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
#删除已消失的子弹
for bullet in bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom<=0:
bullets.remove(bullet)
print(len(bullets))
gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens,bullets)
#监视键盘和鼠标事件
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
#每次循环时都重绘屏幕
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
ship.blitme()
#让最近绘制的屏幕可见
pygame.display.flip()"""
run_game()
3.bullet.py 代码：
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
import time
class Bullet(Sprite):
"""一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):
"""在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象"""
super(Bullet,self).__init__()
self.screen=screen
#在（0，0）处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置
self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,
ai_settings.bullet_height)
self.rect.centerx=ship.rect.centerx
self.rect.top=ship.rect.top
#存储用小数表示的子弹位置
self.top=float(self.rect.top)
self.color=ai_settings.bullet_color
self.speed_factor=ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
def update(self):
"""向上移动子弹"""
#更新表示子弹位置的小数值
self.top-=self.speed_factor
#更新表示子弹的rect的位置
self.rect.top=self.top
print(self.rect.top)
def draw_bullet(self):
"""在屏幕上的绘制子弹"""
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
4.button.py代码：
import pygame.font
class Button():
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):
"""初始化按钮属性"""
self.screen=screen
self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
#设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
self.width,self.height=200,50
self.button_color=(0,255,0)
self.text_color=(255,255,255)
self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
#创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中
self.rect=pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
self.rect.center=self.screen_rect.center
#按钮的标签只需创建一次
self.prep_msg(msg)
def prep_msg(self,msg):
"""将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""
self.msg_image=self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
self.msg_image_rect=self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center=self.rect.center
def draw_button(self):
#绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本
self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
5.game_functions.py代码：
import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from Alien import Alien
from time import sleep
def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""响应按键和鼠标事件"""
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type==pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
elif event.type==pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_events(event,ship)
elif event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x,mouse_y=pygame.mouse.get_pos()
check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y)
def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x,mouse_y):
"""在玩家单击play按钮时开始游戏"""
button_clicked=play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
#重置游戏设置
ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
#隐藏光标
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
#重置游戏统计信息
stats.reset_stats()
stats.game_active=True
#重置计分牌图像
sb.prep_score()
sb.prep_high_score()
sb.prep_level()
sb.prep_ships()
#清空外星人列表和子弹列表
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
#创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
ship.center_ship()
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):
"""更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕"""
#每次循环时都重绘屏幕
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
#在飞船和外星人后面重绘所有子弹
ship.blitme()#绘制飞船
aliens.draw(screen)
#循环子弹组里面的元素，进行绘制为空时不执行
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()#绘制子弹
#显示得分
sb.show_score()
#如果游戏处于非活跃状态，应显示play按钮
if not stats.game_active:
play_button.draw_button()
pygame.display.flip()#显示最新屏幕，擦拭旧屏幕
def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
"""响应按键"""
if event.key==pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right=True
elif event.key==pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left=True
elif event.key==pygame.K_SPACE:
fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
"""if len(bullets)<ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet=Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)"""
elif event.key==pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
"""如果还没有到达限制，就发射一颗子弹"""
#创建一颗子弹，并将其加入到编组bullets中
if len(bullets)<ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
new_bullet=Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
#if len(bullets)<ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
# new_bullet=Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)
# bullets.add(new_bullet)
def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
"""响应松开"""
if event.key==pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right=False
elif event.key==pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left=False
elif event.key==pygame.K_q:
sys.exit()
def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""更新子弹的位置，并删除已消失的子弹"""
#更新子弹的位置
bullets.update()
#删除已消失的子弹
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
if bullet.rect.bottom<=0:#子弹出界删除
bullets.remove(bullet)
#检查是否有子弹击中了外星人
#如果是这样，就删除相应的子弹和外星人
check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""响应外星人和子弹的碰撞"""
#删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人
collisions=pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)
if collisions:
for aliens in collisions.values():
stats.score+=ai_settings.alien_points*len(aliens)
check_high_score(stats,sb)
if len(aliens)==0:
#删除现有的子弹并新建一群外星人，加快游戏进度节奏
bullets.empty()
ai_settings.increase_speed()
#提高等级
stats.level+=1
sb.prep_level()
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
def update_ship(ship):
ship.update()
def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
#创建一个子弹对象加入到子弹组
if len(bullets)<ai_settings.bullets_allowed:#子弹少于允许值时再生成
new_bullet=Bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):
"""创建外星人群"""
#创建一个外星人，并计算一行可容纳多少个外星人
alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)
#alien_width=alien.rect.width
#available_space_x=ai_settings.screen_width-2*alien_width
#number_aliens_x=int(available_space_x/(2*alien_width))
number_aliens_x=get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
number_rows=get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
#创建第一行外星人
#for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
#alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)
#alien.x=alien_width+2*alien_width*alien_number
#alien.rect.x=alien.x
#aliens.add(alien)
# create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number)
#创建外星人群
for row_number in range(number_rows):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)#创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行
def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
"""计算每行可容纳多少个外星人"""
available_space_x=ai_settings.screen_width-2*alien_width
number_aliens_x=int(available_space_x/(2*alien_width))
return number_aliens_x
def create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
"""创建一个外星人并将其放在当前行"""
alien=Alien(ai_settings,screen)
alien_width=alien.rect.width
alien.x=alien_width+2*alien_width*alien_number
alien.rect.x=alien.x
alien.rect.y=alien.rect.height+2*alien.rect.height*row_number
aliens.add(alien)
def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
"""计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人"""
available_space_y=(ai_settings.screen_height-(3*alien_height)-ship_height)
number_rows=int(available_space_y/(2*alien_height))
return number_rows
def update_aliens(aliens):
"""更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
aliens.update()
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
"""有外星人到达边缘时采取相应的措施"""
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
break
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
"""将整群外星人下移，并改变它们的方向"""
for alien in aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y+=ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
ai_settings.fleet_direction*=-1
def ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""响应被外星人撞到的飞船"""
if stats.ships_left>0:
#将ship_left减1
stats.ships_left-=1
#更新记分牌
sb.prep_ships()
#清空外星人列表和子弹列表
aliens.empty()
bullets.empty()
#创建一群新的外星人,并将飞船放到屏幕低端中央
create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
ship.center_ship()
#暂停
sleep(0.5)
else:
stats.game_active=False
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""检查是否有外星人到达屏幕低端"""
screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
for alien in aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom>=screen_rect.bottom:
#像飞船被撞到一样进行处理
ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
break
def update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
"""检查是否有外星人位于屏幕连缘，并更新整群外星人的位置"""
check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
aliens.update()
#检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
ship_hit(ai_sttings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
#检查是否有外星人到达屏幕低端
check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
def check_high_score(stats,sb):
"""检查是否诞生了新的最高纪录"""
if stats.score>stats.high_score:
stats.high_score=stats.score
sb.prep_high_score()
6.game_stats.py代码:
mport pygame.ftfont
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard():
"""显示得分信息类"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):
"""初始化显示得分涉及的属性"""
self.screen=screen
self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()
self.ai_settings=ai_settings
self.stats=stats
#显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
self.text_color=(30,30,30)
self.font=pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
#准备初始化得分图像和当前最高分数
self.prep_score()
self.prep_high_score()
self.prep_level()
self.prep_ships()
def prep_score(self):
"""将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像"""
rounded_score=int(round(self.stats.score,-1))
score_str="{:,}".format(rounded_score)
self.score_image=self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#将得分放在右上角
self.score_rect=self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right=self.screen_rect.right-20
self.score_rect.top=5
def prep_high_score(self):
"""将最高得分转换为渲染图象"""
high_score=int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
high_score_str="{:,}".format(high_score)
self.high_score_image=self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#将得分放在右上角
self.score_rect=self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right=self.screen_rect.right-20
self.score_rect.top=5
def prep_high_score(self):
"""将最高得分转换为渲染图像"""
high_score=int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
high_score_str="{:,}".format(high_score)
self.high_score_image=self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#将最高分放在屏幕最中央
self.high_score_rect=self.high_score_image.get_rect()
self.high_score_rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx
self.high_score_rect.top=5
def prep_level(self):
"""将等级转换为渲染图像"""
self.level_image=self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
#将得分放在右上角
self.level_rect=self.score_image.get_rect()
self.level_rect.right=self.screen_rect.right
self.level_rect.top=self.score_rect.bottom
def prep_ships(self):
"""显示还剩下多少艘飞船"""
self.ships=Group()
for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
ship=Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)
ship.rect.x=10+ship_number*ship.rect.width
ship.rect.y=10
self.ships.add(ship)
def show_score(self):
"""显示还剩下多少艘飞船"""
self.ships=Group()
for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
ship=Ship(self.ai_settings,self.screen)
ship.rect.x=10+ship_number*ship.rect.width
ship.rect.y=10
self.ships.add(ship)
def show_score(self):
"""在屏幕上显示得分和等级"""
self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
#绘制飞船
self.ships.draw(self.screen)
8.Settings.py代码:
class Settings():
"""存储《外星人入侵》的所有设置的类"""
def __init__(self):
"""初始化游戏的设置"""
#屏幕设置
self.screen_width=1200
self.screen_height=800
self.bg_color=(230,230,230)#设置背景色灰色
#飞船设置
self.ship_limit=3
self.ship_image_path='ship.bmp'#飞船图片路径
#子弹设置
self.bullet_width=3
self.bullet_height=15
self.bullet_color=60,60,60
self.bullets_allowed=3#允许屏幕中出现子弹的数量
#外星人设置
self.fleet_drop_speed=10
#以什么样的速度加游戏节奏
self.speedup_scale=1.1
#外星人点数提高速度
self.score_scale=1.5
self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
"""初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
self.ship_speed_factor=1.5
self.bullet_speed_factor=3
self.alien_speed_factor=1
#fleet_direction为1表示向右移，为-1表示向左移
self.fleet_direction=1
#计分
self.alien_points=50
def increase_speed(self):
"""提高速度设置，外星人点数"""
self.ship_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale
self.bullet_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale
self.alien_speed_factor*=self.speedup_scale
self.alien_points=int(self.alien_points*self.score_scale)
print(self.alien_points)
9.ship.py代码：
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):
"""飞般所有信息"""
def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
"""初始化飞船，并设置其起始位置"""
super(Ship,self).__init__()
self.screen=screen
self.ai_settings=ai_settings
#加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
self.image=pygame.image.load('ship.bmp')#加载图片
self.image=pygame.transform.smoothscale(self.image,(40,60))
self.rect=self.image.get_rect()#获取图片外接矩形
self.screen_rect=screen.get_rect()#获取屏幕外接矩形
#将每艘新飞般放在屏幕底部中央
self.rect.centerx=self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom=self.screen_rect.bottom
#在飞船的属性center中存储小数值
self.center=float(self.rect.centerx)
#移动标志
self.moving_right=False
self.moving_left=False
def update(self):
#向右移动飞船
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right<self.screen_rect.right:
self.center+=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
#向左移动飞船
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left>self.screen_rect.left:
self.center-=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
#根据self.center更新rect对象
self.rect.centerx=self.center
def blitme(self):
"""在指定位置绘制般"""
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def center_ship(self):
"""让飞船在屏幕上居中"""
self.center=self.screen_rect.centerx
