python常用可视化包matplotlib入门教程

常见用法

代码演示

# from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from random import choice
# 类的简单使用
class dog():
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def sit(self):
        print(self.name.title() + " is now sitting.")

    def roll_over(self):
        print(self.name.title() + " rolled over!")

# matplotlib的简单使用
class matPlot():
    def __init__(self):
        print("简单的绘图练习")

    # 简易的使用
    def test_1(self):
        y = [1, 2, 5, 8, 9]
        plt.plot(y)
        plt.show()

    # 设置x ， y ， title
    def test_2(self):
        y = [1, 2, 5, 8, 9]
        plt.plot(y, linewidth=5)
        # 标题
        plt.title("title", fontsize=20)
        # x轴
        plt.xlabel("x", fontsize=15)
        # y轴
        plt.ylabel("y", fontsize=15)
        # 刻度尺样式，字体大小为15
        plt.tick_params(axis='both',  labelsize=15)
        plt.show()

    # 同时设置x和y对应关系
    def test_3(self):
        x = [1,2,3,4,5]
        y = [2,4,6,8,0]
        plt.plot(x,y)
        plt.show()

    # 散点图
    def test_4(self):
        x = [1,2,3,4,5]
        y = [2,4,6,8,0]
        plt.scatter(x,y)
        plt.show()     
    
    # 自动计算
    def test_5(self):
        x_value = list(range(1, 1001))
        y_value = [x**2 for x in x_value]
        plt.scatter(x_value,y_value)
        # 设置x，y轴的刻度，x[0,1001] y[1,100001]
        plt.axis([0,1001,1,100001])
        plt.show()

    # 设置x，y轴的刻度
    def test_6(self):
        x_value = list(range(1, 1001))
        y_value = [x**2 for x in x_value]
        # 删除数据的轮廓
        plt.scatter(x_value,y_value, edgecolors=None, s=9)
        # 设置x，y轴的刻度，x[0,1001] y[1,100001]
        plt.axis([0,1001,1,100001])
        plt.show()

    # 设置线条的颜色 默认蓝色
    def test_7(self):
        x_value = list(range(1, 1001))
        y_value = [x**2 for x in x_value]
        # 设置颜色
        plt.scatter(x_value,y_value, edgecolors=None, s=9, c='red')
        plt.axis([0,1001,1,100001])
        plt.show()

    # 使用颜色渐变 参数 cmap 告诉 pyplot 使用哪个颜色映射
    def test_8(self):
        x_value = list(range(1, 1001))
        y_value = [x**2 for x in x_value]
        # 设置颜色
        plt.scatter(x_value,y_value, edgecolors=None, s=9, c= y_value, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
        plt.axis([0,1001,1,100001])
        plt.show()

    # 自动保存图
    def test_9(self):
        x_value = list(range(1, 1001))
        y_value = [x**2 for x in x_value]
        # 设置颜色
        plt.scatter(x_value,y_value, edgecolors=None, s=9, c= y_value, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
        plt.axis([0,1001,1,100001])
        # 第二个实参指定将图表多余的空白区域裁剪掉。如果要保留图表周围多余的空白区域，可省略这个实参
        plt.savefig("xxx.png", bbox_inches='tight')

    def test_10(self):
        # x,y 对应关系
        x_value = list(range(1, 1001))
        y_value = [x**2 for x in x_value]
        # 设置蓝色渐变
        plt.scatter(x_value,y_value, edgecolors=None, s=9, c= y_value, cmap=plt.cm.Blues)
        # 设置x ，y轴的标题
        plt.xlabel("xlabel", fontsize=13)
        plt.ylabel("ylabel",fontsize=13)
        # 设置x,y轴刻度尺
        plt.axis([0,1001,1,100001])
        # 设置标题
        plt.title("done with this page")
        # 第二个实参指定将图表多余的空白区域裁剪掉。如果要保留图表周围多余的空白区域，可省略这个实参
        plt.savefig("xxx.png", bbox_inches='tight')

class randomWalk():
    def __init__(self, number_point = 5000):
        print("随机漫步练习")
        # 初始化属性
        self.number_point = number_point
        # 设置起点
        self.x_values = [0]
        self.y_values = [0]
    
    def fill_walk(self):
        while len(self.x_values) < self.number_point:
            # 前进方向和前进距离
            x_direction = choice([-1, 1])
            x_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
            x_step = x_direction * x_distance
             
            y_direction = choice([-1, 1])
            y_distance = choice([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
            y_step = y_direction * y_distance

            # 拒绝原地踏步
            # if x_step =0 and y_step =0:
                # continue
            # 计算下一个X Y
            next_x = self.x_values[-1] + x_step
            next_y = self.y_values[-1] + y_step

            self.x_values.append(next_x)
            self.y_values.append(next_y)
        print("done")
   

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 类的练习
    dog1 = dog("dog_a", 12)
    # dog1.sit()
    # dog1.roll_over()

    # 开启matplotlib的入门练习之旅
    matplotlibTest = matPlot()
    # matplotlibTest.test_1()
    # matplotlibTest.test_2()
    # matplotlibTest.test_3()
    # matplotlibTest.test_4()
    # matplotlibTest.test_5()
    # matplotlibTest.test_6()
    # matplotlibTest.test_7()
    # matplotlibTest.test_8()
    # matplotlibTest.test_9()
    # matplotlibTest.test_10()


    random_walk_test = randomWalk()
    random_walk_test.fill_walk()
    plt.scatter(random_walk_test.x_values, random_walk_test.y_values, s=15)
    plt.title("random walk")
    plt.show()

常见报错

python导入包失败ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘matplotlib.pyplot’; ‘matplotlib’ is not a package

文件名称命名问题，不要将文件名命名为matplotlib.py