【转】使用Spring Data来操作MongoDB（单实例）

MongoDB 是一个可扩展的、高性能的、开源的NoSQL数据库，跟传统的数据库不一样，MongoDB并不是将数据存储在表中，他将数据结构化为一个类似于JSON的文档中。这篇文章就是展示如何使用Java基于MongoDB和Spring Data创建一个CRUD应用。 

Spring Data for MongoDB

Spring Data for MongoDB提供了一个类似于基于Sping编程模型的NoSQL数据存储。Spring Data for MongoDB提供了很多特性，它使很多MongoDB的Java开发者解放了很多。MongoTemplate helper类支持通用的Mongo操作。它整合了文档和POJO之间的对象映射。通常，他会转换数据库访问异常到Spring中的异常结构。使用起来非常的方便。
你可以点击这里下载。

五步使用Spring Data创建一个应用。

使用@Document注解指明一个领域对象将被持久化到MongoDB中。@Id注解identifies。

package com.orangeslate.naturestore.domain;

import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;

@Document
public class Tree {

	@Id
	private String id;

	private String name;

	private String category;

	private int age;

	public Tree(String id, String name, int age) {
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}

	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getCategory() {
		return category;
	}

	public void setCategory(String category) {
		this.category = category;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age
				+ ", category=" + category + "]";
	}
}

 创建一个简单的接口。创建一个简单的接口，这个接口带有CRUD方法。这里我还带有createCollection方法和dropCollection方法。

 

 

package com.orangeslate.naturestore.repository;

import java.util.List;

import com.mongodb.WriteResult;

public interface Repository<T> {

	public List<T> getAllObjects();

	public void saveObject(T object);

	public T getObject(String id);

	public WriteResult updateObject(String id, String name);

	public void deleteObject(String id);

	public void createCollection();

	public void dropCollection();
}

 创建一个指定的领域对象CRUD的实现。

package com.orangeslate.naturestore.repository;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Criteria;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update;

import com.mongodb.WriteResult;
import com.orangeslate.naturestore.domain.Tree;

public class NatureRepositoryImpl implements Repository<Tree> {

	MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;

	public void setMongoTemplate(MongoTemplate mongoTemplate) {
		this.mongoTemplate = mongoTemplate;
	}

	/**
	 * Get all trees.
	 */
	public List<Tree> getAllObjects() {
		return mongoTemplate.findAll(Tree.class);
	}

	/**
	 * Saves a {<span class="referer">@link</span>  Tree}.
	 */
	public void saveObject(Tree tree) {
		mongoTemplate.insert(tree);
	}

	/**
	 * Gets a {<span class="referer">@link</span>  Tree} for a particular id.
	 */
	public Tree getObject(String id) {
		return mongoTemplate.findOne(new Query(Criteria.where("id").is(id)),
				Tree.class);
	}

	/**
	 * Updates a {<span class="referer">@link</span>  Tree} name for a particular id.
	 */
	public WriteResult updateObject(String id, String name) {
		return mongoTemplate.updateFirst(
				new Query(Criteria.where("id").is(id)),
				Update.update("name", name), Tree.class);
	}

	/**
	 * Delete a {<span class="referer">@link</span>  Tree} for a particular id.
	 */
	public void deleteObject(String id) {
		mongoTemplate
				.remove(new Query(Criteria.where("id").is(id)), Tree.class);
	}

	/**
	 * Create a {<span class="referer">@link</span>  Tree} collection if the collection does not already
	 * exists
	 */
	public void createCollection() {
		if (!mongoTemplate.collectionExists(Tree.class)) {
			mongoTemplate.createCollection(Tree.class);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Drops the {<span class="referer">@link</span>  Tree} collection if the collection does already exists
	 */
	public void dropCollection() {
		if (mongoTemplate.collectionExists(Tree.class)) {
			mongoTemplate.dropCollection(Tree.class);
		}
	}
}

 创建Spring context。将所有spring beans和mongodb对象都声明在Spring context文件中，这里创建的是applicationContext.xml文件。注意到我们并没有创建一个叫做"nature"的数据库。在第一次存储数据的时候MongoDB将会为我们创建这个数据库。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd


http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

	<bean id="natureRepository"
		class="com.orangeslate.naturestore.repository.NatureRepositoryImpl">
		<property name="mongoTemplate" ref="mongoTemplate" />
	</bean>

	<bean id="mongoTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate">
		<constructor-arg name="mongo" ref="mongo" />
		<constructor-arg name="databaseName" value="nature" />
	</bean>

	<!-- Factory bean that creates the Mongo instance -->
	<bean id="mongo" class="org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoFactoryBean">
		<property name="host" value="localhost" />
		<property name="port" value="27017" />
	</bean>

	<!-- Activate annotation configured components -->
	<context:annotation-config />

	<!-- Scan components for annotations within the configured package -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.orangeslate.naturestore">
		<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
			expression="org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration" />
	</context:component-scan>

</beans>

创建一个测试类。这里我已经创建了一个测试类，并通过ClassPathXmlApplicationContext来初始化他。

package com.orangeslate.naturestore.test;

import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.orangeslate.naturestore.domain.Tree;
import com.orangeslate.naturestore.repository.NatureRepositoryImpl;
import com.orangeslate.naturestore.repository.Repository;

public class MongoTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
				"classpath:/spring/applicationContext.xml");

		Repository repository = context.getBean(NatureRepositoryImpl.class);

		// cleanup collection before insertion
		repository.dropCollection();

		// create collection
		repository.createCollection();

		repository.saveObject(new Tree("1", "Apple Tree", 10));

		System.out.println("1. " + repository.getAllObjects());

		repository.saveObject(new Tree("2", "Orange Tree", 3));

		System.out.println("2. " + repository.getAllObjects());

		System.out.println("Tree with id 1" + repository.getObject("1"));

		repository.updateObject("1", "Peach Tree");

		System.out.println("3. " + repository.getAllObjects());

		repository.deleteObject("2");

		System.out.println("4. " + repository.getAllObjects());
	}
}

 最后，让我们以Java应用程序的方式运行这个示例，我们可以看到如下的输出。第一个方法存储了一个"Apple Tree"。第二个方法存储了一个"Orange Tree"。第三个方法通过id获取一个对象。第四个使用Peach Tree更新对象。最后一个方法删除了第二个对象。

1. [Person [id=1, name=Apple Tree, age=10, category=null]]
2. [Person [id=1, name=Apple Tree, age=10, category=null], Person [id=2, name=Orange Tree, age=3, category=null]]
Tree with id 1Person [id=1, name=Apple Tree, age=10, category=null]
3. [Person [id=1, name=Peach Tree, age=10, category=null], Person [id=2, name=Orange Tree, age=3, category=null]]
4. [Person [id=1, name=Peach Tree, age=10, category=null]]

 注：可以在GitHub上下载到源码。

转自：http://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1342877356974.html