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前言
qml 文件代码中少不了使用JSON对象来处理各种字符串或者Json对象，本文简单总结下JSON的常用功能
1. Json对象的生成
1.1 从字符串解析，借助函数 JSON.parse(text[, reviver])
JSON.parse(text, [reviver])
JSON.parse解析时遵循从上到下，从里到外依次解析
para1 : text 为需要解析的字符串
para2 : reviver 为可选的函数参数,回调函数，可以对JSON字符串的每一项进行操作
function test_parse()
{
var jsonStr= "{\"k1\":\"v1\",\"k2\":\"v2\",\"o2\":{\"ok1\":\"ov1\"},\"ak1\":[\"av1\",\"av2\"]}"
var json = JSON.parse(jsonStr)
console.log(json)
}
输出：qml: [object Object]
function test_parse2()
{
var jsonStr="{\"k1\":\"v1\",\"k2\":\"v2\",\"o2\":{\"ok1\":\"ov1\"},\"ak1\":[\"av1\",\"av2\"]}";
var json=JSON.parse(jsonStr,printJson);
console.log(json)
}
function printJson(k,v){
console.log("k: "+k);
console.log("v: "+v);
}
输出：qml: [object Object]
不清楚为什么没有执行 printJson ？？？
1.2 直接通过赋值的方式
function test_json()
{
var json={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"ak1":["av1","av2","aqv3"]}
console.log(json)
}
qml: [object Object]
2、Json对象的字符串化
JSON.stringify(value, [replacer], [space])
para1 ：value 需要进行转换的json对象,
para2 ：replacer 可以传入函数也可以传入数组
para3 ：space 格式化输出参数,可以为数字,也可以为其他字符.
2.1 只传入value
var json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
var jsonStr=JSON.stringify(json)
console.log(jsonStr)
//输出如下:
/*
qml: {"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
*/
2.2 replacer 使用
函数接收json子对象的key和value,返回值会对json子对象的值进行修改;返回 undefined时,会略过对应子对象的字符串化.PS 原json对象不会被修改
varvar json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
//返回 undefined 会忽略对应子对象的字符串化,PS 'return'等同于 'return undefined'
//返回其他值 会在字符串化时替换掉对应子对象的值
jsonStr=JSON.stringify(json,function(k,v){
if(k==="k2"){
//忽略对 k2子对象的字符串化
return undefined
//return //和return undefined等价
}
if(k==="ok1"){
//替换初始化的值
return "change value"
}
return v
})
console.log(jsonStr)
jsonStr=JSON.stringify(json)//原 json不会被改变
console.log(jsonStr)
//输出如下:
/*
qml: {"k1":"v1","o1":{"ok1":"change value"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
qml: {"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
*/
2.3 space 使用
本质是在每个对象前换行,并根据space填入格式化字符;为数字时,格式化字符为space指定数量的" ",其他字符时,则直接填入指定字符.
填入的格式化字符是相对于上一级而言的,相对上一级的上一级,会插入两遍格式化字符
```cpp
var json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
var jsonStr=JSON.stringify(json,null,1)
console.log("1 space:\n",jsonStr)
jsonStr=JSON.stringify(json,null,4)
console.log("4 space:\n",jsonStr)
jsonStr=JSON.stringify(json,null,'\t')
console.log("\\t:\n",jsonStr)
jsonStr=JSON.stringify(json,null,"format")
console.log("some str:\n",jsonStr)
//输出如下:
/*
qml: 1 space:
{
"k1": "v1",
"k2": "v2",
"o1": {
"ok1": "ov1"
},
"a1": [
"av1",
"av2"
]
}
qml: 4 space:
{
"k1": "v1",
"k2": "v2",
"o1": {
"ok1": "ov1"
},
"a1": [
"av1",
"av2"
]
}
qml: \t:
{
"k1": "v1",
"k2": "v2",
"o1": {
"ok1": "ov1"
},
"a1": [
"av1",
"av2"
]
}
qml: some str:
{
format"k1": "v1",
format"k2": "v2",
format"o1": {
formatformat"ok1": "ov1"
format},
format"a1": [
formatformat"av1",
formatformat"av2"
format]
}
*/
3 Json子对象的操作
3.1 访问子对象,获取子对象的值
3.1.1使用下标的方式,即使用"[]"操作符
直接在"[]"内输入子对象的key值即可,一般对象key值为字符串,数组内则为数组索引
var json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
console.log("k2 :",json["k2"]);
console.log("o1 :",json["o1"]);//直接返回 对象 {"ok1":"ov1"}
console.log("ok1 :",json["o1"]["ok1"]);
console.log("a1 :",json["a1"]);//直接返回 数组 ["av1","av2"]
console.log("av1 :",json["a1"][0]);
//输出如下:
/*
qml: k2 : v2
qml: o1 : [object Object]
qml: ok1 : ov2
qml: a1 : [av1,av2]
qml: av1 : av1
*/
3.1.2使用"."操作符访问
直接在"[]"内输入子对象的key值即可,一般对象key值为字符串,数组内则为数组索引
var json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov2"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
console.log("k2 :",json.k2);
console.log("o1 :",json.o1);//直接返回 对象 {"ok1":"ov1"}
console.log("ok1 :",json.o1.ok1);
console.log("a1 :",json.a1);//直接返回 数组 ["av1","av2"]
console.log("av1 :",json.a1[0]);//数组内元素不能直接以".0"方式访问
//输出如下:
/*
qml: k2 : v2
qml: o1 : [object Object]
qml: ok1 : ov2
qml: a1 : [av1,av2]
qml: av1 : av1
*/
3.2.修改已有子对象的值
修改子对象的值，和获取的方式一致，只是把对象作为左值就可
3.2.1使用下标的方式,即使用"[]"操作符
直接在"[]"内输入子对象的key值即可,一般对象key值为字符串,数组内则为数组索引，然后直接等号赋值即可
var json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
json["k2"]="new v2";
console.log("change k2 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json["o1"]["ok1"]="new ov1";
console.log("change ok1 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json["o1"]="new o1"
console.log("change o1 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json["a1"][0]="new av1"
console.log("change av1 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json["a1"]="new a1"
console.log("change a1 :",JSON.stringify(json));
//输出如下:
/*
qml: change k2 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"new v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
qml: change ok1 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"new v2","o1":{
"ok1":"new ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
qml: change o1 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"new v2","o1":"new o1","a1":["av1","av2"]}
qml: change av1 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"new v2","o1":"new o1","a1":["new av1","av2"]}
qml: change a1 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"new v2","o1":"new o1","a1":"new a1"}
*/
3.2.2使用"."操作符方式
直接在"[]"内输入子对象的key值即可,一般对象key值为字符串,数组内则为数组索引
var json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
json.k2="new v2";
console.log("change k2 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json.o1.ok1="new ov1";
console.log("change ok1 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json.o1="new o1"
console.log("change o1 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json.a1[0]="new av1"//数组内元素不能直接以".0"方式访问
console.log("change av1 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json.a1="new a1"
console.log("change a1 :",JSON.stringify(json));
//输出如下:
/*
qml: change k2 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"new v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
qml: change ok1 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"new v2","o1":{
"ok1":"new ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
qml: change o1 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"new v2","o1":"new o1","a1":["av1","av2"]}
qml: change av1 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"new v2","o1":"new o1","a1":["new av1","av2"]}
qml: change a1 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"new v2","o1":"new o1","a1":"new a1"}
*/
3.3.新增子对象
新增子对象的值，和修改的方式一致,只是赋值的的对象原本不存在
3.3.1使用下标的方式,即使用"[]"操作符
直接在"[]"内输入子对象的key值即可,一般对象key值为字符串,数组内则为数组索引，然后直接等号赋值即可
var json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
json["k3"]="v3";
console.log("add k3 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json["o2"]={
"ok1":"ov1"};
console.log("add o2 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json["a2"]=["av1","av2"]
console.log("add a1 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json["a1"][2]="av3"
console.log("add av3 :",JSON.stringify(json));
//输出如下:
/*
qml: add k3 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"],"k3":"v3"}
qml: add o2 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"],"k3":"v3","o2":{
"ok1":"ov1"}}
qml: add a1 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"],"k3":"v3","o2":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a2":["av1","av2"]}
qml: add av3 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2","av3"],"k3":"v3","o2":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a2":["av1","av2"]}
*/
3.3.2使用"."操作符方式
直接在"[]"内输入子对象的key值即可,一般对象key值为字符串,数组内则为数组索引
var json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
json.k3="v3";
console.log("add k3 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json.o2={
"ok1":"ov1"};
console.log("add o2 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json.a2=["av1","av2"]
console.log("add a1 :",JSON.stringify(json));
json.a1[2]="av3"
console.log("add av3 :",JSON.stringify(json));
//输出如下:
/*
qml: add k3 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"],"k3":"v3"}
qml: add o2 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"],"k3":"v3","o2":{
"ok1":"ov1"}}
qml: add a1 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"],"k3":"v3","o2":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a2":["av1","av2"]}
qml: add av3 : {
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2","av3"],"k3":"v3","o2":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a2":["av1","av2"]}
*/
3.4.删除已有子对象
删除子对象的值，有两种方式
3.4.1给要删除的对象赋值为 undefined ,操作方式和修改已有子对象的值方法一致.详见三.2
//删除示例,只举一个,操作方式和修改已有子对象的值方法一致.详见三.2
var json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
json.k1=undefined
console.log(JSON.stringify(json))
//输出如下:
/*
qml: {
"k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
*/
3.4.2使用 delete 直接删除要删除的对象即可,具体操作是在访问对象的语句前加 delete.
//删除示例,只举一个,其他只要把delete 后的替换成其他访问对象语法就好
var json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
delete json.k1
console.log(JSON.stringify(json))
//输出如下:
/*
qml: {
"k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
*/
3.4.3json数组内对象的删除
json数组内对象的删除其实和其他删除方式一致,但要多出一个步骤,总的来说json数组内的对象的删除和qml单独一个数组的删除方式是一致的
var json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
json.a1[0]=undefined;
console.log(JSON.stringify(json))
json.a1.splice(0,1)//0指开始索引,1指删除数量
console.log(JSON.stringify(json))
//输出如下:
/*
qml: {
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":[null,"av2"]}
qml: {
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av2"]}
*/
//直接调用splice也可以
var json ={
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av1","av2"]}
json.a1.splice(0,1)
console.log(JSON.stringify(json))
//输出如下:
/*
qml: {
"k1":"v1","k2":"v2","o1":{
"ok1":"ov1"},"a1":["av2"]}
*/
总结
常用的方法基本就这些。