一、统一版本
cloud—>Hoxton.SR1
boot—>2.2.2.RELEASE
cloud alibaba—>2.1.0.RELEASE
Java—>Java8
Maven—>3.5及以上
Mysql—>5.7及以上
二、基于分布式的微服务架构常用技术与实现
1、服务注册与发现(EUREKA)
1.Eureka停更,现在推荐使用Zookeeper、Consul、Nacos(强烈推荐)
2、服务负载与调用(NETFLIX|OSS RIBBON)
1.Ribbon、LoadBalancer
3、服务负载与调用(NETFLIX FELGN)
1.OpenFeign
4、服务熔断降级(HYSTRIX)
1.resilience4j(国外)、Sentinel(推荐)
5、服务网关(NETFLIX|OSS Zuul)
1.gateway(重点)
6、服务分布式配置(Spring Cloud Config)
1.Nacos
7、服务总线
1.Nacos
8、服务开发(Spring Boot)
三、pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>``
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.cource>1.8</maven.compiler.cource>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
<druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
</properties>
<!--子模块继承之后,提供作用:锁定版本+子modlue不用写groupId和version-->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
1、dependencyManagement和dependencies的区别
Maven使用dependencyManagement元素来提供了一种管理依赖版本号的方式。通常会在一个组织或者目的最顶层的父pom中看到dependencyManagement元素
使用pom.xml中的dependencyManagement元素能让所有在子项目中引用一个依赖而不用显式的列出版本号。Maven会沿着父子层次向上走,知道找到一个拥有dependencyManagement元素的项目,然后它就会使用这个dependencyManagement元素中指定的版本号。
这样做的好处就是:如果有多个子项目都引用一样的依赖,则可以避免在每个使用的子项目里都声明一个版本号,这样当想升级或切换到另一个版本时,只需要在顶层父容器里更新,而不需要一个个子项目的修改;另外如果某个子项目需要另外的一个版本,只需要声明version就可以了。
dependencyManagement里只是声明依赖,并不实现引入,因此子项目需要显示的声明需要用的依赖。
如果不在子项目中声明依赖,是不会从父项目中继承下来的;只有在子项目中写了该依赖项,并且没有指定具体版本,才会从父项目中 继承 该项,并且version和scope都读取自父pom。
如果子项目中指定了版本号,那么会使子项目中指定的jar版本。
四、支付模块环境搭建
1.建module
在父工程中新建一个子项目
2.改POM
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3.写YML
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: cloud-payment-service
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource #当前数据源操作类型
drover-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver #mysql驱动包
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2020?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
username:root
password:123456
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
type-aliases-package: com.atguitu.springcloud.entities #所有Entity别名类所在包
4.主启动
新建项目启动类
package comatguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
}
}
5.业务类
1)建表SQL
CREATE TABLE `payment` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
`serial` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of payment
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `payment` VALUES ('35', 'aaabbb01');
2)entities
Payment实体类:
package comatguigu.springcloud.entities;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
private long id;
private String serial;
}
CommentResult类(前后端分离所使用的类):
package comatguigu.springcloud.entities;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
//404 not_found
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code, String message){
this(code,message,null);
}
}
3)dao
package comatguigu.springcloud.dao;
import comatguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {
//crud....
public int create(Payment payment);
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">
<insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into payment(id,serial) values(#{id},#{serial})
</insert>
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select * from payment where id=#{id}
</select>
</mapper>
注:
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment">
<id column="order_status" property="orderStatus" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
</resultMap>
resultMap中,column和property可能不同,column是数据库字段的命名规范,而property是实体类中的命名规范,可能会有不同。
4)service
接口:
package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
public interface PaymentService {
public int create(Payment payment);
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
实现类:
package com.atguigu.springcloud.service.impl;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
@Resource
private PaymentDao paymentDao;
@Override
public int create(Payment payment) {
return paymentDao.create(payment);
}
@Override
public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
}
}
5)controller
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
public CommonResult create(Payment payment){
int result=paymentService.create(payment);
log.info("*******插入结果:"+result);
if(result>0){
return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据成功",result);
}
else{
return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库库失败",null);
}
}
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
Payment payment=paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
log.info("*******查询结果:"+payment);
if(payment!=null){
return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",payment);
}
else{
return new CommonResult(444,"没有对应的记录",null);
}
}
}
6)测试
由于浏览器一般不支持post请求,使用Postman工具模拟测试,自测通过
五、热部署(Devtools)
1.Adding devtools to your project
2.Adding plugin to your pom.xml
3.Enabling automatic build
4.Update the value of
5.重启IDEA
六、订单模块搭建
1.建cloud-consumer-orderr80
2.改pom
3.写yml
4.主启动类
5.业务类
1)entities
拷贝上面的支付模块的实体类(Payment和CommonResult)
2)首说RestTemplate
使用RestTemplate完成两个模块的远程调用,一个调用接口方式的封装。
是什么:
RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法,
是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类,是spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集。
使用方法:
官网地址
使用:
使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单。
(url,requestMmap,ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP相应转换被转换成的对象类型。
3)配置restTemplate
package com.atguigu.springcloud.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
4)Controller
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
public static final String PAYMENT_URL="http://localhost:8001";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class);
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id,CommonResult.class);
}
}
6.测试
查询:
http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/35
添加:
http://localhost/consumer/payment/create?id=22&serial=1111
发现添加不成功,此时需要在8001支付模块添加的controller中增加@RequestBody注解
@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment){
int result=paymentService.create(payment);
log.info("*******插入结果:"+result);
if(result>0){
return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据成功",result);
}
else{
return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库库失败",null);
}
}
运行过程中没有Run DashBoard解决方案
选择viwe->Tool Windows->Services
即可
测试通过!!
七、工程重构
由于两个工程中有重复的实体代码,
将两个工程中相同的代码提到一个公开共用的工程中,供大家统一调配使用。
1.新建工程 colud-api-commons
2.新建通用封装类
3.使用maven install
4.删除工程中重复的实体类
5.在需要使用这个公共包的时只需要引入依赖即可
pom.xml:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
零基础入门完结。。。