SysTick定时器（系统滴答定时器）是一个倒计时定时器，被捆绑在NVIC中，用于产生SYSTICK异常（异常号：15）。在以前，大多操作系统需要一个硬件定时器来产生操作系统需要的滴答中断，作为整个系统的时基。例如，为多个任务许以不同数目的时间片，确保没有一个任务能霸占系统；或者把每个定时器周期的某个时间范围赐予特定的任务等，还有操作系统提供的各种定时功能，都与这个滴答定时器有关。因此，需要一个定时器来产生周期性的中断，而且最好还让用户程序不能随意访问它的寄存器，以维持操作系统“心跳”的节律。SysTick定时器能产生中断，CM3为它专门开出一个异常类型，并且在向量表中有它的一席之地。它使操作系统和其它系统软件在CM3器件间的移植变得简单多了，因为在所有CM3产品间对其处理都是相同的。SysTick定时器能产生中断，CM3为它专门开出一个异常类型，并且在向量表中有它的一席之地。它使操作系统和其它系统软件在CM3器件间的移植变得简单多了，因为在所有CM3产品间对其处理都是相同的。该定时器用法也相对简单，主要它由4个寄存器来控制。
#define SysTick ((SysTick_Type *) SysTick_BASE) /*!< SysTick configuration struct */
/* Memory mapping of Cortex-M3 Hardware */
#define SCS_BASE (0xE000E000) /*!< System Control Space Base Address */
#define ITM_BASE (0xE0000000) /*!< ITM Base Address */
#define CoreDebug_BASE (0xE000EDF0) /*!< Core Debug Base Address */
#define SysTick_BASE (SCS_BASE + 0x0010) /*!< SysTick Base Address */
#define NVIC_BASE (SCS_BASE + 0x0100) /*!< NVIC Base Address */
#define SCB_BASE (SCS_BASE + 0x0D00) /*!< System Control Block Base Address */
/** @addtogroup CMSIS_CM3_SysTick CMSIS CM3 SysTick
memory mapped structure for SysTick
@{
*/
typedef struct
{
__IO uint32_t CTRL; /*!< Offset: 0x00 SysTick Control and Status Register */
__IO uint32_t LOAD; /*!< Offset: 0x04 SysTick Reload Value Register */
__IO uint32_t VAL; /*!< Offset: 0x08 SysTick Current Value Register */
__I uint32_t CALIB; /*!< Offset: 0x0C SysTick Calibration Register */
} SysTick_Type;
//core_m3.h
/* ################################## SysTick function ############################################ */
#if (!defined (__Vendor_SysTickConfig)) || (__Vendor_SysTickConfig == 0)
/**
* @brief Initialize and start the SysTick counter and its interrupt.
*
* @param ticks number of ticks between two interrupts
* @return 1 = failed, 0 = successful
*
* Initialise the system tick timer and its interrupt and start the
* system tick timer / counter in free running mode to generate
* periodical interrupts.
*/
static __INLINE uint32_t SysTick_Config(uint32_t ticks)
{
if (ticks > SysTick_LOAD_RELOAD_Msk) return (1); /* Reload value impossible */
SysTick->LOAD = (ticks & SysTick_LOAD_RELOAD_Msk) - 1; /* set reload register */
NVIC_SetPriority (SysTick_IRQn, (1<<__NVIC_PRIO_BITS) - 1); /* set Priority for Cortex-M0 System Interrupts */
SysTick->VAL = 0; /* Load the SysTick Counter Value */ /* 初始化VAL=0,使能Systick后立刻进入重装载 */
SysTick->CTRL = SysTick_CTRL_CLKSOURCE_Msk | /* 选择时钟源 */
SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Msk | /* 开启systick中断 */
SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk; /* Enable SysTick IRQ and SysTick Timer */
return (0); /* Function successful */
}
#endif
//core_m3.h
/**
* @brief Set the priority for an interrupt
*
* @param IRQn The number of the interrupt for set priority
* @param priority The priority to set
*
* Set the priority for the specified interrupt. The interrupt
* number can be positive to specify an external (device specific)
* interrupt, or negative to specify an internal (core) interrupt.
*
* Note: The priority cannot be set for every core interrupt.
*/
static __INLINE void NVIC_SetPriority(IRQn_Type IRQn, uint32_t priority)
{
if(IRQn < 0) {
SCB->SHP[((uint32_t)(IRQn) & 0xF)-4] = ((priority << (8 - __NVIC_PRIO_BITS)) & 0xff); } /* set Priority for Cortex-M3 System Interrupts */
else {
NVIC->IP[(uint32_t)(IRQn)] = ((priority << (8 - __NVIC_PRIO_BITS)) & 0xff); } /* set Priority for device specific Interrupts */
}
中断优先级
//stm32f10x.h
/**
* @brief STM32F10x Interrupt Number Definition, according to the selected device
* in @ref Library_configuration_section
*/
typedef enum IRQn
{
/****** Cortex-M3 Processor Exceptions Numbers ***************************************************/
NonMaskableInt_IRQn = -14, /*!< 2 Non Maskable Interrupt */
MemoryManagement_IRQn = -12, /*!< 4 Cortex-M3 Memory Management Interrupt */
BusFault_IRQn = -11, /*!< 5 Cortex-M3 Bus Fault Interrupt */
UsageFault_IRQn = -10, /*!< 6 Cortex-M3 Usage Fault Interrupt */
SVCall_IRQn = -5, /*!< 11 Cortex-M3 SV Call Interrupt */
DebugMonitor_IRQn = -4, /*!< 12 Cortex-M3 Debug Monitor Interrupt */
PendSV_IRQn = -2, /*!< 14 Cortex-M3 Pend SV Interrupt */
SysTick_IRQn = -1, /*!< 15 Cortex-M3 System Tick Interrupt */
/****** STM32 specific Interrupt Numbers *********************************************************/
WWDG_IRQn = 0, /*!< Window WatchDog Interrupt */
PVD_IRQn = 1, /*!< PVD through EXTI Line detection Interrupt */
TAMPER_IRQn = 2, /*!< Tamper Interrupt */
RTC_IRQn = 3, /*!< RTC global Interrupt */
FLASH_IRQn = 4, /*!< FLASH global Interrupt */
RCC_IRQn = 5, /*!< RCC global Interrupt */
EXTI0_IRQn = 6, /*!< EXTI Line0 Interrupt */
EXTI1_IRQn = 7, /*!< EXTI Line1 Interrupt */
EXTI2_IRQn = 8, /*!< EXTI Line2 Interrupt */
EXTI3_IRQn = 9, /*!< EXTI Line3 Interrupt */
EXTI4_IRQn = 10, /*!< EXTI Line4 Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel1_IRQn = 11, /*!< DMA1 Channel 1 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel2_IRQn = 12, /*!< DMA1 Channel 2 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel3_IRQn = 13, /*!< DMA1 Channel 3 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel4_IRQn = 14, /*!< DMA1 Channel 4 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel5_IRQn = 15, /*!< DMA1 Channel 5 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel6_IRQn = 16, /*!< DMA1 Channel 6 global Interrupt */
DMA1_Channel7_IRQn = 17, /*!< DMA1 Channel 7 global Interrupt */
...
}
/**
* @brief Set the priority for an interrupt
*
* @param IRQn The number of the interrupt for set priority
* @param priority The priority to set
*
* Set the priority for the specified interrupt. The interrupt
* number can be positive to specify an external (device specific)
* interrupt, or negative to specify an internal (core) interrupt.
*
* Note: The priority cannot be set for every core interrupt.
*/
static __INLINE void NVIC_SetPriority(IRQn_Type IRQn, uint32_t priority)
{
if(IRQn < 0) {
SCB->SHP[((uint32_t)(IRQn) & 0xF)-4] = ((priority << (8 - __NVIC_PRIO_BITS)) & 0xff); } /* set Priority for Cortex-M3 System Interrupts */
else {
NVIC->IP[(uint32_t)(IRQn)] = ((priority << (8 - __NVIC_PRIO_BITS)) & 0xff); } /* set Priority for device specific Interrupts */
}
NVIC_SetPriority (SysTick_IRQn, (1<<__NVIC_PRIO_BITS) - 1); /* set Priority for Cortex-M0 System Interrupts */
/* Configure one bit for preemption priority */
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_1);
/*UART1*/
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn; //37
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
/**
* @}
*/
/** @defgroup Preemption_Priority_Group
* @{
*/
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_0 ((uint32_t)0x700) /*!< 0 bits for pre-emption priority
4 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_1 ((uint32_t)0x600) /*!< 1 bits for pre-emption priority
3 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_2 ((uint32_t)0x500) /*!< 2 bits for pre-emption priority
2 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_3 ((uint32_t)0x400) /*!< 3 bits for pre-emption priority
1 bits for subpriority */
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_4 ((uint32_t)0x300) /*!< 4 bits for pre-emption priority
NVIC_PriorityGroup_0：1个抢占优先级，16个副优先级
NVIC_PriorityGroup_1：2个抢占优先级，8个副优先级
NVIC_PriorityGroup_2：4个抢占优先级，4个副优先级
NVIC_PriorityGroup_3：8个抢占优先级，2个副优先级
NVIC_PriorityGroup_4：16个抢占优先级，1个副优先级
相同抢占优先级的，不同副优先级的数字越小，优先响应。