Cloud从零开始

一、统一版本

cloud—>Hoxton.SR1
boot—>2.2.2.RELEASE
cloud alibaba—>2.1.0.RELEASE
Java—>Java8
Maven—>3.5及以上
Mysql—>5.7及以上

二、基于分布式的微服务架构常用技术与实现

1、服务注册与发现(EUREKA)

1.Eureka停更,现在推荐使用Zookeeper、Consul、Nacos(强烈推荐)

2、服务负载与调用(NETFLIX|OSS RIBBON)

1.Ribbon、LoadBalancer

3、服务负载与调用(NETFLIX FELGN)

1.OpenFeign

4、服务熔断降级(HYSTRIX)

1.resilience4j(国外)、Sentinel(推荐)

5、服务网关(NETFLIX|OSS Zuul)

1.gateway(重点)

6、服务分布式配置(Spring Cloud Config)

1.Nacos

7、服务总线

1.Nacos

8、服务开发(Spring Boot)

三、pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>``
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.cource>1.8</maven.compiler.cource>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
        <druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
        <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
    </properties>
    <!--子模块继承之后,提供作用:锁定版本+子modlue不用写groupId和version-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork>
                    <addResources>true</addResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

1、dependencyManagement和dependencies的区别

Maven使用dependencyManagement元素来提供了一种管理依赖版本号的方式。通常会在一个组织或者目的最顶层的父pom中看到dependencyManagement元素

使用pom.xml中的dependencyManagement元素能让所有在子项目中引用一个依赖而不用显式的列出版本号。Maven会沿着父子层次向上走,知道找到一个拥有dependencyManagement元素的项目,然后它就会使用这个dependencyManagement元素中指定的版本号。

这样做的好处就是:如果有多个子项目都引用一样的依赖,则可以避免在每个使用的子项目里都声明一个版本号,这样当想升级或切换到另一个版本时,只需要在顶层父容器里更新,而不需要一个个子项目的修改;另外如果某个子项目需要另外的一个版本,只需要声明version就可以了。

dependencyManagement里只是声明依赖,并不实现引入,因此子项目需要显示的声明需要用的依赖。

如果不在子项目中声明依赖,是不会从父项目中继承下来的;只有在子项目中写了该依赖项,并且没有指定具体版本,才会从父项目中 继承 该项,并且version和scope都读取自父pom。

如果子项目中指定了版本号,那么会使子项目中指定的jar版本。

四、支付模块环境搭建

1.建module

在父工程中新建一个子项目

2.改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.10</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

3.写YML

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource   #当前数据源操作类型
    drover-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver     #mysql驱动包
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2020?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username:root
    password:123456

mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.atguitu.springcloud.entities   #所有Entity别名类所在包

4.主启动

新建项目启动类

package comatguigu.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

5.业务类

1)建表SQL

CREATE TABLE `payment` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `serial` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of payment
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `payment` VALUES ('35', 'aaabbb01');

2)entities

Payment实体类:

package comatguigu.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    private long id;
    private String serial;
}

CommentResult类(前后端分离所使用的类):

package comatguigu.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
    //404 not_found
    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;
    public CommonResult(Integer code, String message){
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}

3)dao

package comatguigu.springcloud.dao;

import comatguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {
    //crud....

    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">
  <insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
      insert into payment(id,serial) values(#{id},#{serial})
  </insert>
    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
        select * from payment where id=#{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

注:

<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment">
        <id column="order_status" property="orderStatus" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>

resultMap中,column和property可能不同,column是数据库字段的命名规范,而property是实体类中的命名规范,可能会有不同。

4)service

接口:

package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

public interface PaymentService {
    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

实现类:

package com.atguigu.springcloud.service.impl;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {

    @Resource
    private PaymentDao paymentDao;

    @Override
    public int create(Payment payment) {
        return paymentDao.create(payment);
    }

    @Override
    public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
        return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
    }
}

5)controller

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(Payment payment){
        int result=paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("*******插入结果:"+result);
        if(result>0){
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据成功",result);
        }
        else{
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库库失败",null);
        }
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        Payment payment=paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
        log.info("*******查询结果:"+payment);
        if(payment!=null){
            return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",payment);
        }
        else{
            return new CommonResult(444,"没有对应的记录",null);
        }
    }
}

6)测试

由于浏览器一般不支持post请求,使用Postman工具模拟测试,自测通过

五、热部署(Devtools)

1.Adding devtools to your project
2.Adding plugin to your pom.xml
3.Enabling automatic build
4.Update the value of
5.重启IDEA

六、订单模块搭建

1.建cloud-consumer-orderr80

2.改pom

3.写yml

4.主启动类

5.业务类

1)entities

拷贝上面的支付模块的实体类(Payment和CommonResult)

2)首说RestTemplate

使用RestTemplate完成两个模块的远程调用,一个调用接口方式的封装。
是什么:
RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,
是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类,是spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集。
使用方法:

官网地址
使用:
使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单。
(url,requestMmap,ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP相应转换被转换成的对象类型。

3)配置restTemplate

package com.atguigu.springcloud.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return  new RestTemplate();
    }
}

4)Controller

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
    public static final String  PAYMENT_URL="http://localhost:8001";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
    public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
        return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class);
    }
    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id,CommonResult.class);
    }

}

6.测试

查询:
http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/35
添加:
http://localhost/consumer/payment/create?id=22&serial=1111
发现添加不成功,此时需要在8001支付模块添加的controller中增加@RequestBody注解

@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment){
        int result=paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("*******插入结果:"+result);
        if(result>0){
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据成功",result);
        }
        else{
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库库失败",null);
        }
    }

运行过程中没有Run DashBoard解决方案
选择viwe->Tool Windows->Services
即可
测试通过!!

七、工程重构

由于两个工程中有重复的实体代码,
将两个工程中相同的代码提到一个公开共用的工程中,供大家统一调配使用。

1.新建工程 colud-api-commons

2.新建通用封装类

3.使用maven install

4.删除工程中重复的实体类

5.在需要使用这个公共包的时只需要引入依赖即可

pom.xml:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>

零基础入门完结。。。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_41307492/article/details/105200715