python爬虫学习笔记5:实例学习2

实例1：中国大学排名爬虫

链接：
http://www.zuihaodaxue.cn/zuihaodaxuepaiming2016.html

功能描述：
输入：大学排名url链接
输出：大学排名信息的屏幕输出
技术路线：requests-bs4
定向爬虫：仅对输入url进行爬取，不扩展爬取

验证可行性

程序的结构设计
步骤1：从网络上获取大学排名网页内容
步骤2：提取网页内容中信息到合适的数据结构
步骤3：利用数据结构展示并输出结果

代码实现

#CrawUnivRankingB.py
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import bs4

def getHTMLText(url):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        return r.text
    except:
        return ""

def fillUnivList(ulist, html):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
    for tr in soup.find('tbody').children:
        if isinstance(tr, bs4.element.Tag):
            tds = tr('td')
            ulist.append([tds[0].string, tds[1].string, tds[3].string])

def printUnivList(ulist, num):
    tplt = "{0:^10}\t{1:{3}^10}\t{2:^10}"
    print(tplt.format("排名","学校名称","总分",chr(12288)))
    for i in range(num):
        u=ulist[i]
        print(tplt.format(u[0],u[1],u[2],chr(12288)))

def main():
    uinfo = []
    url = 'http://www.zuihaodaxue.cn/zuihaodaxuepaiming2016.html'
    html = getHTMLText(url)
    fillUnivList(uinfo, html)
    printUnivList(uinfo, 20) # 20 univs
main()

中文对齐问题：

解决：
采用中文空格填充 chr(12288)

format格式化介绍：
http://www.runoob.com/python/att-string-format.html

---

实例2：淘宝商品比价定向爬虫

目标：获取淘宝搜索页面的信息，提取其中的商品名称与价格
理解：淘宝的搜索接口翻页的处理
技术路线： requests-re
链接分析：

可行性分析：

• robots.txt
  
  • 不要不加限制地访问页面

程序结构设计

代码

#CrowTaobaoPrice.py
import requests
import re

def getHTMLText(url):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        return r.text
    except:
        return ""

def parsePage(ilt, html):
    try:
        plt = re.findall(r'\"view_price\"\:\"[\d\.]*\"',html)
        tlt = re.findall(r'\"raw_title\"\:\".*?\"',html)
        for i in range(len(plt)):
            price = eval(plt[i].split(':')[1])
            title = eval(tlt[i].split(':')[1])
            ilt.append([price , title])
    except:
        print("")

def printGoodsList(ilt):
    tplt = "{:4}\t{:8}\t{:16}"
    print(tplt.format("序号", "价格", "商品名称"))
    count = 0
    for g in ilt:
        count = count + 1
        print(tplt.format(count, g[0], g[1]))

def main():
    goods = '书包'
    depth = 3
    start_url = 'http://s.taobao.com/search?q=' + goods
    infoList = []
    for i in range(depth):
        try:
            url = start_url + '&s=' + str(44*i)
            html = getHTMLText(url)
            parsePage(infoList, html)
        except:
            continue
    printGoodsList(infoList)

main()

---

实例3：股票数据定向爬虫

功能描述：获取上交所和深交所所有股票的名称和交易信息
输出：保存到文件
技术路线：requests-bs4-re
选取原则：股票信息静态存在于html页面中，非js代码生成，没有robots协议限制
程序设计

代码

#CrawBaiduStocksB.py
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import traceback
import re

def getHTMLText(url, code="utf-8"):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding = code
        return r.text
    except:
        return ""

def getStockList(lst, stockURL):
    html = getHTMLText(stockURL, "GB2312")
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser') 
    a = soup.find_all('a')
    for i in a:
        try:
            href = i.attrs['href']
            lst.append(re.findall(r"[s][hz]\d{6}", href)[0])
        except:
            continue

def getStockInfo(lst, stockURL, fpath):
    count = 0
    for stock in lst:
        url = stockURL + stock + ".html"
        html = getHTMLText(url)
        try:
            if html=="":
                continue
            infoDict = {}
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
            stockInfo = soup.find('div',attrs={'class':'stock-bets'})

            name = stockInfo.find_all(attrs={'class':'bets-name'})[0]
            infoDict.update({'股票名称': name.text.split()[0]})

            keyList = stockInfo.find_all('dt')
            valueList = stockInfo.find_all('dd')
            for i in range(len(keyList)):
                key = keyList[i].text
                val = valueList[i].text
                infoDict[key] = val

            with open(fpath, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write( str(infoDict) + '\n' )
                count = count + 1
                print("\r当前进度: {:.2f}%".format(count*100/len(lst)),end="")
        except:
            count = count + 1
            print("\r当前进度: {:.2f}%".format(count*100/len(lst)),end="")
            continue

def main():
    stock_list_url = 'http://quote.eastmoney.com/stocklist.html'
    stock_info_url = 'http://gupiao.baidu.com/stock/'
    output_file = 'C:/Users/horyit/Desktop/杂项'
    slist=[]
    getStockList(slist, stock_list_url)
    getStockInfo(slist, stock_info_url, output_file)

main()