说明：若不够详细，请参考系列博客： 【Windows版】VScode配置C++开发环境
一、参考资料
ubuntu18.04 配置vscode的C++/C环境+opencv
vscode搭建opencv4.5.5+opencv_contrib4.5.5开发环境
Ubuntu20下 vscode配置OpenCV 4.5.5
二、重要技巧
2.1 debug调试
需要先编译，然后再debug调试。
编译：ctrl+shift+B；
debug：Run —> Start Debugging；
逐步调式:
Step Over ：逐行执行，如果遇到函数调用，当成整体执行过去
Step Into: 遇到函数调用，进去函数内部，可以看清楚函数内部的执行细节
Step Out ： 当使用Step Into 已经进入了一个函数调用的内部执行了几行后，想跳过该函数剩余部分，就使用Step Out,返回到该函数调用的下一行。
2.2 追踪变量
如果你想在调试时追踪某几个变量的值，那么就可以使用 Watch 面板。打开左侧 Watch 窗口，点击 + ，输入想要追踪的变量名，回车确定。
2.3 配置头文件
Ubuntu20下 vscode配置OpenCV 4.5.5
三、文件头部和函数自动注释
四、相关配置文件
settings.json
该文件是首选项的配置文件，配置包含：字体、window背景、头文件和函数注释模板等。
{
"grunt.autoDetect": "on",
"editor.fontSize": 16,
"workbench.colorTheme": "Visual Studio Dark - C++",
"window.openFilesInNewWindow": "on",
"[cpp]": {
"files.encoding": "gbk"
},
"[c]": {
"files.encoding": "gbk"
},
"C_Cpp.codeAnalysis.clangTidy.headerFilter": "",
"fileheader.configObj": {
"createFileTime": true,
"language": {
"languagetest": {
"head": "/$$",
"middle": " $ @",
"end": " $/",
"functionSymbol": {
"head": "/** ",
"middle": " * @",
"end": " */"
},
"functionParams": "js"
}
},
"autoAdd": true,
"autoAddLine": 100,
"autoAlready": true,
"annotationStr": {
"head": "/*",
"middle": " * @",
"end": " */",
"use": true
},
"headInsertLine": {
"php": 2,
"sh": 2
},
"beforeAnnotation": {
"文件后缀": "该文件后缀的头部注释之前添加某些内容"
},
"afterAnnotation": {
"文件后缀": "该文件后缀的头部注释之后添加某些内容"
},
"specialOptions": {
"特殊字段": "自定义比如LastEditTime/LastEditors"
},
"switch": {
"newlineAddAnnotation": true
},
"supportAutoLanguage": [],
"prohibitAutoAdd": [
"json"
],
"folderBlacklist": [
"node_modules",
"文件夹禁止自动添加头部注释"
],
"prohibitItemAutoAdd": [
"项目的全称, 整个项目禁止自动添加头部注释, 可以使用快捷键添加"
],
"moveCursor": true,
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"atSymbol": [
"@",
"@"
],
"atSymbolObj": {
"文件后缀": [
"头部注释@符号",
"函数注释@符号"
]
},
"colon": [
": ",
": "
],
"colonObj": {
"文件后缀": [
"头部注释冒号",
"函数注释冒号"
]
},
"filePathColon": "路径分隔符替换",
"showErrorMessage": false,
"writeLog": false,
"wideSame": false,
"wideNum": 13,
"functionWideNum": 0,
"CheckFileChange": false,
"createHeader": false,
"useWorker": false,
"designAddHead": false,
"headDesignName": "random",
"headDesign": false,
"cursorModeInternalAll": {
},
"openFunctionParamsCheck": true,
"functionParamsShape": [
"{",
"}"
],
"functionBlankSpaceAll": {
},
"functionTypeSymbol": "*",
"typeParamOrder": "type param",
"customHasHeadEnd": {
},
"throttleTime": 60000
},
"fileheader.cursorMode": {
"description": "",
"param ": "",
"return": ""
},
"fileheader.customMade": {
"custom_string_obkoro1": "Copyright (C) 2018-2022 * Ltd. All rights reserved.",
"Author": "liulinjun", //编辑人
"Date": "Do not edit", //文件生成的时间
"LastEditTime": "Do not edit", // 文件最后修改的时间
"LastEditors": "liulinjun",
"Description": "", //文件内容描述
"License": "Copyright (C) 2019-2021, "
}
}
c_cpp_properties.json
该文件是编译器的配置文件，配置包含：gcc/g++路径、include头文件路径、C++标准等。
Ctrl+Shift+P
---> 输入C/C++
---> Edit Configurations(UI)
---> 编译器路径：/usr/bin/g++
---> IntelliSense 模式：linux-gcc-x64
修改launch.json文件：
{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Linux",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/**",
/* 项目所需的头文件路径 */
"${workspaceFolder}/include",
"/usr/include",
"/usr/local/include/opencv",
"/usr/local/include/opencv2"
],
"defines": [],
"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/g++",
"cStandard": "gnu11",
"cppStandard": "gnu++14",
"intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64",
"browse": {
"limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": false
}
}
],
"version": 4
}
tasks.json
该文件是编译C/C++程序（生成out文件）的配置文件，配置包含：include头文件路径、lib链接库路径等。
自动生成默认的tasks.json文件：
Terminal
---> Configure Default Build Task
---> C/C++:g++.exe build active file
tasks.json文件告诉vscode如何编译cpp程序。这会调用 g++ 编译器将源文件编译成可执行文件。为了方便VScode编译C++代码，可以将include头文件、lib动态链接库等路径写入 tasks.json配置文件里。
{
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"type": "cppbuild",
"label": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
"command": "/usr/bin/g++",
"args": [
"-fdiagnostics-color=always",
"-g", "${file}",
"-o", "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
/* 项目所需的头文件路径 */
"-I","${workspaceFolder}/include",
"-I", "/usr/include",
"-I", "/usr/local/include",
/* OpenCV的lib库 */
"-I", "/usr/local/include/opencv",
"-I", "/usr/local/include/opencv2",
"-L", "/usr/local/lib/libopencv_*",
/* 项目所需的库文件路径 */
"-L", "/usr/local/lib",
/* CMake编译时选择了BUILD_opencv_world选项 */
"-L", "libopencv_world455"
],
"options": {
"cwd": "${fileDirname}"
},
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
],
"group": "build",
"detail": "compiler: /usr/bin/g++"
}
]
}
launch.json
该文件是debug调试C/C++程序（执行out文件）的配置文件，配置包含：debug类型等。
自动生成默认的launch.json文件：
Run
---> Add Configuration
---> C++(GDB/LLDB)
---> g++.exe build and debug active file
修改launch.json文件：
{
// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
/* 配置名称，将会在启动配置的下拉菜单中显示 */
"name": "(gdb) Launch",
/* 配置类型，cppdbg类型 */
"type": "cppdbg",
/* 请求配置类型，可以为launch（启动）或attach（附加） */
"request": "launch",
/* 将要进行调试的程序的路径 */
"program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
/* 程序调试时传递给程序的命令行参数，一般设为空即可 */
"args": [],
/* 设为true时程序将暂停在程序入口处，一般设置为false */
"stopAtEntry": false,
/* 调试程序时的工作目录 */
"cwd": "${fileDirname}",
"environment": [],
/* 调试时是否显示控制台窗口，一般设置为true显示控制台 */
"externalConsole": false,
"MIMode": "gdb",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
},
{
"description": "Set Disassembly Flavor to Intel",
"text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
]
}
]
}